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Year 2014, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 36 - 44, 07.03.2015

Abstract

The basic purpose of this study was to investigate of the relationships with sprint and jump performance of velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise and to determine which variable was associated with which loading loading. For this purpose, thirty-two men amateur athletes (age: 20.4 ± 1.98 years; height: 179.3 ± 7.23 cm; weight: 73.5 ± 9.85 kg) who actively involved in sports and have a basic level of force participated in voluntarily to this study. In the study, one repetition maximum (1RM) full squat (SQ) strength test, vertical jump test, 5 meters and 30 meters sprint test were applied. The descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis was used for statistical evaluation of datas. According to analysis results; it was obtained that mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) values during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise performed in different loads were decreased in parallel with load increase. In addition, it was obtained that there was no statistically a significant relationships between 5 meters sprint times and vertical jump performance with MV, MPV and PV values during propulsive phase of full back SQ exercise performed at different loads of 1RM (p > 0.05). Conversely, it was obtained that there was a mean level, negative and statistically significant relationship between 30 meters sprint times with MV during propulsive phase of full back SQ movement performed at 20 % and % 90 of 1RM load values (r = - .412; r = - .399, p < 0.05, respectively) and PV values obtained at 40 % and 60 % of 1RM load values (r = - .402; r = - .370, p < 0.05, respectively). Consequently, it was suggested that movement velocity is not an important component for performance parameters as 5 meter sprint and jumping height

References

  • Aşçı A. Çabuk kuvvet gelişiminde kuvvet eşiğinin belirlenmesi (doktora tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Ankara. 2001.
  • Ashley CD. Weiss LW. Vertical jump performance and selected physiological characteristics of women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1994; 8(1). 5-11.
  • Baker D, Nance S. The relation between strength and power in professional rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1999; 13(3): 224-229.
  • Bartlett R. Introduction to sports biomechanic: Analysing human movement patterns 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge. 2007.
  • Baughman M, Takaha M, Tellez T. Sprint training. National Strength and Conditioning Association. 1984; 6(3): 34-36.
  • Beachle TR, Earle RW, Wathen D. Resistance training. In Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 3rd ed., Beachle TR and Earle RW, eds., United States: Human Kinetics. 2008. 381-412.
  • Bird SP. Tarpenning KM. Marino FE. Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness. A review of the acute programme variables. Sports Medicine, 2005; 35(10): 841-851.
  • Boreham C. The physiology of sprint and power training. In The physiology of training: Advances in sport and exercise science series. Whyte G. Eds. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2006: 117-134.
  • Cormie P. McCaulley GO. Triplett NT. McBride JM. Optimal loading for maximal power output during lower body resistance exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2007; 39(2): 340-349.
  • Cormie P. McGuigan MR. Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 2 - training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Medicine, 2011; 41(2): 125-146.
  • Crewther B. Cronin J. Koegh J. Possible stimuli for strength and power adaptation: Acute mechanical responses. Sports Medicine, 2006; 36(1): 65-78.
  • Cronin JB. McNair PJ. Marshall RN. Developing explosive power: A comparison of technique and training. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2001; 4(1): 59-70.
  • Delecluse C. Van-Coppenolle H. Williams E. Van-Leemputte M. Diels R. Goris M. Influence of high resistance and high velocity training on sprint performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1995; 27(8): 1203-1209.
  • Earle RW. Beachle TR. Resistance training and spotting techniques. In Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 3rd ed., Beachle TR and Earle RW, Eds. United States: Human Kinetics. 2008. 325-376.
  • Edman KAP, Elzinga G. Noble MIM. Enhancement of mechanical performance contractions of vertebrate skeletal muscle fibres. The Journal by of Physiology. 1978; 281: 139-155. stretch during tetanic
  • Fry AC. The role of resistance exercise intensity on muscle fiber adaptations. Sports Medicine, 2004; 34(10): 663-679.
  • Gabbett TJ, Johns J, Riemann M. Performance changes following training in junior rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(3): 910-917.
  • Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Sanchez-Medina L. Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010; 31(5): 347-352.
  • Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Marques MC, Sanchez-Medina L. The importance of movement velocity as a measure to control resistance training intensity. Journal of Human Kinetics (Special Issue), 2011; 29A. 15-19.
  • Izquierdo M, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Hakkinen H, Ibanez J, Kraemer WJ, Altadill A, Eslava J, Gorostiaga EM. Effect of loading on unintentional lifting velocity declines during single sets of repetition to failure during upper and lower extremity muscle actions. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006; 27(9): 718-724.
  • Kawamori N, Newton RU. Velocity specificity of resistance training: Actual movement velocity versus intention to move explosively. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 2006; 28(2): 86-91.
  • Kraemer WJ, Fleck SJ, Deschenes M. A review: Factors in exercise prescription of resistance training Strength and Conditioning Journal, 1988; 10(5): 36-42.
  • Kraemer WJ, Ratamess RA. Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Medicine Sciences and Sports Exercise, 2004; 36(4): 674-688.
  • Kraemer JW, Vinger LJ. Muscle anatomy. In Strength training: National strength and conditioning association. Brown EL. Eds. United States: Human Kinetics. 2007. 3-28.
  • Lieber RL, Friden J. Functional and clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture. Muscle Nerve, 2000; 23(11): 1647- 1666.
  • Marques MC, Gil H, Ramos R, Costa AM, Marinho DA. Relationship between vertical jump strength metrics and 5 meters sprint times. Journal of Human Kinetics, 2011; 29: 115- 122.
  • Marques MC, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Relationship between strength parameters and squat jump performance in trained athletes. Journal Motricidade, 2011; 7(4): 43-48.
  • Pareja-Blanco F, Sanchez-Medina L, Suarez-Arrones L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Resistance training with lower velocity loss within a set produces greater strength. 16th Annual Congress of the ECSS. 6-9 July. Liverpool. UK. 2011.
  • Pareja-Blanco F, Rodriguez-Rosell D, Sanchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on neuromuscular performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014; 35(11): 1-9.
  • Pearson SN, Cronin JB, Hume PA, Slyfield D. Kinematics and kinetics of the bench press and bench pull exercises in a strength-trained sporting population. Sports Biomechanics, 2009; 8(3): 245-254.
  • Pereira MIR, Gomes PSC. Movement velocity in resistance training. Sports Medicine, 2003; 33(6): 427-438.
  • Rahmani A, Viale F, Dalleau G, Lacour JR. Force / velocity and power / velocity relationship in squat exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2001; 84(3): 227-232.
  • Requena B, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Villareal ESS, Ereline J, Garcia I, Gapeyeva H, Paasuke M. Functional performance maximal strength and power characteristics in isometric and dynamic actions of lower extremities in soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2009; 23(5): 1391-1401.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE,
  • Gonzales-Badillo JJ.
  • Importance of the propulsive phase in strength assessment.
  • International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010; 31(2): 123-129.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Garcia-Pallares J, Perez CE, Fernandes J, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Estimation of relative load from mean velocity in the full squat exercise. 16th Annual Congress of the ECSS. 6-9 July. Liverpool. UK. 2011.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Velocity loss as an indicator of neuromuscular fatigue during resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2011; 43(9): 1725-1734.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Perez CE, Garcia- Pallares J. Velocity and power - load relationship of the bench pull vs. bench press exercises. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014; 35(3): 209-216.
  • Santos EJAM, Janeira MAAS. Effects of complex training on explosive strength in adolescent male basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(3): 903-909.
  • Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Anderson JM, Armstrong LE, Nindl BC, Volek JS, Maresh CM. Resistance exercise biology. Manipulation of resistance exercise programme variables determines the responses of cellular and molecular signaling pathways. Sports Medicine, 2008; 38: 527-540
  • Turner AP, Unholz CN, Potts N, Coleman SGS. Peak power, force and velocity during jump squats in professional rugby players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2012; 26(6): 1594-1600.
  • Zatsiorsky VM. Kinematics of human motion. United States: Human Kinetics. 1998.

The investigation of relationships among sprint and jump performance with velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise

Year 2014, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 36 - 44, 07.03.2015

Abstract

The basic purpose of this study was to investigate of the relationships with sprint and jump performance of velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise and to determine which variable was associated with which loading. For this purpose, thirty-two men amateur athletes (age: 20.4 ± 1.98 years; height: 179.3 ± 7.23 cm; weight: 73.5 ± 9.85 kg) who actively involved in sports and have a basic level of force participated in voluntarily to this study. In the study, one repetition maximum (1RM) full squat (SQ) strength test, vertical jump test, 5 meters and 30 meters sprint test were applied. The descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis was used for statistical evaluation of datas. According to analysis results; it was obtained that mean velocity (MV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) values during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise performed in different loads were decreased in parallel with load increase. In addition, it was obtained that there was no statistically a significant relationships between 5 meters sprint times and vertical jump performance with MV, MPV and PV values during propulsive phase of full back SQ exercise performed at different loads of 1RM (p > 0.05). Conversely, it was obtained that there was a mean level, negative and statistically significant relationship between 30 meters sprint times with MV during propulsive phase of full back SQ movement performed at 20 % and % 90 of 1RM load values (r = - .412; r =  - .399, p < 0.05, respectively) and PV values obtained at 40 % and 60 % of 1RM load values (r = - .402; r =  - .370, p < 0.05, respectively). Consequently, it was suggested that movement velocity is not an important component for performance parameters as 5 meter sprint and jumping height.

References

  • Aşçı A. Çabuk kuvvet gelişiminde kuvvet eşiğinin belirlenmesi (doktora tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Ankara. 2001.
  • Ashley CD. Weiss LW. Vertical jump performance and selected physiological characteristics of women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1994; 8(1). 5-11.
  • Baker D, Nance S. The relation between strength and power in professional rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1999; 13(3): 224-229.
  • Bartlett R. Introduction to sports biomechanic: Analysing human movement patterns 2nd ed. Oxon: Routledge. 2007.
  • Baughman M, Takaha M, Tellez T. Sprint training. National Strength and Conditioning Association. 1984; 6(3): 34-36.
  • Beachle TR, Earle RW, Wathen D. Resistance training. In Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 3rd ed., Beachle TR and Earle RW, eds., United States: Human Kinetics. 2008. 381-412.
  • Bird SP. Tarpenning KM. Marino FE. Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness. A review of the acute programme variables. Sports Medicine, 2005; 35(10): 841-851.
  • Boreham C. The physiology of sprint and power training. In The physiology of training: Advances in sport and exercise science series. Whyte G. Eds. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. 2006: 117-134.
  • Cormie P. McCaulley GO. Triplett NT. McBride JM. Optimal loading for maximal power output during lower body resistance exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2007; 39(2): 340-349.
  • Cormie P. McGuigan MR. Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 2 - training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Medicine, 2011; 41(2): 125-146.
  • Crewther B. Cronin J. Koegh J. Possible stimuli for strength and power adaptation: Acute mechanical responses. Sports Medicine, 2006; 36(1): 65-78.
  • Cronin JB. McNair PJ. Marshall RN. Developing explosive power: A comparison of technique and training. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2001; 4(1): 59-70.
  • Delecluse C. Van-Coppenolle H. Williams E. Van-Leemputte M. Diels R. Goris M. Influence of high resistance and high velocity training on sprint performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 1995; 27(8): 1203-1209.
  • Earle RW. Beachle TR. Resistance training and spotting techniques. In Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 3rd ed., Beachle TR and Earle RW, Eds. United States: Human Kinetics. 2008. 325-376.
  • Edman KAP, Elzinga G. Noble MIM. Enhancement of mechanical performance contractions of vertebrate skeletal muscle fibres. The Journal by of Physiology. 1978; 281: 139-155. stretch during tetanic
  • Fry AC. The role of resistance exercise intensity on muscle fiber adaptations. Sports Medicine, 2004; 34(10): 663-679.
  • Gabbett TJ, Johns J, Riemann M. Performance changes following training in junior rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(3): 910-917.
  • Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Sanchez-Medina L. Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010; 31(5): 347-352.
  • Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Marques MC, Sanchez-Medina L. The importance of movement velocity as a measure to control resistance training intensity. Journal of Human Kinetics (Special Issue), 2011; 29A. 15-19.
  • Izquierdo M, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Hakkinen H, Ibanez J, Kraemer WJ, Altadill A, Eslava J, Gorostiaga EM. Effect of loading on unintentional lifting velocity declines during single sets of repetition to failure during upper and lower extremity muscle actions. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2006; 27(9): 718-724.
  • Kawamori N, Newton RU. Velocity specificity of resistance training: Actual movement velocity versus intention to move explosively. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 2006; 28(2): 86-91.
  • Kraemer WJ, Fleck SJ, Deschenes M. A review: Factors in exercise prescription of resistance training Strength and Conditioning Journal, 1988; 10(5): 36-42.
  • Kraemer WJ, Ratamess RA. Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Medicine Sciences and Sports Exercise, 2004; 36(4): 674-688.
  • Kraemer JW, Vinger LJ. Muscle anatomy. In Strength training: National strength and conditioning association. Brown EL. Eds. United States: Human Kinetics. 2007. 3-28.
  • Lieber RL, Friden J. Functional and clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture. Muscle Nerve, 2000; 23(11): 1647- 1666.
  • Marques MC, Gil H, Ramos R, Costa AM, Marinho DA. Relationship between vertical jump strength metrics and 5 meters sprint times. Journal of Human Kinetics, 2011; 29: 115- 122.
  • Marques MC, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Relationship between strength parameters and squat jump performance in trained athletes. Journal Motricidade, 2011; 7(4): 43-48.
  • Pareja-Blanco F, Sanchez-Medina L, Suarez-Arrones L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Resistance training with lower velocity loss within a set produces greater strength. 16th Annual Congress of the ECSS. 6-9 July. Liverpool. UK. 2011.
  • Pareja-Blanco F, Rodriguez-Rosell D, Sanchez-Medina L, Gorostiaga EM, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on neuromuscular performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014; 35(11): 1-9.
  • Pearson SN, Cronin JB, Hume PA, Slyfield D. Kinematics and kinetics of the bench press and bench pull exercises in a strength-trained sporting population. Sports Biomechanics, 2009; 8(3): 245-254.
  • Pereira MIR, Gomes PSC. Movement velocity in resistance training. Sports Medicine, 2003; 33(6): 427-438.
  • Rahmani A, Viale F, Dalleau G, Lacour JR. Force / velocity and power / velocity relationship in squat exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2001; 84(3): 227-232.
  • Requena B, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Villareal ESS, Ereline J, Garcia I, Gapeyeva H, Paasuke M. Functional performance maximal strength and power characteristics in isometric and dynamic actions of lower extremities in soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2009; 23(5): 1391-1401.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Perez CE,
  • Gonzales-Badillo JJ.
  • Importance of the propulsive phase in strength assessment.
  • International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010; 31(2): 123-129.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Garcia-Pallares J, Perez CE, Fernandes J, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Estimation of relative load from mean velocity in the full squat exercise. 16th Annual Congress of the ECSS. 6-9 July. Liverpool. UK. 2011.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ. Velocity loss as an indicator of neuromuscular fatigue during resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2011; 43(9): 1725-1734.
  • Sanchez-Medina L, Gonzales-Badillo JJ, Perez CE, Garcia- Pallares J. Velocity and power - load relationship of the bench pull vs. bench press exercises. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014; 35(3): 209-216.
  • Santos EJAM, Janeira MAAS. Effects of complex training on explosive strength in adolescent male basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(3): 903-909.
  • Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Anderson JM, Armstrong LE, Nindl BC, Volek JS, Maresh CM. Resistance exercise biology. Manipulation of resistance exercise programme variables determines the responses of cellular and molecular signaling pathways. Sports Medicine, 2008; 38: 527-540
  • Turner AP, Unholz CN, Potts N, Coleman SGS. Peak power, force and velocity during jump squats in professional rugby players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2012; 26(6): 1594-1600.
  • Zatsiorsky VM. Kinematics of human motion. United States: Human Kinetics. 1998.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ibrahim Can

Hamit Cıhan This is me

Erdal Arı

Publication Date March 7, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Can, I., Cıhan, H., & Arı, E. (2015). The investigation of relationships among sprint and jump performance with velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 16(3), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.25497
AMA Can I, Cıhan H, Arı E. The investigation of relationships among sprint and jump performance with velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise. Turk J Sport Exe. March 2015;16(3):36-44. doi:10.15314/tjse.25497
Chicago Can, Ibrahim, Hamit Cıhan, and Erdal Arı. “The Investigation of Relationships Among Sprint and Jump Performance With Velocity Parameters During Propulsive Phase of Full Back Squat Exercise”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 16, no. 3 (March 2015): 36-44. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.25497.
EndNote Can I, Cıhan H, Arı E (March 1, 2015) The investigation of relationships among sprint and jump performance with velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 16 3 36–44.
IEEE I. Can, H. Cıhan, and E. Arı, “The investigation of relationships among sprint and jump performance with velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise”, Turk J Sport Exe, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 36–44, 2015, doi: 10.15314/tjse.25497.
ISNAD Can, Ibrahim et al. “The Investigation of Relationships Among Sprint and Jump Performance With Velocity Parameters During Propulsive Phase of Full Back Squat Exercise”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 16/3 (March 2015), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.25497.
JAMA Can I, Cıhan H, Arı E. The investigation of relationships among sprint and jump performance with velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise. Turk J Sport Exe. 2015;16:36–44.
MLA Can, Ibrahim et al. “The Investigation of Relationships Among Sprint and Jump Performance With Velocity Parameters During Propulsive Phase of Full Back Squat Exercise”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, vol. 16, no. 3, 2015, pp. 36-44, doi:10.15314/tjse.25497.
Vancouver Can I, Cıhan H, Arı E. The investigation of relationships among sprint and jump performance with velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise. Turk J Sport Exe. 2015;16(3):36-44.

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