Cardiovascular Toxicity in Daphnia magna: Heart Rate Analysis Under Exposure to Crystal Violet, Ethanol, and Formaldehyde

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 33 - 45, 01.03.2025

Arda Sarp Karademir , Melisa Can , V. Zülal Sönmez , Nüket Sivri

https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.1560994

Abstract

Water fleas have become valuable model organisms for ecotoxicity studies due to their ease of cultivation, transparent bodies, and high sensitivity to chemical pollutants. In this study, heart rates in Daphnia magna were examined to assess basic behavioral and physiological characteristics under exposure to known toxic chemicals. Crystal violet, ethanol, and formaldehyde selected for their distinct chemical properties and documented toxicity were utilized as toxic solutions. A slow-motion, video-based method was implemented to evaluate cardiovascular performance by monitoring heart rates in water fleas. Data for important parameters like heart rates, body reactions, and heart contraction were extracted from video recordings. It was found that crystal violet increased the heart rates of Daphnia magna (489±14.19) more than ethanol (450±40.67) and formaldehyde (445±48.21). Compared to the control group, formaldehyde caused a 28.51% increase in the heart rates of daphnids, while exposure to ethanol (30.54%) and crystal violet (35.89%) resulted in a lower increase. The response of water fleas to each of the three chemicals studied was determined as a statistically significant and noticeable increase in heart rate.

Keywords

Water flea, Daphnia magna, Heart rates, Crystal violet, Ethanol

Daphnia magna’da Kardiyovasküler Toksisite: Kristal Menekşe, Etanol ve Formaldehit Maruziyette Kalp Atış Hızı Analizi

Abstract

Su pireleri, kolay yetiştirilebilmeleri, şeffaf vücut yapıları ve kimyasal kirleticilere karşı yüksek duyarlılıkları sayesinde ekotoksisite çalışmalarında değerli model organizmalar haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Daphnia magna’nın bilinen toksik kimyasallara maruz kaldığında temel davranışsal ve fizyolojik özelliklerini değerlendirmek amacıyla kalp atış hızları incelenmiştir. Kristal menekşe, etanol ve formaldehit, kendilerine özgü kimyasal özellikleri ve belgelenmiş toksisiteleri nedeniyle toksik çözelti olarak seçilmiştir. Su pirelerinin kalp atış hızlarını izleyerek kardiyovasküler performanslarını değerlendirmek için yavaş çekim, video tabanlı bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Kalp atışları, vücut tepkileri ve kalp kasılması gibi önemli parametreler için veriler video kayıtlarından çıkarılmıştır. Kristal menekşenin, Daphnia magna'nın kalp atışlarını (489±14,19), etanol (450±40,67) ve formaldehit (445±48,21) ile kıyaslandığında daha fazla artırdığı bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubuna kıyasla, formaldehit su pirelerinin kalp atışlarında %28,51'lik bir artışa neden olurken, etanol (30,54%) ve kristal menekşenin (35,89%) maruziyeti daha düşük bir artış sonucunu doğurmuştur. Su pirelerinin her üç kimyasala verdiği yanıt, kalp atış hızında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve belirgin bir artış olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Su piresi, Daphnia magna, Kalp atışları, Kristal menekşe, Etanol

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