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Bisiklette Yüksek Verimde Güç Aktarımı İçin Uygulanan Bike Fit Uygulamasının İncelenmesi: Sistematik Derleme

Year 2022, , 168 - 173, 01.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.1085837

Abstract

Bu çalışma, farklı kullanım amaçlarına yönelik olarak üretilmiş olan bisikletlerin optimizasyon unsurlarını belirleme amacıyla yapılmıştır. Dünyada bisiklet sporunda optimizasyonun sağlanmasında kullanılan ve gelişen bir yöntem olan “bike fit”, bisiklet kullanıcılarının bisiklete uyum yönünden ihtiyaçlarına karşılık verebilme temeline dayanmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, kullanıcının kendisine en uygun bisikleti seçmiş olsa dahi, bisikletteki bazı parametrelerin kendisine uygun olmaması durumunda kullanıcılarda verim düşüklüğü, konfor eksikliği, sakatlıkların önüne geçilebilmesi gibi durumları rasyonel olarak açıklayabilmektir. Bu doğrultuda bike fit kullanıcının bisiklet üzerindeki duruş pozisyonunu optimize ederek bisiklete uyumunu artırılması temel alınmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct veri tabanlarında ‘Bike Fit’, ‘Bisiklette Güç Aktarımı’ ve ‘Bisiklette Optimizasyon’ ve benzeri anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak literatür incelemesi yapılmıştır. Konuyla ilgili 2002 ile 2021 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış olan 55 çalışma amaca yönelik olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun toplam 20 yayın çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır. Araştırmada sonuç olarak; bisiklet üzerindeki konfor, sportif performans ve sakatlıkların önüne geçilebilmesi açısından bike fit uygulamalarının sporcu ve bisiklet kullanıcısı için gerekli bir uygulama olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Australian Bicycle Council (2017). National cycling participation survey.. Erişim Tarihi: 5 Ekim 2021. https://www.cycle-helmets.com/ncp-2017.pdf
  • Ayachi, F. S., Dorey, J., ve Guastavino, C. (2015). Identifying Factors Of Bicycle Comfort: An Online Survey With Enthusiast Cyclists. Applied Ergonomics, 46, 124-136.
  • Baker, A. (2000). Medical problems in road cycling. In Gregor RJ, Conconi F, eds. Road Cycling. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Sciences Ltd; 68-120.
  • Baker, A. (2004). Bike Fit, 4th Edition, San Diego: Argo.
  • Bini, R.R. (2012). Patellofemoral and tibiofemoral forces in cyclists and triathletes: effects of saddle height. Journal of Science and Cycling, 1(1), 9-14.
  • Bini, R., Hume, P.A., ve Croft, J.L. (2011). Effects of bicycle saddle height on knee injury risk and cycling performance. Sports Medicine, 41(6), 463-476. doi:10.2165/11588740-000000000-00000.
  • Burke, E. R. (1994). Proper fit of the bicycle. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 13(1), 1-14.
  • Dahlquist, M., Leisz, M. C., ve Finkelstein, M. (2015). The club-level road cyclist: injury, pain, and performance. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 25(2), 88-94.
  • Ferrer-Roca, V., Roig, A., Galilea, P., ve García-López, J. (2012). Influence of saddle height on lower limb kinematics in well-trained cyclists: static vs. dynamic evaluation in bike fitting. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(11), 3025-3029.
  • Fronczek-Wojciechowska, M., Kopacz, K., Kosielski, P., ve Padula, G. (2016). Optoelectronic analysis of cyclists’ position before and after a bike fit: A case study of a professional women’s cycling team. Trends in Sport Sciences, 1(23), 21-24.
  • Gonzalez, H., ve Hull M.L. (1989). Multivariable optimization of cycling biomechanics. J Biome. 22, 11(12), 1151-1161.
  • Hamley, E.J., ve Thomas, V. (1967). Physiological and postural factors in the calibration of the bicycle ergometer. The Journal of Physiology, 191(2), 55P-56P.
  • Imbar, O., Dotan, R., Trousil, T., ve Dvir, Z. (1983). The effect on bicycle crank-length variation upon power performance. Ergonomics, 26, 1139-1146.
  • Iriberri, J., Muriel, X., ve Larrazabal, I. (2008). The bike fit of the road professional cyclist related to anthropometric measurements and the torque of de crank. The Engineering of Sport, 7,483-488.
  • Jeong, S.J., Park, K., Moon, J.D., ve Ryu, S.B. (2002). Bicycle saddle shape affects penile blood flow. International Journal of Impotence Research, 14(6), 513-517.
  • Kılınç, F. (2021). Milli dağ bisikletçinin bike fit (bisiklet ve fiziksel uyumluluk) analizinin mekanik ve appa bikefit programıyla karşılaştırmalı incelenmesi. Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi, Uluslararası Bozok Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 177-188.
  • Macdermid, P.W., ve Edwards, A.M. (2010). Influence of crank length on cycle ergometry performance of well-trained female cross-country mountain bike athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(1), 177-182.
  • Peveler, W.W. (2008). Effects of saddle height on economy in cycling. Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1355-1359.
  • Priego Quesada, J.I., Pérez-Soriano, P., Lucas-Cuevas, A.G., Salvador Palmer, R., ve Cibrián Ortiz de Anda, R.M. (2017). Effect of bike-fit in the perception of comfort, fatigue and pain. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(14), 1459-1465.
  • Sanderson, D.J. (1990). The biomechanics of cycling shoes. Cycling Sci; September, 27-30.
  • Silberman, M.R. (2013). Bicycling injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 12(5), 337-345. doi:10.1249/JSR.0b013e3182a4bab7.
  • Silberman, M.R., Webner, D., Collina, S., & Shiple, B.J. (2005). Road bicycle fit. Clinical Journal Of Sport Medicine, 15(4), 271-276.
  • Tokuyasu, T., Matsumoto, S., Ohba, K., & Hirakoba, K. (2010). Optimization of bicycle seat height for individual physical properties. In 2010 World Automation Congress (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
  • Wadsworth, D.J., Weinrauch, P. (2019). The role of a bike ft in cyclists with hip pain. A clinical commentary. Int J Sports Phys 14(3),468. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20190468
  • Wiggins, T. (2020). 7 Tips – how to choose the right bicycle saddle for cycling, life in the saddle, 2020 Erişim Tarihi: 1 Ekim 2021. https://www.lifeinthesaddle.cc/2018/03/7-tips-how-to-choose-right-bike-saddle.html April 22,
  • Wishv-Roth, T. (2009). Assessment of cycling biomechanics to optimise performance and minimise injury. J Sci Med Sport; 12 Suppl. 1: S5.

Investigation of Bike Fit Application for High Efficiency Power Transmission in Cycling: A Systematic Review

Year 2022, , 168 - 173, 01.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.1085837

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the optimization elements of bicycles produced for different purposes. “Bike fit”, which is a method used and developing in the optimization of cycling in the world, is based on meeting the needs of bicycle users in terms of adaptation to the bicycle. At the same time, even if the user has chosen the most suitable bike for him, it is to rationally explain situations such as low efficiency, lack of comfort, and preventing injuries in the event that some parameters on the bike are not suitable for him. In this direction, bike fit is based on optimizing the user's stance on the bike and increasing their adaptation to the bike. In this direction, a literature review was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct databases using the keywords ‘Bike Fit’, ‘Power Transfer on the Bicycle’ and ‘Optimization on the Bicycle’. 55 studies published between 2002 and 2021 on the subject were examined for the purpose. A total of 20 publications complying with the inclusion criteria were included in the study As a result of the research; It has been determined that bike fit applications are a necessary application for athletes and bicycle users in terms of comfort on the bicycle, sportive performance and prevention of injuries.

References

  • Australian Bicycle Council (2017). National cycling participation survey.. Erişim Tarihi: 5 Ekim 2021. https://www.cycle-helmets.com/ncp-2017.pdf
  • Ayachi, F. S., Dorey, J., ve Guastavino, C. (2015). Identifying Factors Of Bicycle Comfort: An Online Survey With Enthusiast Cyclists. Applied Ergonomics, 46, 124-136.
  • Baker, A. (2000). Medical problems in road cycling. In Gregor RJ, Conconi F, eds. Road Cycling. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Sciences Ltd; 68-120.
  • Baker, A. (2004). Bike Fit, 4th Edition, San Diego: Argo.
  • Bini, R.R. (2012). Patellofemoral and tibiofemoral forces in cyclists and triathletes: effects of saddle height. Journal of Science and Cycling, 1(1), 9-14.
  • Bini, R., Hume, P.A., ve Croft, J.L. (2011). Effects of bicycle saddle height on knee injury risk and cycling performance. Sports Medicine, 41(6), 463-476. doi:10.2165/11588740-000000000-00000.
  • Burke, E. R. (1994). Proper fit of the bicycle. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 13(1), 1-14.
  • Dahlquist, M., Leisz, M. C., ve Finkelstein, M. (2015). The club-level road cyclist: injury, pain, and performance. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 25(2), 88-94.
  • Ferrer-Roca, V., Roig, A., Galilea, P., ve García-López, J. (2012). Influence of saddle height on lower limb kinematics in well-trained cyclists: static vs. dynamic evaluation in bike fitting. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(11), 3025-3029.
  • Fronczek-Wojciechowska, M., Kopacz, K., Kosielski, P., ve Padula, G. (2016). Optoelectronic analysis of cyclists’ position before and after a bike fit: A case study of a professional women’s cycling team. Trends in Sport Sciences, 1(23), 21-24.
  • Gonzalez, H., ve Hull M.L. (1989). Multivariable optimization of cycling biomechanics. J Biome. 22, 11(12), 1151-1161.
  • Hamley, E.J., ve Thomas, V. (1967). Physiological and postural factors in the calibration of the bicycle ergometer. The Journal of Physiology, 191(2), 55P-56P.
  • Imbar, O., Dotan, R., Trousil, T., ve Dvir, Z. (1983). The effect on bicycle crank-length variation upon power performance. Ergonomics, 26, 1139-1146.
  • Iriberri, J., Muriel, X., ve Larrazabal, I. (2008). The bike fit of the road professional cyclist related to anthropometric measurements and the torque of de crank. The Engineering of Sport, 7,483-488.
  • Jeong, S.J., Park, K., Moon, J.D., ve Ryu, S.B. (2002). Bicycle saddle shape affects penile blood flow. International Journal of Impotence Research, 14(6), 513-517.
  • Kılınç, F. (2021). Milli dağ bisikletçinin bike fit (bisiklet ve fiziksel uyumluluk) analizinin mekanik ve appa bikefit programıyla karşılaştırmalı incelenmesi. Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi, Uluslararası Bozok Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 177-188.
  • Macdermid, P.W., ve Edwards, A.M. (2010). Influence of crank length on cycle ergometry performance of well-trained female cross-country mountain bike athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(1), 177-182.
  • Peveler, W.W. (2008). Effects of saddle height on economy in cycling. Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1355-1359.
  • Priego Quesada, J.I., Pérez-Soriano, P., Lucas-Cuevas, A.G., Salvador Palmer, R., ve Cibrián Ortiz de Anda, R.M. (2017). Effect of bike-fit in the perception of comfort, fatigue and pain. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(14), 1459-1465.
  • Sanderson, D.J. (1990). The biomechanics of cycling shoes. Cycling Sci; September, 27-30.
  • Silberman, M.R. (2013). Bicycling injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 12(5), 337-345. doi:10.1249/JSR.0b013e3182a4bab7.
  • Silberman, M.R., Webner, D., Collina, S., & Shiple, B.J. (2005). Road bicycle fit. Clinical Journal Of Sport Medicine, 15(4), 271-276.
  • Tokuyasu, T., Matsumoto, S., Ohba, K., & Hirakoba, K. (2010). Optimization of bicycle seat height for individual physical properties. In 2010 World Automation Congress (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
  • Wadsworth, D.J., Weinrauch, P. (2019). The role of a bike ft in cyclists with hip pain. A clinical commentary. Int J Sports Phys 14(3),468. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20190468
  • Wiggins, T. (2020). 7 Tips – how to choose the right bicycle saddle for cycling, life in the saddle, 2020 Erişim Tarihi: 1 Ekim 2021. https://www.lifeinthesaddle.cc/2018/03/7-tips-how-to-choose-right-bike-saddle.html April 22,
  • Wishv-Roth, T. (2009). Assessment of cycling biomechanics to optimise performance and minimise injury. J Sci Med Sport; 12 Suppl. 1: S5.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Review
Authors

Onur Öztürk 0000-0002-7630-6861

Enver Döşyılmaz 0000-0001-9973-3615

Davut Atılgan 0000-0002-8475-4488

Publication Date November 1, 2022
Acceptance Date June 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Öztürk, O., Döşyılmaz, E., & Atılgan, D. (2022). Bisiklette Yüksek Verimde Güç Aktarımı İçin Uygulanan Bike Fit Uygulamasının İncelenmesi: Sistematik Derleme. Türk Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 168-173. https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.1085837

TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM DERGİPARK AKADEMİK bünyesinde kurulan Türk Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Doçentlik başvurusu Ulusal Makale b maddesi kapsamındadır.