İrisin ve Egzersiz

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 106 - 114, 15.10.2019

Şükran Arıkan Gizem Akın

Abstract

Egzersizin sağlık durumunu olumlu yönde etkilediği, fiziksel uygunluğu
artırdığı, kas metabolizmasını ve enerji homeostazisini düzenlediği
bilinmektedir. Egzersizin endokrin sistem üzerindeki etkileri hormonların
salınımı veya üretilmesi ile ilişkilidir. Bu süreçte bazı hormonların salınımı
artarken bazılarında da azalır. Enerji metabolizması ve kas yenileme kapasitesi
ile ilgili olan miyokinler, düzenli egzersizlerle aktif kaslara destek
sağlamaktadırlar. Metabolik sistemlerin düzenlenmesinde hayati rol oynayan
iskelet kasları, enerji tüketimindeki artışlarla ilişkili olduğu düşünülen
irisin hormonunu salgılayan endokrin bir organdır. Yeni bir miyokin olan
irisin, egzersiz sayesinde beyaz yağ dokularını daha fazla mitokondriye sahip
olan kahverengi yağ dokularına dönüştürerek, vücut metabolizmasının
düzenlenmesinde rol alır. İrisin, obezite ve tip 2 diyabet gibi metabolik
hastalıkların önlenmesinde rol alabileceği fikrinin öne sürülmesi ile birlikte
birçok araştırmacının ilgisini çekmiştir. 
İrisin ve egzersiz arasındaki etki mekanizmasının tam olarak
aydınlanması amacıyla birçok araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu derlemede enerji
metabolizması ve egzersiz ile ilişkili olduğu öne sürülen irisin hormonu
hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve yapılan çalışmalar özetlenmiştir

Keywords

irisin, myokin, egzersiz

Irisin and Exercise

Abstract

It
is known that exercise affects health status positively, increases physical
fitness, regulates muscle metabolism and energy homeostasis. The effects of
exercise on the endocrine system are associated with the production or
secretion of hormones. In this process, some hormone secretion increases and
some decrease. Myokines, which are related to energy metabolism and muscle
regeneration capacity, support active muscles through regular exercises.
Skeletal muscles, which play a vital role in the regulation of metabolic
systems, are an endocrine organ that secretes the hormone iris, which is
thought to be associated with increases in energy consumption. Irisin, a new
myokine, plays a role in the regulation of body metabolism by transforming
white fat tissues into brown fat tissues that have more mitochondria through
exercise. It has attracted the attention of many researchers with the
suggestion that iris may play a role in the prevention of metabolic diseases
such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Many studies have been conducted to
clarify the mechanism of impact between irisin and exercise. In this review,
information is given about irisin hormone which is suggested to be related with
energy metabolism and exercise and the studies are summarized.

Keywords

Irisin, myokine, exercise

References

• Arıkan, Ş. (2018). The effect of acute exercise and gender on the levels of irisin in elite athletes. Physical education of students, 22(6), 304-307.
• Arıkan, Ş., Revan, S., Balcı, Ş.S., Şahin, M. ve Serpek, B. (2018). Effect of training on plasma irisin, leptin and insulin levels. Int J Appl Exerc Physiol, 2, 1-8.
• Aslan, N.N. ve Yardımcı, H. (2017). Obezite üzerine etkili yeni bir hormon: İrisin. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6, 176-83.
• Avcı, B. (2015). Sağlıklı genç erişkin bireylerde sistemik dolaşım irisin düzeyleri. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Trakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Edirne. Aydin, S. (2014). Three new players in energy regulation: preptin, adropinand irisin. Peptides, 56, 94-110.
• Bauwens, M., Wierts, R., VanRoyen, B., Bucerius, J., Backes, W., Mottaghy, F., vd. (2014). Molecular imaging of brown adipose tissue in health and disease. Eur J Nucl Med MolImaging, 41, 776–91.
• Benedini, S., Dozio, E., Invernizzi, P.L., Vianello, E., Banfi, G., Terruzzi, I., vd. (2017). Irisin: A potential link between physical exercise and metabolism-an observational study in differently trained subjects, from elite athletesto non-athlete people. Hindawi Journal of Diabetes Research, 7.
• Besse-Patin, A., Montastier, E., Vinel, C., Castan-Laurell, I., Louche, K., Dray, C., vd. (2014). Effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle myokine expression in obese men: identification of apelin as a novel myokine. International J Obes, 38(5), 707-13.
• Binay, Ç., Paketçi, C., Güzel, S. ve Samancı, N. (2017). Serum irisin andoxytocin levels as predictors of metabolic parameters in obese children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol, 9, 124-31.
• Blonde, L.,Pencek, R. ve Macconell, L. (2015). Association among weight change, glycemic control, and markers of cardiovascular risk with exenatide once weekly: a pooled analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 14, 12.
• Blüher, S., Panagiotou, G., Petroff, D., Markert, J., Wagner, A., Klemm, T., vd. (2014). Effects of a 1 year exercise and lifestyle intervention on irisin, adipokines, and inflammatory markers in obese children. Obesity, 22(7), 1701-8.
• Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M.P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, C.J., vd. (2012). A PGC1-alpha-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of White fat and thermogenesis. Nature, 481,463- 68.
• Boström, P.A., Fernandez-Real, J.M. ve Mantzoros, C. (2014). Irisin in humans: recent advances and questions for future research. Metab, 2, 178-80.
• Castillo-Quan, J.I. (2012). From White to Brown fat through the PGC-1alpha-dependent myokine irisin: implications for diabetes and obesity. Diseasemodels & mechanisms, 3, 293-95.
• Çatlı, G., Kume, T., Tuhan, H.Ü., Anık, A., Calan, O.G., Bober, E., vd. (2016). Relation of serum irisin level with metabolic and antropometric parameters in obese children. J Diabetes Complications, 30, 1560-65.
• Ebert, T., Focke, D., Petroff, D., Wurst, U., Richter, J., Bachann, A., vd. (2014). Serum levels of the myokine irisin in relationto metabolic and renal function. Eur J Endocrinol, 170, 501-06.
• llefsen, S., Vikmoen, O., Slettalokken, G., Whist, J.E., Nygaard, N., Hollan, I.,vd. (2014). Irisin and FNDC5: effects of 12-week strength training, and relations to muscle phenotype and body mass composition in untrained women. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(9), 1875–1888.
• Elsen, M., Raschke, S. ve Eckel, J. (2014). Browning of white fat: does irisin play a role in humans? J Endocrinol, 222, 25-38.
• Esfahani, M., Baranchi, M. ve Goodarzi, M.T. (2015). Irisin and metabolic disorders. Avicenna J Med Biochem, 4, 33-230.
• Hecksteden, A., Wegmann, M., Steffen, A., Kraushaar, J., Morsch, A., Ruppenthal, S., vd. (2013). Irisin and exercise training in humans – results from a randomized controlled training trial. Bmc Med, 11, 235.
• Hofmann, T., Elbelt, U. ve Stengel, A. (2014). Irisin as a muscle-derived hormone stimulating thermogenesis acritical update. Peptides, 54, 89-100.
• Huh, J.Y., Panagiotou, G., Mougios, V., Brinkoetter, M., Vamvini, M.T., Schneider, BE., vd. (2012). FNDC5 and irisin in humans. I. Predictors of circulating concentrationsin serum and plasma and II. mRNA expression and circulating concentrations inresponse to weight loss and exercise. Metabolism, 61, 1725-38.
• Huh, J.Y., Mougios, V., Skraparlis, A., Kabasakalis, A. ve Mantzoros, C.S. (2014). İrisin in response to acute and chronic whole-body vibration exercise in humans. Metabolism, 63,918-921.
• Jóźków, P., Koźlenia, D., Zawadzka, K., Konefał, M., Chmura, P., Młynarska, K., vd. (2019). Effects of running a marathon on irisin concentration in men aged over 50. The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 69(1), 79–84.
• Kabasakalis, A., Nikolaidis, S.,Tsalis, G., Christoulas, K. ve Mougios, V. (2019). Effects of sprint interval exercise dose and sex on circulating irisin and redox status markers in adolescent swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(7), 827-832.
• Kell, R.T., Bell, G. ve Quinney, A. (2001). Musculo skeletal fitness, health out comes and quality of life. Sports Medicine, 12, 863-73.
• Khalafi, M., Shabkhız, F., Alamdarı, K.A. ve Bakhtıyarı, A. (2016). Irisin response to two types of exercise training in type 2 diabetic male rats. Arak Med University J, 19, 37-45.
• Koz, M., Akgül, M.Ş. ve Atıcı, E. (2016). Egzersizin endokrin sistem üzerine etkileri ve hormonal regülasyonlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Physiother Rehabil-Special Topics, 2, 48-56.
• Kurdiova, T., Balaz, M., Vician, M., Maderova, D., Vlcek, M., Valkovic, L., vd. (2014). Are skeletal muscle, adipose tissue Fndc5 gene expression and irisin release affected by obesity, diabetes and exercise? In vivo, in vitro studies. J Physiol. 592, 1091–1107.
• Küçük, H. (2018). Aerobik ve anaerobik kapasitenin serum irisin, leptin, ghrelin seviyelerine etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun.
• Lu, Y., Li, H., Shen, S.W., Shen, Z.H., Xu, M., Yang, C.J., vd. (2016). Swimming exercise increases serum irisin level and reduces body fatmass in high-fat-diet fed wistarrats. Lipids Health Dis, 15, 93.
• Lv, J., Pan, Y., Li, X., Cheng, D., Ju, H., Tian, J., vd. (2015). Study on the distribution and elimination of thenewhormone irisin in vivo: new discoveries regarding irisin. Horm Metab Res, 47, 591-95.
• Palacios Gonzalez, B., Vadillo Ortega, F., Polo Oteyza, E., Sanchez, T., Ancira Moreno, M., Romero Hidalgo, S., vd. (2015). Irisin levels before and after physical activity among school-age children with different BMI: A direct relation with leptin. Obesity, 23, 729-32.
• Pedersen, B.K. ve Febbraio, M.A. (2012). Muscles, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 8, 457–65.
• Pekkala, S., Wıklund P.K., Hulmi, J.J., Ahtiainen, J.J., Horttanainen, M., Pöllanen, E., vd. (2013). Are skeletal muscle FNDC5 gene expression and irisin release regulated by exercise and related to health? J Physiol. 591, 5393–5400.
• Polyzos, S.A., Anastasilakis, A.D., Efstathiadou, Z.A., Makras, P., Perakakis, N., Kountouras, J., vd. (2018). Irisin in metabolic diseases. Endocrine, 2, 260-74.
• Puigserver, P., Adelmant, G., Wu, Z., Fan, M., Xu, J.O., Malley, B., vd. (1999). Activation of PPAR gamma coactivator-1 through transcription factor docking. Science, 5443, 1368-71.
• Qian, S.W., Tang, Y., Li, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y.Y., Huang, H.Y., vd. (2013). BMP4-mediated brown fat-like changes in white adipose tissue alter glucose and energy homeostasis. PNAS, 9, 798-807.
• Qiu, S., Cai, X., Sun, Z., Schumann, U., Zügel, M. ve Steinacker, J.M. (2015). Chronic exercise training and circulating irisin in adults: A meta-analysis. Sports Med, 45, 1577-88.
• Rahman, S., Reza, A.M., Mahboobe, K. ve Sadegh, A. (2016). The effect of submaximal aerobic training on serum irisin level in obese men; with emphasis on the role of irisin in insulin-resistance change. Scientific Information Database, 4, 20-30.
• Ripperger, J.A., Fritz, S., Richter, K., Hocke, G.M., Lottspeichi, F. ve Fey, G.H. (1995). Trans cription factors stat 3 and stat 5b are present in rat liver nucleilate in an acute phase response and bind interleukin-6 response elements. J Bıol Chem, 15, 29998–30006.
• Schumacher, M.A., Chınnam, N., Ohashı, T., Shah, R.S. ve Erıckson, H.P. (2013). The structure of irisin reveals a novelinter subunit beta-sheet fibronectin type III (FNIII) dimer: implications for receptor activation. J Bıol Chem, 288, 33738-44.
• Şahin, E. (2016). Yeni tanı almış tip 2 diyabetli hastalarda serum irisin seviyesinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
• Timmons, J.A., Baar, K., Davidsen, P.K. ve Atherton, P.J. (2012). Is irisin a human exercise gene?. Nature, 488, 10.
• Xiong, X.Q., Chen, D., Sun, H.J., Ding, L., Wang, J.J., Chen, Q., vd. (2015). FNDC5 over expression and irisin am eliorate glucose/lipid metabolic derangements and enhance lipolys is in obesity. BBA, 9, 1867-75.
• Yang, X.Q., Yuan, H., Li, J., Fan, J., Jia H.S., Kou, X.J., vd. (2016). Swimming intervention mitigates HFD induced obesity of rats through PGC-1α -irisin pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 20, 2123-30.
• Zhao, J., Su, Z., Qu, C. ve Dong, Y. (2017). Effects of 12 weeks resistance training on serum irisin in older male adults front. Physiol, 8,171.