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An Intermediary of Social Solidarity and Public Social Responsibility in Times of Disaster: Telethon Broadcasting

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 18 - Disaster Management and Media, 630 - 651, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1274578

Abstract

As a result of two major earthquakes that occurred in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023 and affected the northern cities of Syria along with the nine provinces around it, tens of thousands of people lost their lives and billions of dollars of property damage occurred. Ten days after the earthquake, within the scope of the normalization process, in order to support the people affected by the earthquake, a donation night called Turkey One Heart was organized with the joint broadcast of many national channels in Turkey, and at the end of the night, a significant amount of donations in kind and in cash were collected. This success of the donation night has been on the agenda of the public for a long time and has drawn attention to this program format, which is known as "telethon" in the literature. When the existing literature is examined, it is seen that the studies on telethon broadcasting are extremely limited. In this context, in this study, which is the first research on telethon broadcasting among academic studies in Turkey, the history of telethon, important telethon examples in the world and in Turkey, criticisms of telethon broadcasting in general and basic empirical studies on telethon broadcasting, which have been carried out in limited numbers from past to present were compiled. Therefore, the aim of this study is to give an idea to the researchers who want to study about telethon broadcasting and to contribute to the literature.

References

  • Akşam. (2020). Acun Ilıcalı son rakamı açıkladı! Elazığ için ne kadar para toplandı? https:// www.aksam.com.tr/magazin/acun-ilicali-son-rakami-acikladi-elazig-icin- ne-kadar-para-toplandi/haber-1040391 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • Baldó, M. D., Joye, S., & Maeseele, P. (2012). Audience motivations to donate: The case of the Catalan teleton La Marató de TV3. Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 4(1), 57-71.
  • Batey, N. (2023). Turkish broadcasters set to simulcast live TV teleton for earthquake victims. https://www.c21media.net/news/turkish-broadcasters-set-to-simulcast- live-tv-teleton-for-earthquake-victims/ (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • Bauder, D. (2001). Tv benefit collects over $150 million. https://www.washingtonpost. com/archive/lifestyle/2001/09/25/tv-benefit-collects-over-150-million/ fc429fd2-fee7-4337-bac5-f2eff2aa1f0e/ (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2023).
  • BBC News Türkçe. (2023). 6 Şubat'taki depremlerde can kaybı 50 bin 96'ya yükseldi. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c51kdv8d15jo (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2023).
  • Billdoard. (2023). Katrina teleton, benefit totals roll in. https://www.billboard.com/music/ music-news/katrina-teleton-benefit-totals-roll-in-61453/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • Cambridge Dictionay. (2023). Teleton. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ teleton (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2023).
  • Charlesworth, D. (2016). Stand Up to Cancer 2012 and 2014: The medical teleton as UK public service broadcasting in a neoliberal age. Critical Studies in Television, 11(2), 217-229.
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2006). The spectatorship of suffering. Sage.
  • CNN Türk. (2011). Türkiye Tek Yürek Oldu. https://www.cnnturk.com/guncel/turkiye- tek-yurek-oldu (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • CNN Türk. (2023a). Omuz Omuza kampanyasında ne kadar bağış toplandı? Bağış miktarı ne kadar? Kaç para toplandı? https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/ omuz-omuza-yardim-kampanyasinda-ne-kadar-bagis-toplandi-bagis-miktari-ne-kadar-kac-para-toplandi (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2023).
  • CNN Türk. (2023b). Türkiye Tek Yürek olmuştu: Bağış şovu yapıp parayı ödemediler! İfşa edilecekler... https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/turkiye-tek-yurek-olmustu- bagis-sovu-yapip-parayi-odemediler-ifsa-edilecekler (Erişim Tarihi:26.03.2023).
  • Davis, M. H. (1983). Empathic concern and the muscular dystrophy teleton: Empathy as a multidimensional construct. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(2), 223-229.
  • Devereux, E. (1996). Good causes, God's poor and teleton television. Media, Culture & Society, 18(1), 47-68.
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (2001). “Seeing the Disabled: Visual Rhetorics of Disability in Popular Photogra- phy.” The New Disability History: American Perspec- tives. Ed. Paul K. Longmore and Lauri Umansky. New York: New York UP, 2001. 335–74.
  • Halk Tv. (2023). 'Bir Kira Bir Yuva Halk Dayanışması' amacına ulaştı: Türkiye’ye umut oldu. https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/halk-tv-ekranlarinda-buyuk-bulusma-telefonlar- kilitlendi-720668h (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • History.com. (2023). Live Aid concert raises $127 million for famine relief in Africa. https:// www.history.com/this-day-in-history/live-aid-concert (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • Jin, B. (2014). Disaster handling through volunteering and charitable donation: The roles of South Korean teleton, involvement, and collective-efficacy. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 1(3), 203-216.
  • Jin, B., & Kim, S. (2014). Teleton viewing, social capital, and community participation in South Korea. Communication Quarterly, 62(3), 253-268.
  • Kassel, M. (2023). Teleton. https://web.archive.org/web/20081017140315/http://www.Cilt 8 / Sayı 18 / Mayıs 2023 museum.tv/archives/etv/T/htmlT/teleton/teleton.htm (Erişim Tarihi:17.03.2023).
  • Kyriakidou, M. (2011). Watching the pain of others: Audience discourses of distant suffering in Greece Doctoral dissertation. London School of Economics and Political Science.
  • Londino, L. J. (1978). A Descriptive Analysis of" The Jerry Lewis Labor Day Teleton For Muscular Dystrophy". Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi. University of Michigan.
  • Longmore, P. K. (1997). “Conspicuous contribution and American cultural dilemmas: Teleton rituals of cleansing and renewal,” in David T. Mitchell and Sharon L. Snyder, (Eds.), The Body and Physical Difference: Discourses of Disability, (pp. 135–36). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Longmore, P. K. (2005). The cultural framing of disability: Teletons as a case study. PMLA, 120(2), 502-508.
  • Longmore, P. K. (2015). Teletons: Spectacle, disability, and the business of charity. Oxford University Press.
  • McAlister, E. (2012). Soundscapes of disaster and humanitarianism: Survival singing, relief teletons, and the Haiti earthquake. Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism, 16(339), 22-38.
  • Messer, S., and Stingley, M. (2017). 'Hand in Hand' teleton raises more than $44 million for hurricane survivors. https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/ hand-hand-teleton-raises-14-million-hour-hurricane/story?id=49807578(Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2023).
  • Muscular Dystrophy Association. (2023). About us. https://www.mda.org/about-mda/history (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • Perry, N. (1985). Common Coinage-Teleton and Cultural Criticism in New Zealand. Journal of Popular Culture, 19(2), 137.
  • Sayar, H. G. A. (2010). Televizyon programlarında Sosyal Sorumluluk. Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi. Marmara Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
  • Silverman, W. K., Robertson, S. J., Middlebrook, J. L., & Drabman, R. S. (1984). An investigation of pledging behavior to a national charitable teleton. Behavior Therapy, 15(3), 304-311.
  • Silverstone, R. (2013). Media and morality: On the rise of the mediapolis. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Smit, C. R. (2003). " Please call now, before it's too late": Spectacle discourse in the Jerry Lewis muscular dystrophy teleton. Journal of Popular Culture, 36(4), 687- 703.
  • Sokolov, A. V. (2015). Russian political crowdfunding. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 23(2), 117-149.
  • TEGV. (2023). Tarihçe. https://tegv.org/tarihce#:~:text=2001%2021-23%20Nisan% E2%80%99da%20%E2%80%9CGelecek%20i%C3%A7in%2023%20 saat%E2%80%9D%20ad%C4%B1yla%2C,%C3%96zdilek%20%28%C5%9Eifo% 20Mehmet%29%20j%C3%BCbilesini%20yaparak%20gelirini%20TEGV% E2%80%99e%20ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9Fl%C4%B1yor. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • Teleton7. (2023). The history of teleton. https://www.teleton7.com/about/history (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • Thomas, C. (2020). 'Now let's go live to the Mullingar one-legged race': Whatever happened to the RTÉ People in Need Teleton? https://www.thejournal.ie/nowlets- go-live-to-the-mullingar-one-legged-race-a-look-back-at-the-peoplein- need-teleton-5118108-Jun2020/ (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • TİAK. (2022). Tiak televizyon izleyici ölçümü / 2022 izleme davranışları. https://tiak.com.tr/duyurular/tiak-televizyon-izleyici-olcumu-2022-izleme-davranislari&- no=1 (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2023).
  • TRT Haber. (2017). Dünyayı sarsan olaylar-Katrina Kasırgası. https://www.trthaber.com/ haber/dunya/dunyayi-sarsan-olaylar-katrina-kasirgasi-336485.html (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2023).
  • TRT Haber. (2023a). DSÖ: Türkiye'deki depremler yüzyılın en kötü doğal afeti. https:// www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/dso-turkiyedeki-depremler-yuzyilin- en-kotu-dogal-afeti-746196.html (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2023).
  • TRT Haber. (2023b). "Türkiye Tek Yürek" kampanyasında rekor bağış toplandı. https:// www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/turkiye-tek-yurek-kampanyasinda- rekor-bagis-toplandi-746649.html#:~:text=%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20 Tek%20Y%C3%BCrek%20Kampanyas%C4%B1%20Ortak,1%20milyar%20 lira%20ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F%20topland%C4%B1. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2023).
  • TRT Haber. (2023c). Hollanda'dan Türkiye'ye yardım kampanyası: Bağış miktarı 89 milyon euroya yaklaştı. https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/hollandadan- turkiyeye-yardim-kampanyasi-bagis-miktari-89-milyon-euroya-yaklasti- 746642.html (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2023).
  • TJMO. (2023). 17 Ağustos 1999 Marmara depremi yıldönümü basın açıklaması. https:// www.jmo.org.tr/genel/bizden_detay.php?kod=9121&tipi=3&sube=2&subesi= (Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2023).
  • Turner, D. M. (2017). Teletons: spectacle, disability and the business of charity. Disability & Society, 32(6), 935-936.
  • TÜSEV. (2018). Bir kaynak geliştirme modeli olarak teleton. https://degisimicinbagis.org/ bir-kaynak-gelistirme-modeli-olarak-teleton/ (Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2023).
  • UAE. (2023). Sharjah teleton raises Dh15.6m for Turkey-Syria earthquake relief efforts. https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/2023/02/17/sharjah-teleton-raises- dh156m-for-turkey-syria-earthquake-relief-efforts/ (Erişim Tarihi: 19.03.2023).
  • UNCDD. (2023). Birleşmiş Milletler çölleşme ile mücadele sözleşmesi (UNCCD). https:// www.tarimorman.gov.tr/ABDGM/Belgeler/Uluslararas%C4%B1%20Kurulu% C5%9Flar/UNCCD%20Tr.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2023).
  • UNICEF. (2007). Annual report 2003. Unicef. Willard, J. (2011). First teleton was held in 1949. https://www.reporterherald. com/2011/09/04/first-teleton-was-held-in-1949/ (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2023).
  • Zewde, B., Yntiso, G., & Berhanu, K. (2010). Contribution of the Ethiopian diaspora to peace- building: a case study of the Tigrai Development Association (No. 8). [University of Jyväskylä], Diaspeace Project.

Afet Dönemlerinde Toplumsal Dayanışmanın Bir Aracısı: Teleton Yayıncılığı

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 18 - Disaster Management and Media, 630 - 651, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1274578

Abstract

6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş’ta meydana gelen ve çevresindeki dokuz il ile birlikte Suriye’nin kuzey şehirlerini etkileyen iki büyük deprem sonucunda, on binlerce insan hayatını kaybetmiş ve milyarlarca dolarlık maddi hasar meydana gelmiştir. Depremden on gün sonra, normalleşme süreci kapsamında, depremden etkilenen insanlara destek olmak amacıyla, Türkiye’deki birçok ulusal kanalın ortak yayınıyla Türkiye Tek Yürek adında bir bağış gecesi düzenlenmiş ve gecenin sonunda önemli miktarda aynî ve nakdi bağış toplanmıştır. Bağış gecesinin bu başarısı uzun süre kamuoyunun gündemini oluşturmuş ve literatürde "telethon" olarak yer alan bu program formatına dikkatleri çekmiştir. Mevcut literatür incelendiğinde, telethon yayıncılığı üzerine gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların son derece sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda Türkiye'deki akademik çalışmalar içerisinde, telethon yayıncılığını ele alan ilk araştırma olan bu çalışmada telethonun tarihçesi, dünyada ve Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen önemli telethon örnekleri, genel olarak telethon yayıncılığına getirilen eleştiriler ve geçmişten günümüze sınırlı sayıda gerçekleştirilmiş olan telethon yayıncılığını konu alan temel ampirik çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmanın amacı, telethon yayıncılığı hakkında çalışma yapmak isteyen araştırmacılara bu konuda fikir vermek ve literatüre katkı sağlamaktır.

References

  • Akşam. (2020). Acun Ilıcalı son rakamı açıkladı! Elazığ için ne kadar para toplandı? https:// www.aksam.com.tr/magazin/acun-ilicali-son-rakami-acikladi-elazig-icin- ne-kadar-para-toplandi/haber-1040391 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • Baldó, M. D., Joye, S., & Maeseele, P. (2012). Audience motivations to donate: The case of the Catalan teleton La Marató de TV3. Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 4(1), 57-71.
  • Batey, N. (2023). Turkish broadcasters set to simulcast live TV teleton for earthquake victims. https://www.c21media.net/news/turkish-broadcasters-set-to-simulcast- live-tv-teleton-for-earthquake-victims/ (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • Bauder, D. (2001). Tv benefit collects over $150 million. https://www.washingtonpost. com/archive/lifestyle/2001/09/25/tv-benefit-collects-over-150-million/ fc429fd2-fee7-4337-bac5-f2eff2aa1f0e/ (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2023).
  • BBC News Türkçe. (2023). 6 Şubat'taki depremlerde can kaybı 50 bin 96'ya yükseldi. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c51kdv8d15jo (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2023).
  • Billdoard. (2023). Katrina teleton, benefit totals roll in. https://www.billboard.com/music/ music-news/katrina-teleton-benefit-totals-roll-in-61453/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • Cambridge Dictionay. (2023). Teleton. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ teleton (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2023).
  • Charlesworth, D. (2016). Stand Up to Cancer 2012 and 2014: The medical teleton as UK public service broadcasting in a neoliberal age. Critical Studies in Television, 11(2), 217-229.
  • Chouliaraki, L. (2006). The spectatorship of suffering. Sage.
  • CNN Türk. (2011). Türkiye Tek Yürek Oldu. https://www.cnnturk.com/guncel/turkiye- tek-yurek-oldu (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • CNN Türk. (2023a). Omuz Omuza kampanyasında ne kadar bağış toplandı? Bağış miktarı ne kadar? Kaç para toplandı? https://www.cnnturk.com/spor/futbol/ omuz-omuza-yardim-kampanyasinda-ne-kadar-bagis-toplandi-bagis-miktari-ne-kadar-kac-para-toplandi (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2023).
  • CNN Türk. (2023b). Türkiye Tek Yürek olmuştu: Bağış şovu yapıp parayı ödemediler! İfşa edilecekler... https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/turkiye-tek-yurek-olmustu- bagis-sovu-yapip-parayi-odemediler-ifsa-edilecekler (Erişim Tarihi:26.03.2023).
  • Davis, M. H. (1983). Empathic concern and the muscular dystrophy teleton: Empathy as a multidimensional construct. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(2), 223-229.
  • Devereux, E. (1996). Good causes, God's poor and teleton television. Media, Culture & Society, 18(1), 47-68.
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (2001). “Seeing the Disabled: Visual Rhetorics of Disability in Popular Photogra- phy.” The New Disability History: American Perspec- tives. Ed. Paul K. Longmore and Lauri Umansky. New York: New York UP, 2001. 335–74.
  • Halk Tv. (2023). 'Bir Kira Bir Yuva Halk Dayanışması' amacına ulaştı: Türkiye’ye umut oldu. https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/halk-tv-ekranlarinda-buyuk-bulusma-telefonlar- kilitlendi-720668h (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • History.com. (2023). Live Aid concert raises $127 million for famine relief in Africa. https:// www.history.com/this-day-in-history/live-aid-concert (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • Jin, B. (2014). Disaster handling through volunteering and charitable donation: The roles of South Korean teleton, involvement, and collective-efficacy. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 1(3), 203-216.
  • Jin, B., & Kim, S. (2014). Teleton viewing, social capital, and community participation in South Korea. Communication Quarterly, 62(3), 253-268.
  • Kassel, M. (2023). Teleton. https://web.archive.org/web/20081017140315/http://www.Cilt 8 / Sayı 18 / Mayıs 2023 museum.tv/archives/etv/T/htmlT/teleton/teleton.htm (Erişim Tarihi:17.03.2023).
  • Kyriakidou, M. (2011). Watching the pain of others: Audience discourses of distant suffering in Greece Doctoral dissertation. London School of Economics and Political Science.
  • Londino, L. J. (1978). A Descriptive Analysis of" The Jerry Lewis Labor Day Teleton For Muscular Dystrophy". Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi. University of Michigan.
  • Longmore, P. K. (1997). “Conspicuous contribution and American cultural dilemmas: Teleton rituals of cleansing and renewal,” in David T. Mitchell and Sharon L. Snyder, (Eds.), The Body and Physical Difference: Discourses of Disability, (pp. 135–36). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Longmore, P. K. (2005). The cultural framing of disability: Teletons as a case study. PMLA, 120(2), 502-508.
  • Longmore, P. K. (2015). Teletons: Spectacle, disability, and the business of charity. Oxford University Press.
  • McAlister, E. (2012). Soundscapes of disaster and humanitarianism: Survival singing, relief teletons, and the Haiti earthquake. Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism, 16(339), 22-38.
  • Messer, S., and Stingley, M. (2017). 'Hand in Hand' teleton raises more than $44 million for hurricane survivors. https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/ hand-hand-teleton-raises-14-million-hour-hurricane/story?id=49807578(Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2023).
  • Muscular Dystrophy Association. (2023). About us. https://www.mda.org/about-mda/history (Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2023).
  • Perry, N. (1985). Common Coinage-Teleton and Cultural Criticism in New Zealand. Journal of Popular Culture, 19(2), 137.
  • Sayar, H. G. A. (2010). Televizyon programlarında Sosyal Sorumluluk. Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi. Marmara Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. İstanbul.
  • Silverman, W. K., Robertson, S. J., Middlebrook, J. L., & Drabman, R. S. (1984). An investigation of pledging behavior to a national charitable teleton. Behavior Therapy, 15(3), 304-311.
  • Silverstone, R. (2013). Media and morality: On the rise of the mediapolis. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Smit, C. R. (2003). " Please call now, before it's too late": Spectacle discourse in the Jerry Lewis muscular dystrophy teleton. Journal of Popular Culture, 36(4), 687- 703.
  • Sokolov, A. V. (2015). Russian political crowdfunding. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 23(2), 117-149.
  • TEGV. (2023). Tarihçe. https://tegv.org/tarihce#:~:text=2001%2021-23%20Nisan% E2%80%99da%20%E2%80%9CGelecek%20i%C3%A7in%2023%20 saat%E2%80%9D%20ad%C4%B1yla%2C,%C3%96zdilek%20%28%C5%9Eifo% 20Mehmet%29%20j%C3%BCbilesini%20yaparak%20gelirini%20TEGV% E2%80%99e%20ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9Fl%C4%B1yor. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • Teleton7. (2023). The history of teleton. https://www.teleton7.com/about/history (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • Thomas, C. (2020). 'Now let's go live to the Mullingar one-legged race': Whatever happened to the RTÉ People in Need Teleton? https://www.thejournal.ie/nowlets- go-live-to-the-mullingar-one-legged-race-a-look-back-at-the-peoplein- need-teleton-5118108-Jun2020/ (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • TİAK. (2022). Tiak televizyon izleyici ölçümü / 2022 izleme davranışları. https://tiak.com.tr/duyurular/tiak-televizyon-izleyici-olcumu-2022-izleme-davranislari&- no=1 (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2023).
  • TRT Haber. (2017). Dünyayı sarsan olaylar-Katrina Kasırgası. https://www.trthaber.com/ haber/dunya/dunyayi-sarsan-olaylar-katrina-kasirgasi-336485.html (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2023).
  • TRT Haber. (2023a). DSÖ: Türkiye'deki depremler yüzyılın en kötü doğal afeti. https:// www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/dso-turkiyedeki-depremler-yuzyilin- en-kotu-dogal-afeti-746196.html (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2023).
  • TRT Haber. (2023b). "Türkiye Tek Yürek" kampanyasında rekor bağış toplandı. https:// www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/turkiye-tek-yurek-kampanyasinda- rekor-bagis-toplandi-746649.html#:~:text=%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20 Tek%20Y%C3%BCrek%20Kampanyas%C4%B1%20Ortak,1%20milyar%20 lira%20ba%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F%20topland%C4%B1. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2023).
  • TRT Haber. (2023c). Hollanda'dan Türkiye'ye yardım kampanyası: Bağış miktarı 89 milyon euroya yaklaştı. https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/hollandadan- turkiyeye-yardim-kampanyasi-bagis-miktari-89-milyon-euroya-yaklasti- 746642.html (Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2023).
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Makale
Authors

Hasan Cem Çelik 0000-0002-4157-7223

Publication Date May 31, 2023
Submission Date March 31, 2023
Acceptance Date May 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 18 - Disaster Management and Media

Cite

APA Çelik, H. C. (2023). Afet Dönemlerinde Toplumsal Dayanışmanın Bir Aracısı: Teleton Yayıncılığı. TRT Akademi, 8(18), 630-651. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1274578