-

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine effect of teachers’ idealism and relativism value orientations to their preference for whistle-blowing. Sample was included 277 teachers work at public secondary schools in Marmara region in Turkey. 62% was women and 38% was men. The data was collected through two scales; ‘Attitudes to different types of whistle-blowing questionnaire’ and ‘Ethic Position Questionnaire’. Results revealed that the teachers have idealism more than relativism, and they prefer internal and identified whistle-blowing. The hypothesis related to external whistle-blowing could not be tested. Results revealed that there was no relationship between idealism and relativism and preference of anonymous whistleblowing. Most studies examining whistle-blowing have been conducted in Western cultures. Some authors emphasized to the importance of studying whistle-blowing in the other cultures. Thus, this paper aimed to contribute to the extant literature by choosing Turkey and education context

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Corruption, teacher, value orientation, whistle-blowing

Öğretmenlerin Farklı Bilgi Uçurma Tercihlerinde Belirleyici Olan Değer Yönelimleri

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı öğretmenlerin idealizm ve görecelik etik değere sahip olma düzeyinin bilgi uçurma (whistle-blowing) tercihlerine etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmaya Türkiye’de Marmara bölgesindeki kamu orta öğretim okullarında görev yapmakta olan 277 öğretmen örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Katılımcıların %62’si kadın, %38’i erkektir. Araştırma için veri ‘Farklı Türde Bilgi Uçurma Tutumları Anketi’ ve ‘Etik Durum Ölçeği’ ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin idealizm etik değere, görecelikten daha yüksek düzeyde sahip olduğu; içe ve kimliğini açıklayarak bilgi uçurmayı tercih ettiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada dışa bilgi uçurmaya yönelik geliştirilen hipotezler test edilememiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, idealizm ve görecelik etik değerin anonim bilgi uçurma tercihi ile ilişkisinin bulunmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bilgi uçurma konusunda genelde Batı kültürlerinde araştırma yapılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu tür çalışmaların diğer kültürlerde de yapılması gereği özelikle bazı araştırmacılar tarafından vurgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın hem Türkiye’de gerçekleşmiş olması, hem de eğitim alanını incelemesi bakımından alan yazına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilgi uçurma, değer yönelimi, öğretmen, yolsuzluk

Kaynakça

1. Aktifhaber (2007). Müdürü Şikâyet Eden Öğretmen Sürüldü. Retrieved: November 5, 2011, from www.aktifhaber.com.
2. Büyüköztürk, /2004). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. 4. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
3. CHA (2013). Erdoğan: Tencere tavacları yargıya taşıyın. Retrieved October 18, 2013, from http://www.haberler.com/erdogan-tencere-ve-tavacilari-yargiya-tasiyin-4850961-haberi/
4. DHA (2010). Tacizi şikayet eden kadın öğretmen sürüldü. Retrieved August 30, 2010, from http://gundem.milliyet.com.tr/cinsel-tacizi-sikayet-eden-kadin-ogretmen- suruldu/gundem/gundemdetay/30.08.2010/1282838/default.htm
5. Dozier, J. B. ve Miceli, M.P. (1985). Potential Predictors of Whistle-Blowing: A Prosocial Behavior Perspective. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 823-836.
6. Forsyth, D. R., ve Nye, L. (1990). Personal moral philosophies and moral choice. Journal of Research in Personality, 24, 398–414.
7. Forsyth, D. R. (1992). Judging the morality of business practices: The influence of personal moral philosophies. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(5/6), 461–470.
8. Gökçe, A.T. (2013a). Relationship between whistle-blowing and job satisfaction and organizational loyalty at schools in Turkey. Educational Research and Reviews, 8(14), 1186-1197.

9. Gökçe, A.T. (2013b). Teachers’ value orientations as determinants of preference for external and anonymous whistleblowing. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(4), 163-173
10. Gökçe, A.T. (2013c). Prospective teachers’ attitudes toward whistle-blowing according to type of intelligence. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences (MJSS), 4 (4). 11-23. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n4p11.
11. Gökçe, A.T. (2013d). Awareness and ethical orientation of alternatively certified prospective teachers to intention for whistle blowing. Educational Research and Reviews, 8(9), 506-518.
12. Gundlach, M. J., Douglas, S. C. and Martinko, M. J. (2003). The Decision to Blow the Whistle: A Social Information Processing Framework. Academy of Management Review, 28 (1), 107–123.
13. İnternethaber (2013). Erdoğan'ıdinleyip şikayet etti. Retrieved October 13, 2013, from http://www.internethaber.com/erdogani-dinleyip-sikayet-etti-573827h.htm
14. Karaman, H., Özek, A., Dönmez, İ.K., Çağrıcı, M., Gümüş, Ş., Turgut, A. (2002). Kur’an-ı KerimAçıklamalı Meali. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.
15. Liyanarachchi, G., Newdick, C. (2009). The Impact of moral reasoning and retaliation on whistle-blowing: New Zealand evidence. Journal of Business Ethics, 89, 37–57.
16. Lurie, Y. ve Albin, R. (2006). Moral dilemmas in business ethics: From decision procedures to edifying perspectives. Journal of Business Ethics, 71, 195–207.
17. Keenan, J.P., (2002). Comparing Indian and American Managers on Whistleblowing. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 14, 79-89.
18. Miceli, M. P. andve Near, J. P. (1985). Characteristics of Organizational Climate and Perceived Wrongdoing Associated with Whistleblowing Decisions. Personnel Psychology, 38 (3), 525-544.
19. Miceli, M. P. Near, J. P., Schwenk, C. R. (1991). Who Blows the Whistle and Why? Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 45 (1), 113-130.
20. Miceli, M. P., Near, J. P. (1994). Relationships among Value Congruence, Perceived Victimization, and Retaliation against Whistleblowers: The Case of Internal Auditors’. J. Management, 20, 773–794.
21. Miceli, M. P., Rehg, M., Near, J. P. and Ryan, K. C. (1999). Can Laws Protect Whistle-Blowers? Results of a Naturally Occurring Field Experiment. Work and Occupations, 26, 129–151.
22. Miceli, M. P. Scotter, J. R. V., Near, J.P., and Rehg, M.T. (2001). Individual Differences and Whistle-blowing. Academy of Management Proceedings. 1-6.
23. Nayir, D. Z., Herzig, C. (2012). Value orientations as determinants of preference for external and anonymous whistleblowing. J Bus Ethics, 107, 197–213.
24. Near, J.P. ve Miceli, M.P. (1985). Organizational Dissidence: The Case of Whistle-Blowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 4, (1), 1-16
25. Near, J.P., Rehg, M.T., Scotter, J.R.V., Miceli, M.P. (2004). Does type of wrongdoing affect the whistleblowing process? Business Ethics Quarterly, 14( 2), 219-242.
26. Ohnishi, K., Hayama, Y., Asai, A. ve Kosugi, S. (2008). The process of whistleblowing in a Japanese psychiatric hospital, Nursing Ethics, 15, 5.
27. Park, H., Blenkinsopp, J., Oktem, M. K., Omurgonulsen, U. (2008). Cultural Orientation and Attitudes Toward Different Forms of Whistleblowing: A Comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 929–939.
28. Rhodes, R, Strain JJ. (2004) Whistleblowing in academic medicine. J Med Ethics, 30, 35-39
29. Robinson, S. L., ve Bennett, R. J. (1995) A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 555-572.
30. Rogojan, P. (2009). Deviant Workplace Behavior in Organizations: Antecedents, Influences, and Remedies. Master Thesis. Retrieved September 22, 2010, from :http://othes.univie.ac.at/
31. Tavakoli, A. A., Keenan, J.P., Crnjak-Karanovic, B. (2003). Culture and whistleblowing an empirical study of Croatian and United States managers utilizing Hofstede's cultural dimensions. Journal of Business Ethics, 43 (1-2), 49.
32. Tepav, (2006). Bir olgu olarak yolsuzluk: Nedenler, etkiler ve Çözüm önerileri. Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı Yayınları. Ankara.
33. Transparency International. (2011). Global corruption barometer. Retrieved September 28, 2012, from http://www.transparency.org.
34. Vinten, G. (1996). Whistleblowing in the health-related professions. The Indian Journal of Medical Ethics. Retrieved January 01, 2011, from http://www.issuesinmedicalethics.org
35. Woiceshyn, J. (2011). A Model for Ethical Decision Making in Business: Reasoning, Intuition, and Rational Moral Principles. J Bus Ethics, 104, 311–323.
36. Yazıcı, A. and Yazıcı, S. (2010). A study of the relaibility and validity of ethics position questionnaire. Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences. 8(4), 1001-1017.
37. Zhang, J., Chiu, R., Wei, L. (2009). Decision-Making Process of Internal Whistleblowing Behavior in China: Empirical Evidence and Implications, Journal of Business Ethics 88, 25–41.
38. Milliyet (2010). İzmir’de yolsuzluk
39. operasyonu. Retriewed October 10, 2011 from
40. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/cinsel-tacizi-sikayet-eden-kadin-ogretmen
41. suruldu/turkiye/sondakika/30.08.2010/1282834/default.htm
42. DHA, (2012). Okul müdürüne 'yolsuzluk' suçlaması. Retrieved October 10, 2013, from http://www.haberekspres.com.tr/okul-mudurune-yolsuzluk-suclamasi-h29598.html
43. Usakhabermerkezi (2013). Sivaslı ilçesi Milli eğitimdeki yolsuzluk ve rüşvet iddiaları ile çalkalanıyor. Retrieved October 10, 2013, from http://www.usakhabermerkezi.com/egitim-ogretim/sivasli-ilcesi-milli-egitimdeki-yolsuzluk-ve- rusvet-iddialari-ile-calkalaniyor-h6907.html
44. Milliyet (2013). Okul müdürü cinsel tacizden tutuklandı. Retrieved October 10, 2013, from http://gundem.milliyet.com.tr/okul-mudurune-cinsel-taciz- gozaltisi/gundem/gundemdetay/03.04.2013/1688966/default.htm