The Review of International and National Efforts to Foster Inclusive Education: Implications of Teacher Education

Abstract

Inclusion and diversity have recently been among the significant concerns of the countries, and education of all children equally with their physical, mental, emotional, and social diversities in inclusive settings are topical issues in many countries. This article aims to display the efforts to foster inclusion in international and national contexts and discuss the implications of these efforts. As the examined literature and current efforts indicated, inclusive education has flourished and been supported in recent years, especially in European and American schools, due to the efforts put in for about a century. As a natural reflection of these efforts, teacher education in many countries has also been reframed, considering the notion of inclusiveness. In Turkey, the issue of inclusion has been documented through regulations for many decades; however, only in recent years has worthwhile attention been given by policymakers, educational researchers, and practitioners.

Keywords

• inclusion
• diversity
• inclusive education
• special education
• Kaynaştırma
• farklılıklar
• kapsayıcı eğitim
• özel eğitim

Kapsayıcı Eğitimi Teşvik Edici Uluslararası ve Ulusal Çabaların İncelenmesi: Öğretmen Eğitimi Üzerine Çıkarımlar

Abstract

Kapsayıcılık ve farklılıklar; tüm çocukların fiziksel, zihinsel, duygusal ve sosyal farklılıklarıyla eşit şekilde eğitim görmesi son yıllarda ülkelerin gündeminde olan en mühim konular arasındadır. Bu makale, uluslararası ve ulusal bağlamlarda kapsayıcılığı -diğer bir ifadeyle kaynaştırmayı- teşvik etme konusunda atılan adımları incelemeyi ve bu çabaların sonuçlarını tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. İlgili alan yazın ve kaynaştırma konusunda yapılanlar incelendiğinde, kaynaştırmanın Avrupa ve Amerika okullarında yaklaşık bir asırdır gösterilen çabalar sayesinde daha etkili bir şekilde uygulanmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Bu çabaların doğal bir yansıması olarak, birçok ülkede öğretmen eğitimi de kapsayıcılık çerçevesinde yeniden şekillendirilmiştir. Türkiye'de kaynaştırma, onlarca yıldır yönetmeliklerle desteklenmiştir; ancak, yalnızca son yıllarda politika yapıcılar, eğitim araştırmacıları ve uygulayıcılar tarafından konuya kayda değer bir ilgi gösterilmiştir.

Keywords

• Kaynaştırma
• farklılıklar
• kapsayıcı eğitim
• özel eğitim

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