Genç Kadin Futbol Oyuncularinda Baskin Bacağin Yön Değiştirme Performansina Etkisi

Abstract

Son yirmi yılda, kadın futbolu, giderek kendine daha fazla yer bulmakta ve tanınmaktadır. Gelişmiş kondisyon performansları ile sezon boyunca daha fazla sayıda maç ve oyuncuyu içeren nicelik açısından önemli bir gelişme gösteren kadın futbolunun talepleri önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Kadın futbolunda hareketler çok sayıda yön değiştirmeden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, genç kadın futbolcularda baskın bacağın yön değiştirme (COD) performansına etkisi incelenmektir.Çalışmaya 20 (mean ± SD age 17.1 ± 1.56 years, body weight: 55.7 ± 4.94 kg, height: 1.61 ± 0.05 m) genç kadın futbolcu katılmıştır. Oyuncular 10 metrelik parkurda ve farklı açılarda (45° -90° -135° ve 180°) yön değiştirme testi, diz fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon izometrik kuvvet testi ve asimetrik derinlik sıçraması testi gerçekleştirmişlerdir. Sporcular hem baskın bacak (DL) hem de baskın olmayan bacak (NDL) ile tüm testleri uygulamıştır. Verilerin analizinde baskın bacak ve baskın olmayan bacak performansları arasındaki farkları belirlemek amacıyla Parametrik Bağımlı Örnekler T-testi istatistiksel analizi ve testler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için de korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır.Kadın futbolcuların baskın bacaklarının (5-10m P=0.000-0.009, t=2.924-4.802, ES:0.44-0.59 and, 0-10m P=0.000-0.030 t=2.351-6.757, ES:0.33-0.59) COD performansının baskın olmayan bacaklarına göre daha iyi olduğu gözlendi. DL'nin diz ekstansiyon bağıl gücü (KERS) ve diz fleksiyon bağıl gücü (KFRS) (P=0.00 Ekstansiyon=6.4 %kg, t=4.947 and Fleksiyon=12.7% kg, t=4.406 ES:0.77-0.82)., asimetrik sıçrama temas süresi (CT) (CT = -16.4% (ms), t=-22.601) ve havada kalma süresi (FT) (FT=%17,6 (ms), t=22.931 ES:0.64-0.75) testleri NDL'lerden daha iyi performans gösterdi. DL KFRS ile DL'nin 45 derece (5-10m r =,715**, 0-10m r=,520*, P<0.05), 135 derece (5-10m r=,562**, 0-10m r=,533*, P<0.05) ve 180 (5-10m r=,687**, 0-10m r =,622** P<0.05) derece yön değiştirme performansları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. DL KERS ile DL'nin 45 derece (5-10m r=,566**, 0-10m r=,502* P<0.05) ve 180 derece (5-10m r=,495*, P<0.05) COD performansları arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur.Bulgular incelendiğinde kadın futbolcularda baskın bacak ile yön değiştirme performansının baskın olmayan bacağa göre daha iyi olduğu belirlendi. Bunun, baskın bacağın yön değiştirme sırasında daha fazla izometrik güç üretme yeteneğinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Yön değiştirme
• Baskın bacak
• Kadın futbolu
• Performans
• Kuvvet asimetresi

The Effect of Dominant Leg on Change of Direction Performance in Young Famele Football Players

Abstract

Objectives Over the last two decades, women's football has become increasingly established and recognised. The demands of women's football have increased significantly, with a significant development in terms of quantity, including improved fitness performances and a greater number of matches and players throughout the season. Movements in women's football consist of a large number of directional changes. In this study, the effect of dominant leg on Change of Direction (COD) performance in young female footballers was investigated. Materials and Methods Twenty (mean±SDage17.1±1.56 years, body weight:55.7±4.94kg, height:1.61±0.05 m) young female football players participated in the study. The players performed change of direction tests at different angles (45°-90°-135°-180°) on a 10-meter track, knee flexion (KFRS) and extension isometric strength tests (KERS), and asymmetric depth jump tests (ADJ). Athletes performed all tests with both the dominant leg (DL) and non-dominant leg (NDL). In the analysis of the data, Parametric Dependent Samples T-test statistical analysis was used to determine the differences between DL and NDL performances, and correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between the tests. Results It was observed that COD performance of female football players with DL (5-10mP=0.000-0.009,t=2.924-4.802,ES:0.44-0.59and,0-10mP=0.000-0.030t=2.351-6.757,ES:0.33-0.59) were better than the NDL. DL’s KERS (Extension=6.4%kg,t=4.947) and KFRS (Flexion=12.7% kg,t=4.406ES:0.77-0.82), ADJ contact time (CT) (CT=-16.4%(ms),t=-22.601) and flight time (FT) (FT=%17,6(ms),t=22.931ES:0.64-0.75) tests showed better performance than NDL’s. Significant relationship was found between DL KFRS and DL's 45 degrees (5-10m r=,715**0-10mr =,520*P<0.05), 135 degrees (5-10m r=,562**0-10m r=,533*P<0.05), and 180 degrees (5-10mr=,687**0-10m r =,622 ** P<0.05) COD values. Significant relationship was found between DL KERS and DL's 45 degrees (5-10m r=,566**; 0-10m r=,502*P <0.05) and 180 degrees (5-10m r=,495*,P<0.05) COD values. Conclusions When the findings were examined, it was determined that change of direction performance with dominant leg was better than with non-dominant leg in female football players. This is thought to be due to the DL’s ability to generate more isometric strength during COD.

Keywords

• Change of Direction
• Dominant Leg
• Women
• Performance
• Strength Asymmetry

References

1. 1. Augustsson, J., Thomeé, R., & Karlsson, J. (2004). Ability of a new hop test to determine functional deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 12(5), 350–356.
2. 2. Barber, S. D., Noyes, F. R., Mangine, R., & DeMaio, M. (1992). Rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction: function testing. In Orthopedics, Vol. 15, Issue 8, pp. 969–974.
3. 3. Bishop, C., Perez-Higueras Rubio, M., Gullon, I. L., Maloney, S., & Balsalobre-Fernandez, C. (2022). Jump and change of direction speed asymmetry using smartphone apps: Between-session consistency and associations with physical performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(4), 927–934.
4. 4. Castillo-Rodríguez, A., Fernández-García, J. C., Chinchilla-Minguet, J. L., & Carnero, E. Á. (2012). Relationship between muscular strength and sprints with changes of direction. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(3), 725–732.
5. 5. Chaouachi, A., Manzi, V., Chaalali, A., Wong, D. P., Chamari, K., & Castagna, C. (2012). Determinants analysis of change-of-direction ability in elite football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(10), 2667–2676.
6. 6. Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.
7. 7. Datson, N., Hulton, A., Andersson, H., Lewis, T., Weston, M., Drust, B., & Gregson, W. (2014). Applied physiology of female football: an update. Sports Medicine, 44(9), 1225–1240.
8. 8. De Marco, K., Lyons, M., Joyce, C., & Conlon, J. A. (2023). The relationship between relative lower-body strength, sprint and change of direction ability in elite youth female soccer athletes. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17479541231180329.

9. 9. Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., González-Haro, C., Gormasz, C., Pigozzi, F., & Bachl, N. (2010). Sprinting analysis of elite football players during European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(14), 1489–1494.
10. 10. Emmonds, S., Nicholson, G., Begg, C., Jones, B., & Bissas, A. (2019). Importance of physical qualities for speed and change of direction ability in elite female football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(6), 1669–1677.
11. 11. Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Gual, G., Romero-Rodriguez, D., & Unnitha, V. (2016). Lower limb neuromuscular asymmetry in volleyball and basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 50(1), 135–143.
12. 12. Hewit, J. K., Cronin, J. B., & Hume, P. A. (2012). Asymmetry in multi-directional jumping tasks. Physical Therapy in Sport, 13(4), 238–242.
13. 13. Kapreli, E., Athanasopoulos, S., Stavridis, I., Billis, E., & Strimpakos, N. (2015). Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire (WFQ-R): cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of Greek version. Physiotherapy, 101, e721.
14. 14. Kunz, M. (2007). Big count: 265 million playing football. Fifa Magazine, 10-15.
15. 15. Lehance, C., Binet, J., Bury, T., & Croisier, J.-L. (2009). Muscular strength, functional performances and injury risk in professional and junior elite football players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(2), 243–251.
16. 16. Madruga-Parera, M., Bishop, C., Beato, M., Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Gonzalo-Skok, O., & Romero-Rodríguez, D. (2021). Relationship between interlimb asymmetries and speed and change of direction speed in youth handball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(12), 3482–3490.
17. 17. Maloney, S. J., Richards, J., Nixon, D. G. D., Harvey, L. J., & Fletcher, I. M. (2017). Do stiffness and asymmetries predict change of direction performance? Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(6), 547–556.
18. 18. Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Andersson, H., Kirkendal, D., & Bangsbo, J. (2008). Match activities of elite women football players at different performance levels. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(2), 341–349.
19. 19. Mujika, I., Santisteban, J., Impellizzeri, F. M., & Castagna, C. (2009). Fitness determinants of success in men’s and women’s football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(2), 107–114.
20. 20. Nariman, E., Elnemr, A., Abdellatif, A., Elnemr, O., Shawky, W., & Hazzaa, W. E. (n.d.). A Comparıson of Power Performance Varıables in Sıngle Leg Jump Between Domınant and Non-Domınant Legs For Young Men.
21. 21. Paterno, M. V, Ford, K. R., Myer, G. D., Heyl, R., & Hewett, T. E. (2007). Limb asymmetries in landing and jumping 2 years following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 17(4), 258–262.
22. 22. Paterno, M. V, Schmitt, L. C., Ford, K. R., Rauh, M. J., Myer, G. D., Huang, B., & Hewett, T. E. (2010). Biomechanical measures during landing and postural stability predict second anterior cruciate ligament injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and return to sport. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(10), 1968–1978.
23. 23. Rouissi, M., Chtara, M., Owen, A., Chaalali, A., Chaouachi, A., Gabbett, T., & Chamari, K. (2016). Effect of leg dominance on change of direction ability amongst young elite football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(6), 542–548.
24. 24. Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of football. Sports Medicine, 35(6), 501–536.
25. 25. Thomas, C., Dos’Santos, T., Comfort, P., & Jones, P. A. (2018). Relationships between unilateral muscle strength qualities and change of direction in adolescent team-sport athletes. Sports, 6(3), 83.
26. 26. Webb, P., & Lander, J. (1983). An economical fitness testing battery for high school and college rugby teams. Sports Coach, 7(3), 44–46.
27. 27. Wong, P., Chamari, K., Chaouachi, A., Wisløff, U., & Hong, Y. (2007). Difference in plantar pressure between the preferred and non-preferred feet in four football-related movements. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(2), 84–92.
28. 28. Young, W. B., James, R., & Montgomery, I. (2002). Is muscle power related to running speed with changes of direction? Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(3), 282–288.
29. 29. Newbold, P., Carlson, W. L., & Thorne, B. M. (2013). Statistics for business and economics. Pearson.