The effect of an 8-month exercise program on bone density and some physical characteristics in sedentary women

Serkan Hazar; Sedef Kurt

doi:10.15314/tjse.50308

The effect of an 8-month exercise program on bone density and some physical characteristics in sedentary women

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine and evaluate the effect of an 8-month step-aerobic and run-walk exercise on bone density and some physical characteristics as weight, total fat mass, total fat percentile and lean mass at sedentary females 14 sedentary females with mean age 37.4 voluntarily participated in the study. Subjects performed an exercise program lasted an hour three days a week for eight months. Exercise program consisted of 45/50- minute step-aerobic one day a week; 30- minute run/walk and 30- minute stretching two days a week. Total bone mineral density (BMD), total bone mineral content (BMC), T score, Z score, Total lean mass, total fat mass and total fat percentile values were diagnosed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Norland XR-46). Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data evaluation and significance level alpha was set at 0.05. After the eight -month exercise program, it was found out that there was significant decrease in weight, BMI, and total fat mass (p<0.05). But the decreases in total fat percentile and lean mass were statically insignificant. Nevertheless the increasing in total BMD, T-score and Z-score were statically significant (p<0.05), while the decreases in total BMC value were statically insignificant. In conclusion the eight-month step-aerobic, run-walk and stretching exercises positively affected some anthropometric components as weight, BMI, and total fat mass. However the program didn’t affect bone mineral contend in a positive way. But the program provides a preventive effect on bone density. It is suggested that preparation of exercise programs with similar purpose should include resistance exercise forms as well.

Keywords

Bone density; exercise; sedentary females.

References

Al-Zadjali M, Keller C, Larkey LK, Albertini L. Writing Group: The Center for Health Outcomes in Aging Evaluation of Intervention Research in Weight Reduction in Post-Menopausal Women. Geriatr Nurs, 2010; 31(6); 419-434.
Atik OS. Gunal I. Korkusuz F Burden of osteoporosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Feb 2006; 443: 19-24.
Baumgartner RN. Koehler KM. Gallagher D. et al.: Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol, 1998; 147:755–763
Blalock SJ, DeVellis RF, Giorgino KB, DeVellis BM, Gold DT. Osteoporosis Prevention in Premenopausal Women: Using a Stage Model Approach to Examine the Predictors of Behavior Health Psychol, 1996; 15(2): 84-93.
Bonato M, Bossolasco S, Galli L, Pavei G, Testa M, Bertocchi C, Galvano E, Balconi G, Lazzarin A, Merati G, La Torre A, Cinque P. Moderate aerobic exercise (brisk walking) increases bone density in cART-treated persons. Journal Of The International AIDS Society, 2012; 6(Suppl 4): 1.
Carter MI, Hinton PS Physical activity and bone health. Mo Med. 2014. 111(1): 59–64
Cavani V, Mier C, Muston AA, Musto AA, Tummers N. Effects of a 6-week resistance training program on functional fitness of older adults. J Aging Phys Act, 2002. 10:443–452.
Clifford J. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med, 2005; 353(6): 595–603.

Cullen DM, Iwaniec UT, Barger-Lux MJ. Skeletal Responses to Ezercise and Training. In Exercise and sport science. Ed. Garrett WE, Kirkendall DT. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 67-95. 2000
Deng S. Effects of exercise therapy on bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women: a controlled trial Frontiers of Medicine in China, 2009; 3(3): 323-329.
Deslandes A. Moraes H. Ferreira C. Veiga H. Silveira H. Mouta R Pompeu FA, Coutinho ES, Laks J. Exercise and mental health: many reasons to move. Neuropsychobiology, 2009; 59: 191–8.
Dougherty CM, Glenny R, Kudenchuk PJ. Aerobic exercise improves fitness and heart rate variability after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev, 2008; 28(5): 307-11.
Galusca B. Zouch M, Germain N, Bossu C, Frere D. Lang F, Lafage-Proust MH, Thomas T, Vico L, Estour B. Constitutional thinness: unusual human phenotype of low bone quality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2008; 93(1): 110-7.
Fletcher GF, Balady G, Blair SN, Blumenthal J, Caspersen C, Chaitman B, Epstein S, Sivarajan Froelicher ES, Froelicher VF, Pina IL, Pollock ML. Statement on Exercise: Benefits and Recommendations for Physical Activity Programs for All Americans. A Statement for Health Professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology. American Heart Association PED; Circulation, 1996; 94: 857-862.
Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, Sherrington C, Gates S, Clemson LM, Lamb SE. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012; 12;9: CD007146.
Groen BE, Smulders E, de Kam D, Duysens J, Weerdesteyn V. Martial arts fall training to prevent hip fractures in the elderly. Osteoporos Int, 2010; 21:215–221.
Herman KM, Sabiston CM, Tremblay A, Paradis G. Self-rated health in children at risk for obesity: associations of physical activity. Sedentary Behaviors and BMI. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 2014; 11(3). 543-552. doi:10.1123/jpah.2012-0124
Iki M, Saito Y, Dohi Y, Kajita E, Nishino H, Yonemasu K, Kusaka Y. Greater trunk muscle torque reduces postmenopausal bone loss at the spine independently of age, body size, and vitamin D receptor genotype in Japanese women. Calcif Tissue Int, 2002; 71(4): 300–307.
Irandoust K, Taheri M. The effects of aquatic exercise on body composition and nonspecific low back pain in elderly males. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2015; 27(2): 433-435.
Kelley GA, Kelly KS, Tran ZV. Exercise and lumbar spine bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2002; 57(9): 599-64.
Kemmler W, Engelkek K, Lauber D, Weineck J, Hensen J, Kalender WA. Exercise effects on fitness and bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women: 1-year EFOPS results. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2002; 34(12): 2115–2123.
Kemmler W, von Stengel S. Dose-response effect of exercise frequency on bone mineral density in post-menopausal. osteopenic women. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2014; 24:526–34
Kemmler W, von Stengel S. Exercise frequency, health risk factors, and diseases of the elderly. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2013; 94: 2046–53.
Kemmler W, Bebenek M, Kohl M, Von Stengel S. Exercise and fractures in postmenopausal women. Final results of the controlled Erlangen Fitness and Osteoporosis Prevention Study (EFOPS). Osteoporos Int, Epub 2015 May 12.
Kerksick CM, Wismann-Bunn J. Fogt D. Thomas AR. Taylor L. Campbell BI, Wilborn CD, Harvey T, Roberts MD, La Bounty P, Galbreath M, Marcello B, Rasmussen CJ, Kreider RB. Changes in weight loss, body composition and cardiovascular disease risk after altering macronutrient distributions during a regular exercise program in obese women. Nutr J, 2010; 22: 9(1):59
Korpelainen R, Korpelainen J, Heikkinen J, Väänänen K, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S. Lifelong factor for osteoporosis and fractures in elderly women with low body mass index. Bone. 2003. 39: 385-391.
Lauren C, Nishimura K, Margaret L, Lau H, Culos-Reed S. The impact of physical activity on health-related fitness and quality of life for patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review. Heart, 2015; doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094684.
Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors. 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet, 2006; 367(9524): 1747–57.
Marques EA, Mota J, Carvalho J. Exercise effects on bone mineral density in older adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Age, 2011; 34:1493–515.
Movaseghi F, Sadeghi H. Effect of three-year multi-component exercise training on bone mineral density and content in a postmenopausal woman with osteoporosis: a case report. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 2015; 44(5). 701-704.
Nambi G, Momin S, Nagar R, Patel S, Pancholi D. Parth Trivedi Comparative effect of strength training program and aerobic training program on bone mineral density in post menopausal women with type-1 osteoporosis. Journal of pharmaceutical biology, 2014; 4(2): 61-65.
Nikander R, Sievanen H, Heinonen A, Daly RM, Uusi-Rasi K, Kannus P. Targeted exercise against osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis for optimising bone strength throughout life. BMC Med, 2010; 8:47.
Rackoff PJ, Barnes K J, Honig S. Exercise and Its Effect on Bone Health. The Open Arthritis Journal, 2009; 2: 14-17.
Tartibian B, Saei NM. Effects of 9-weeks high intensity aerobic exercises on hormones and marker of metabolism of bone formation in young women. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008; 3(5): 519-524.
Viru A, Viru M. Nature of training effects. In Exercise and sport science. Ed. Garrett WE, Kirkendall DT. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 67-95. 2000.
Weerdesteyn V, Groen BE, van Swigchem R, Duysens J. Martial arts fall techniques reduce hip impact forces in naive subjects after a brief period of training. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2008; 18: 235–42.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

-

Journal Section

-

Authors

Serkan Hazar

Sedef Kurt This is me

Publication Date

May 2, 2016

Submission Date

December 24, 2015

Acceptance Date

-

Published in Issue

Year 2016 Volume: 18 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.50308

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA22NE49EM

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Hazar, S., & Kurt, S. (2016). The effect of an 8-month exercise program on bone density and some physical characteristics in sedentary women. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 18(1), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.50308

AMA

1.Hazar S, Kurt S. The effect of an 8-month exercise program on bone density and some physical characteristics in sedentary women. Turk J Sport Exe. 2016;18(1):98-102. doi:10.15314/tjse.50308

Chicago

Hazar, Serkan, and Sedef Kurt. 2016. “The Effect of an 8-Month Exercise Program on Bone Density and Some Physical Characteristics in Sedentary Women”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 18 (1): 98-102. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.50308.

EndNote

Hazar S, Kurt S (May 1, 2016) The effect of an 8-month exercise program on bone density and some physical characteristics in sedentary women. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 18 1 98–102.

IEEE

[1]S. Hazar and S. Kurt, “The effect of an 8-month exercise program on bone density and some physical characteristics in sedentary women”, Turk J Sport Exe, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 98–102, May 2016, doi: 10.15314/tjse.50308.

ISNAD

Hazar, Serkan - Kurt, Sedef. “The Effect of an 8-Month Exercise Program on Bone Density and Some Physical Characteristics in Sedentary Women”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 18/1 (May 1, 2016): 98-102. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.50308.

JAMA

1.Hazar S, Kurt S. The effect of an 8-month exercise program on bone density and some physical characteristics in sedentary women. Turk J Sport Exe. 2016;18:98–102.

MLA

Hazar, Serkan, and Sedef Kurt. “The Effect of an 8-Month Exercise Program on Bone Density and Some Physical Characteristics in Sedentary Women”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, vol. 18, no. 1, May 2016, pp. 98-102, doi:10.15314/tjse.50308.

Vancouver

1.Serkan Hazar, Sedef Kurt. The effect of an 8-month exercise program on bone density and some physical characteristics in sedentary women. Turk J Sport Exe. 2016 May 1;18(1):98-102. doi:10.15314/tjse.50308