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TELESPHOROS’UN KÖKEN SORUNU

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 18, 53 - 67, 25.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.597882

Abstract

2009 yılında Antalya Yelten’de bulunan bir Asklepios grubu ile ilgili katkıda
bulunduğum bir yayında1, elinde tuttuğu yumurta nedeniyle özel bir gruba dahil olan
Asklepios üzerinde yoğunlaşılırken, yanındaki pelerinli küçük Telesphoros figürü hakkında
sadece kısa bir tanım yapılmıştır. Antalya Müzesi’nde bulunan ve tanıtılan iki örneği (Fig. 1‐3)
incelerken ulaşılan bilgiler, Telesphoros’un Anadolu veya Kelt kökenli olduğuna dair tez ve
tartışmalara katkı sağlamak amacıyla, güncel buluntu ve referanslardan da yararlanılarak bu
çalışmada kısaca irdelenmiştir. Telesphoros figürünü Keltik kültürlerin Balkanlar üzerinden
Frigya’ya taşımış olacağına dair ileri sürülen görüşler ve bu çocuk‐tanrının Pergamon’daki
kültüne dair fikirler karşılaştırılmış, buluntular aracılığıyla örneklemeler yapılırken de Keltik
Genius Cucullatus figürleriyle ikonografik etkileşimleri de sorgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak,
mevcut veriler ışığında etkileşimlere dair somut kanıtlar olmadığı ve Telesphoros’un kendi
ikonografisini Pergamon’da edindiği kanısına varılmıştır.

References

  • Aelius Aristides, The Complete Works, Vol. 1, Orationes I-XVI, C. A. Behr (Çev.), Leiden, 1986.
  • Antal, Adriana, “Risus, Cucullatus, Venus. Divine Protectors and Protective Divinities of Childhood in Dacia and Pannonia”, Historia, Vol. 61, Nr. 1, (2016), s. 1–16.
  • Atasoy, Sümer, “The Kocakızlar Tumulus”, AJA 78, No. 3 (1974), s. 255–263.
  • Baykan, Daniş, "Allianoi’dan Sağlık Kültüne İlişkin Metal Buluntu Örnekleri". MASROP E–Dergi 13 (2019), s. 1–15.
  • Baran, D., “Greek Physicians and Medical Emancipation of the Romanian Lands”, Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Vol. 6 (51), (2009), s. 39–46.
  • Beatty, William K., “Some Medical Aspects Of Greek and Roman Coins”, Medical Numismatic Notes XV, Vol. 50, No. 1, (1974), s. 85–95.
  • Bonanome, Daniela, ““Telesforo E Le Divinità Salutari A Grottaferrata. Indagine Sul Piccolo Dio “Cucullatus””, Humanitas Studi Per Patrizia Sefarin, A. Serra (Ed.), Roma (2015), s. 23–70.
  • Burr, Thompson D., “The Terracotta Figurines”, Hesperia, Vol. 2, No. 2, The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: First Report (1933), s. 184–194.
  • Davidson, Hilda E., “Myths and Symbols in Religion and Folklore”, Folklore, Vol. 100, No. 2 (1989), s. 131–142.
  • Demirer, Ünal ve Yaraş, Ahmet, “Yelten Asklepiosu”, Seleucia ad Calycadnum VI (2016), s. 45–59.
  • Deonna, Waldemar, De Télesphore au «moine bourru». Dieux, génies et démons encapuchonnés, Latomus, XXI, Berchem–Bruxelles, 1955.
  • Deonna, Waldemar, “Télesphore et le «genius cucullatus» celtique”, Société d'Études Latines de Bruxelles, Latomus, T. 14, Fasc. 1 (Janvier–Mars 1955), s. 43–74.
  • Dontcheva, Ivanka, “Le syncrétisme d’sclépios avec le Cavalier Thrace”, Kernos 15 (2002), s. 317–324.
  • Drew–Bear, Thomas., Thomas, Christine M., Yıldızturan, Melek, Phrygian Votive Steles, The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara, 1999.
  • Goldberg, D. Martin, “Fertile Imaginations: Pastoralist Production and a New Interpretation of a Roman Period Relief Sculpture from Bath”, TRAC 2005: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Birmingham 2005., B. Croxford, H. Goodchild, J. Lucas, Ray, N. (eds.), Oxford (2006), s. 83–98.
  • Ehling, Kay, “Ein Reitender Telesphoros”, Epigraphica Anatolica 38 (2005), s. 159–164.
  • Hitzig, Walter H., “Langzeitverlauf von Krankheiten im Kindesalter”, Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, 135/2 (1990), s. 73–88.
  • İAMRR, İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Resimli Rehberi, İstanbul, 1966.
  • Johnston, Sarah I., “Riders in the Sky: Cavalier Gods and Theurgic Salvation in the Second Century A.D”, Classical Philology, Vol. 87, No. 4 (1992), s. 303–321.
  • Kampen, N. Boymel, “The Art of Soldiers on a Roman Frontier: Style and the Antonine wall”, The Art of Citizens, Soldiers and Freedmen in the Roman World, E. D'Ambra, G. P. R. Métraux (Eds.), BAR 1526, (2006), s. 125–134.
  • Konstantinos, Moschakis, Healing Gods: The Cult of Apollo Iatros, Asclepius and Hygieia in the Black Sea Region, MA Dissertation Thesis, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, 2013.
  • La Fragola, Alessandra, “Il Dio Sfuggente”, Archeo 2015/3, Sardegna, (2015), s. 56–65.
  • Laurence, Karen A., Roman Infrastructural Changes to Greek Sanctuaries and Games: Panhellenism in the Roman Empire, Formations of New Identities, PhD Dissertation Thesis of Classical Art and Archaeology, University of Michigan, 2012.
  • Özoral, Fatma, “Kutludüğün Heykelcikleri”, TAD XXVI–1 (1982), s. 1–10.
  • Panagiotidou, Olympia, “The Asklepios Cult: Where Brains, Minds, and Bodies Interact with the World, Creating New Realities”, JCH 1.1, (2014), s. 14–23.
  • Pausanias, Descriptio Graeciae: Ad codd. mss. parisinorum, vindobonensium, florentinorum, romanorum, lugdunensium, mosquensis, monacensis, veneti, neapolitani, et editionum fidem recensuerunt, , Vol. II, Hahniano, 1838.
  • Ramsay, William M., “The Graeco–Roman Civilisation in Pisidia”, JHS 4 (1883), s. 23–45.
  • Ramsay, William M., “Artemis–Leto and Apollo–Lairbenos”, JHS 10 (1889), s. 216–230.
  • Rose, Herbert J., “De Telesphore au 'moine bourru'. Dieux, genies et demons encapuchonnes. [Collection Latomus XXI]. By W. Deonna. Pp. 167. Brussels: Latomus, 1955”, JHS 76 (1956), s. 150.
  • Sevin, Necla A., “Antik Çağ ve Sonrasında Cıva–Zencefre Kullanımı ve Neikaia Kenti”, Arkeolojiyle Geçen Bir Yaşam İçin Yazılar, Veli Sevin’e Armağan, A. Özfırat (Ed.), Ege Yayınları, (2014), s. 363–375.
  • Sezer, S. Sezin, “Bolu Müzesi’nden Bir Grup Heykeltıraşlık Eseri/A Group Of Sculpture Works From The Bolu Museum”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi/The Journal of International Social Research, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 32/Volume: 7, Issue: 32 (2014), s. 404–424.
  • Sheppard, Anne, “Proclus' Attitude to Theurgy”, The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 1 (1982), s. 212–224.
  • Şahin, Mustafa ve Taşlıalan, Mehmet, “Smyrna Agorası Heykeltraşlık Buluntuları”, 1. Uluslararası Smyrna Sempozyumu, 21–23 Temmuz 2003, İzmir, 2003. TMMAB, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New York, 1977.
  • Tonini, T. Alfieri, “Il Culto di Asclepio e Igea in Tracia: Il Caso Singolare di Pautalia e Dintorni,” Culti e Miti Greci in Aree Periferiche, Aristonothos, Scritti per il Mediterraneo Antico, Vol. 6, (2012), s. 219–229.
  • Toynbee, Jocelyn M. C., “W. Deonna, De Télesphore au ‘Moine Bourru’, Dieux, Génies, et Démons Encapuchonnés, Latomus, Vol. XXI, Brussels, 1955”, JRS, Vol. 46, Parts 1 and 2 (1956), s. 180–182.
  • Türkmen, Hafize, Ö., “Tarihsel Olarak Kadın Şifacılık ve Tıbbın Değerleri”, Lokman Hekim Journal 1 (2), (2011), s. 21–27.
  • Ünal, Erdal, “Usak Arkeoloji Müzesi’ndeki Kotiaion Sikkeleri”, KOU Fen–Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, Sayı 1 (2008), s. 123–130.
  • Varga Timea, “Telesphorus. A healing child god in Roman Dacia”, Studia Universitatis Babeș–Bolyai. Historia, 60/1, 2016, s. 17–40.
  • Waele, Ferdinand J., “The Sanctuary of Asklepios and Hygieia at Corinth”, AJA 37, No. 3 (1933), s. 417–451.
  • Weisser, Bernhard, “Asklepios auf antiken Münzen in Epidauros, Athen und Pergamon”, Wunderheilungen in der Antike,Von Asklepios zu Felix Medicus, Oberhausen (2006), s. 62–81.
  • Wiseman, James ve Mano–Zissi Djordje, “Excavations at Stobi, 1970”, AJA, Vol. 75, No. 4 (1971), s. 395–411.
  • Wiseman, James ve Mano–Zissi Djordje, “Excavations at Stobi, 1973–1974”, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 1, No. 1/2 (1974), s. 117–148.
  • Wroth, Warwick, “Telesphoros”, JHS 3, (1882), s. 283–300.
  • Wroth, Warwick, “A Statue of the Youthful Asklepios”, JHS 4, (1883), s. 46–52.
  • Wunderlich, Silvia A., “Greek Art and Greek Medicine”, Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. 32 (3), (1944), s. 324–331.
  • Yaraş, Ahmet, “Telesphoros Heykeli (Edirne Müzesi 1148)”, Mustafa Büyükkolancı’ya Armağan, C. Şimşek, B. Duman, E. Konakçı (Ed.), Ege Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015, s. 723–728.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ORIGIN OF TELESPHOROS

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 18, 53 - 67, 25.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.597882

Abstract

In
another publication I made a contribution to the Asklepios group found in
Yelten, Antalya in 2009, where the focus was upon the Asklepios which belongs to
a special group of sculptures, because of the eggs he held, and only a brief description
was given of the caped small Telesphoros figure next to it. The information obtained
from the study of these two examples in the Antalya Museum is briefly examined
in this study through making use of the current findings and references in
order to contribute to the thesis concerning if Telesphoros is of Anatolian or
of Celtic origin. The ideas concerning the Telesphoros figure, that Celtic culture
carried it over the Balkans into Phrygia, and the ideas concerning this child–god's
cult in Pergamon were compared. While sampling by means of the finds, the
iconographic interactions with the Genius Cucullatus figures were also questioned.
In consequence, it was concluded that there is no certain evidence of
interactions from the current data and that Telesphoros owns its own iconography
to Pergamon.

References

  • Aelius Aristides, The Complete Works, Vol. 1, Orationes I-XVI, C. A. Behr (Çev.), Leiden, 1986.
  • Antal, Adriana, “Risus, Cucullatus, Venus. Divine Protectors and Protective Divinities of Childhood in Dacia and Pannonia”, Historia, Vol. 61, Nr. 1, (2016), s. 1–16.
  • Atasoy, Sümer, “The Kocakızlar Tumulus”, AJA 78, No. 3 (1974), s. 255–263.
  • Baykan, Daniş, "Allianoi’dan Sağlık Kültüne İlişkin Metal Buluntu Örnekleri". MASROP E–Dergi 13 (2019), s. 1–15.
  • Baran, D., “Greek Physicians and Medical Emancipation of the Romanian Lands”, Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Vol. 6 (51), (2009), s. 39–46.
  • Beatty, William K., “Some Medical Aspects Of Greek and Roman Coins”, Medical Numismatic Notes XV, Vol. 50, No. 1, (1974), s. 85–95.
  • Bonanome, Daniela, ““Telesforo E Le Divinità Salutari A Grottaferrata. Indagine Sul Piccolo Dio “Cucullatus””, Humanitas Studi Per Patrizia Sefarin, A. Serra (Ed.), Roma (2015), s. 23–70.
  • Burr, Thompson D., “The Terracotta Figurines”, Hesperia, Vol. 2, No. 2, The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: First Report (1933), s. 184–194.
  • Davidson, Hilda E., “Myths and Symbols in Religion and Folklore”, Folklore, Vol. 100, No. 2 (1989), s. 131–142.
  • Demirer, Ünal ve Yaraş, Ahmet, “Yelten Asklepiosu”, Seleucia ad Calycadnum VI (2016), s. 45–59.
  • Deonna, Waldemar, De Télesphore au «moine bourru». Dieux, génies et démons encapuchonnés, Latomus, XXI, Berchem–Bruxelles, 1955.
  • Deonna, Waldemar, “Télesphore et le «genius cucullatus» celtique”, Société d'Études Latines de Bruxelles, Latomus, T. 14, Fasc. 1 (Janvier–Mars 1955), s. 43–74.
  • Dontcheva, Ivanka, “Le syncrétisme d’sclépios avec le Cavalier Thrace”, Kernos 15 (2002), s. 317–324.
  • Drew–Bear, Thomas., Thomas, Christine M., Yıldızturan, Melek, Phrygian Votive Steles, The Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara, 1999.
  • Goldberg, D. Martin, “Fertile Imaginations: Pastoralist Production and a New Interpretation of a Roman Period Relief Sculpture from Bath”, TRAC 2005: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Birmingham 2005., B. Croxford, H. Goodchild, J. Lucas, Ray, N. (eds.), Oxford (2006), s. 83–98.
  • Ehling, Kay, “Ein Reitender Telesphoros”, Epigraphica Anatolica 38 (2005), s. 159–164.
  • Hitzig, Walter H., “Langzeitverlauf von Krankheiten im Kindesalter”, Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, 135/2 (1990), s. 73–88.
  • İAMRR, İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri Resimli Rehberi, İstanbul, 1966.
  • Johnston, Sarah I., “Riders in the Sky: Cavalier Gods and Theurgic Salvation in the Second Century A.D”, Classical Philology, Vol. 87, No. 4 (1992), s. 303–321.
  • Kampen, N. Boymel, “The Art of Soldiers on a Roman Frontier: Style and the Antonine wall”, The Art of Citizens, Soldiers and Freedmen in the Roman World, E. D'Ambra, G. P. R. Métraux (Eds.), BAR 1526, (2006), s. 125–134.
  • Konstantinos, Moschakis, Healing Gods: The Cult of Apollo Iatros, Asclepius and Hygieia in the Black Sea Region, MA Dissertation Thesis, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, 2013.
  • La Fragola, Alessandra, “Il Dio Sfuggente”, Archeo 2015/3, Sardegna, (2015), s. 56–65.
  • Laurence, Karen A., Roman Infrastructural Changes to Greek Sanctuaries and Games: Panhellenism in the Roman Empire, Formations of New Identities, PhD Dissertation Thesis of Classical Art and Archaeology, University of Michigan, 2012.
  • Özoral, Fatma, “Kutludüğün Heykelcikleri”, TAD XXVI–1 (1982), s. 1–10.
  • Panagiotidou, Olympia, “The Asklepios Cult: Where Brains, Minds, and Bodies Interact with the World, Creating New Realities”, JCH 1.1, (2014), s. 14–23.
  • Pausanias, Descriptio Graeciae: Ad codd. mss. parisinorum, vindobonensium, florentinorum, romanorum, lugdunensium, mosquensis, monacensis, veneti, neapolitani, et editionum fidem recensuerunt, , Vol. II, Hahniano, 1838.
  • Ramsay, William M., “The Graeco–Roman Civilisation in Pisidia”, JHS 4 (1883), s. 23–45.
  • Ramsay, William M., “Artemis–Leto and Apollo–Lairbenos”, JHS 10 (1889), s. 216–230.
  • Rose, Herbert J., “De Telesphore au 'moine bourru'. Dieux, genies et demons encapuchonnes. [Collection Latomus XXI]. By W. Deonna. Pp. 167. Brussels: Latomus, 1955”, JHS 76 (1956), s. 150.
  • Sevin, Necla A., “Antik Çağ ve Sonrasında Cıva–Zencefre Kullanımı ve Neikaia Kenti”, Arkeolojiyle Geçen Bir Yaşam İçin Yazılar, Veli Sevin’e Armağan, A. Özfırat (Ed.), Ege Yayınları, (2014), s. 363–375.
  • Sezer, S. Sezin, “Bolu Müzesi’nden Bir Grup Heykeltıraşlık Eseri/A Group Of Sculpture Works From The Bolu Museum”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi/The Journal of International Social Research, Cilt: 7, Sayı: 32/Volume: 7, Issue: 32 (2014), s. 404–424.
  • Sheppard, Anne, “Proclus' Attitude to Theurgy”, The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 1 (1982), s. 212–224.
  • Şahin, Mustafa ve Taşlıalan, Mehmet, “Smyrna Agorası Heykeltraşlık Buluntuları”, 1. Uluslararası Smyrna Sempozyumu, 21–23 Temmuz 2003, İzmir, 2003. TMMAB, The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New York, 1977.
  • Tonini, T. Alfieri, “Il Culto di Asclepio e Igea in Tracia: Il Caso Singolare di Pautalia e Dintorni,” Culti e Miti Greci in Aree Periferiche, Aristonothos, Scritti per il Mediterraneo Antico, Vol. 6, (2012), s. 219–229.
  • Toynbee, Jocelyn M. C., “W. Deonna, De Télesphore au ‘Moine Bourru’, Dieux, Génies, et Démons Encapuchonnés, Latomus, Vol. XXI, Brussels, 1955”, JRS, Vol. 46, Parts 1 and 2 (1956), s. 180–182.
  • Türkmen, Hafize, Ö., “Tarihsel Olarak Kadın Şifacılık ve Tıbbın Değerleri”, Lokman Hekim Journal 1 (2), (2011), s. 21–27.
  • Ünal, Erdal, “Usak Arkeoloji Müzesi’ndeki Kotiaion Sikkeleri”, KOU Fen–Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, Sayı 1 (2008), s. 123–130.
  • Varga Timea, “Telesphorus. A healing child god in Roman Dacia”, Studia Universitatis Babeș–Bolyai. Historia, 60/1, 2016, s. 17–40.
  • Waele, Ferdinand J., “The Sanctuary of Asklepios and Hygieia at Corinth”, AJA 37, No. 3 (1933), s. 417–451.
  • Weisser, Bernhard, “Asklepios auf antiken Münzen in Epidauros, Athen und Pergamon”, Wunderheilungen in der Antike,Von Asklepios zu Felix Medicus, Oberhausen (2006), s. 62–81.
  • Wiseman, James ve Mano–Zissi Djordje, “Excavations at Stobi, 1970”, AJA, Vol. 75, No. 4 (1971), s. 395–411.
  • Wiseman, James ve Mano–Zissi Djordje, “Excavations at Stobi, 1973–1974”, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 1, No. 1/2 (1974), s. 117–148.
  • Wroth, Warwick, “Telesphoros”, JHS 3, (1882), s. 283–300.
  • Wroth, Warwick, “A Statue of the Youthful Asklepios”, JHS 4, (1883), s. 46–52.
  • Wunderlich, Silvia A., “Greek Art and Greek Medicine”, Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. 32 (3), (1944), s. 324–331.
  • Yaraş, Ahmet, “Telesphoros Heykeli (Edirne Müzesi 1148)”, Mustafa Büyükkolancı’ya Armağan, C. Şimşek, B. Duman, E. Konakçı (Ed.), Ege Yayınları, İstanbul, 2015, s. 723–728.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ünal Demirer

Publication Date July 25, 2019
Submission Date May 8, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Demirer, Ü. (2019). TELESPHOROS’UN KÖKEN SORUNU. Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(18), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.33207/trkede.597882