Assessment of Metal(loid) Accumulation in the Surficial Sediment of Meyil Lake

Year 2021, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 95 - 103, 01.12.2021

Şeyda Fikirdeşici Ergen

https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.943727

Abstract

This study detected eight heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, Al) and one metalloid (As) amounts in the sediment of Meyil Lake. The findings obtained were compared with the limit values of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) such as PEL (probable effect level), TEL (threshold effect level), ERL (effects range low) and ERM (effects range median). In addition its probable toxic effects were investigated via different sediment evaluation methods. As a result, the value of the metal concentrations tested was below the limit value. The contamination factor of all the metal(loid)s tested was found to be below 1 (C_f^i<1). Also the mean ERM quotient (m-ERM-q) and mean PEL quotient (m-PEL-q) values revealed that there was no risk for the lake. The total toxic unit (Σ TU) method revealing the toxic effect of the metal(loid)s, also supported this result. The accumulation relations of metals (loids) are also revealed by correlation analysis.

Keywords

Sinkhole, karst lake, sediment quality guidelines, heavy metal

References

• Ahamad MI, Song J, Sun H, Wang X, Mehmood MS, Sajid M, Su P, Khan AJ, 2020. Contamination Level, Ecological Risk, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Hyporheic Zone of the Weihe River, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3):1070.
• Birch GF, 2018. A review of chemical-based sediment quality assessment methodologies for the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 133:218–232.
• Carr RS, Chapman DC, Long ER, Windom HL, Thursby G, Sloane GM, Wolfe DA, 1996. Sediment quality assessment studies of Tampa Bay. Florida. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry, 15(7):1218-1231.
• Dautovic J, Fiket Z, Baresic J, Ahel M, Mikac N, 2014. Sources, distribution and behavior of major and trace elements in a complex karst lake system. Aquatic Geochemistry, 20(1):19-38.
• Durmaz O 2019. Meyil ve Kızören Obruk Göllerinin Zooplankton Faunası ve Mevsimsel Değişimi (Konya/Türkiye). Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 64 sy.
• Du Preez G, Wepener V, Dennis I, 2016. Metal enrichment and contamination in a karst cave associated with anthropogenic activities in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(8):1-13.
• Erinç S, 2012. Jeomorfoloji Cilt 2. Der yayınları, İstanbul, 484 sy.
• Frančišković-Bilinski S, Bilinski H, Scholger R, Tomašić N, Maldini K. 2014. Magnetic spherules in sediments of the karstic Dobra River (Croatia). Journal of Soils and Sediments, 14(3):600-614.
• Gutierrez M, Neill H, Grand R, 2004. Metals in sediments of springs and cave streams as environmental indicators in karst areas. Environmental Geology, 46(8):1079-1085.
• Hakanson L, 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Resources, 14:975-1001.
• Hasan AB, Kabir S, Reza A, Zaman M, Ahsan A, Rashid M, 2013. Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index of trace metals in sediments of the ship breaking area of Sitakund Upazilla (Bhatiary–Kumira), Chittagong, Bangladesh. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 125:130-137.
• Hofierka J, Gallay M, Bandura P, Sasak J, 201. Identification of sinkholes in a forested karst landscape using airborne laser scanning data and wate flow analysis. Geomorphology, 308:265–277.
• Ji W, Yang Z, Yu T, Yang Q, Wen Y, Wu T, 2021. Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the Fe–Mn nodules in the karst area of Guangxi, southwest China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 106(1), 51-56.
• Korfali SI, Davies BE, 2005. Seasonal variations of trace metal chemical forms in bed sediments of a karstic river in Lebanon: implications for self-purification. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 27(5-6), 385-395.
• Kwok KW, Batley GE, Wenning RJW, Zhu L, Vangheluwe M, Lee S, 2014. Sediment quality guidelines: challenges and opportunities for improving sediment management. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014; 21(1):17–27.
• Lang YC, Liu CQ, Zhao ZQ, Li SL, Han GL, 2006. Geochemistry of surface and ground water in Guiyang. China: Water/rock interaction and pollution in a karst hydrological system. Applied Geochemistry, 21: 887–903.
• Leveque F, Gohier G, 2006. Role of iron oxides in the retention of trace metal elements: Example of the sediments of Marennes-d’Oléron. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 47(1): 127-128.
• Long ER, MacDonald DD, Severn CG, Hong CB, 2000. Classifying probabilities of acute toxicity in marine sediments with empirically derived sediment quality guidelines. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry, 19(10):2598-2601.
• Long ER, Morgan LG. The potential for biological effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants tested in the national status and trends program. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OMA 52. Seattle: WA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; 1991. p. 175. Müller G, 1969. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geo Journal, 2:108-118.
• Nguyen CC, Hugie CN, Kile ML, Navab-Daneshmand T, 2019. Association between heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens in environmental reservoirs: a review. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 13:46.
• Romic D, Romic M, Zovko M, Bakic H, Ondrasek G, 2012. Trace metals in the coastal soils developed from estuarine floodplain sediments in the Croatian Mediterranean region. Environmental geochemistry and health, 34(4):399-416.
• Sakan S, Bilinski SF, Popovic, DA, Skrivanj S, Bilinsk H, 2020. Geochemical Fractionation and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Sediments from Kupa River, Croatia. Water, 12(7):2024.
• Smith SL, MacDonald DD, Keenleyside KA, Ingersoll CG, Field LJ, 1996. A preliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment values for freshwater ecosystems. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 22(3):624-638.
• Soliman NF, Nasr SM, Okbah MA, 2015. Potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments from the Mediterranean coast. Egypt. Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 13:70.
• Tapur T, Bozyiğit R, 2016. Konya İli Obruklarının Turizm Potansiyeli. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 34:253-267.
• Turekian KK, Wedepohl KH, 1961. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth's crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72:175-192.
• Vesper DJ, Loop CM, White WB, 2003. Contaminant transport in karst aquifers. Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers,1(2):1-11.
• Wu B, Wang G, Wu J, Fu Q, Liu C, 2014. Sources of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments and an Ecological Risk Assessment from Two Adjacent Plateau Reservoirs. PLoS ONE, 9(7):e102101.
• Wu W, Qu S, Nel W, Ji J, 2020. The impact of natural weathering and mining on heavy metal accumulation in the karst areas of the Pearl River Basin, China. Science of The Total Environment, 734:139480.
• Xu D, Wang Y, Zhang R, Guo J, Zhang W, Yu K, 2016. Distribution, speciation, environmental risk, and source identification of heavy metals in surface sediments from the karst aquatic environment of the Lijiang River, Southwest China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23:9122–9133.
• Yılmaz M, 2010. Karapınar çevresinde yeraltı suyu seviye değişimlerinin yaratmış olduğu çevre sorunları. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 2(2):145-163.
• Yu X, An Y, Wu Q, 2015. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Chishui River. Acta Scien Circum, 35:1400–1407.