Research Article
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Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 21 - 27, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.522732

Abstract

References

  • Abbiss CR, Laursen PB. Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Medicine, 2008; 38(3): 239-252.
  • Aisbett B, Le Rossignol P, McConell GK, Abbiss CR, Snow R. Effects of starting strategy on 5-min cycling time-trial performance. Journal of sports sciences, 2009; 27(11): 1201-1209.
  • Aschmann A, Knechtle B, Onywera V, Nikolaidis PT. Pacing strategies in the New York City Marathon-Does nationality of finishers matter?. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2018; 9(2): 1a-1a.
  • Bishop D, Bonetti D, Dawson B. The influence of pacing strategy on VO2 and supramaximal kayak performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002; 34(6): 1041-1047.
  • Carmo ECD, Barretti DLM, Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli VAA. Estratégia de corrida em média e longa distância: como ocorrem os ajustes de velocidade ao longo da prova?. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, 2012; 26(2): 351-363.
  • Diaz JJ, Fernandez-Ozcorta EJ, Santos-Concejero J. The influence of pacing strategy on marathon world records. European journal of sport science, 2018; 1-6.
  • Ely MR, Martin DE, Cheuvront SN, Montain SJ. Effect of ambient temperature on marathon pacing is dependent on runner ability. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008; 40(9): 1675-1680.
  • Filipas L, Ballati EN, Bonato M, La Torre A, Piacentini MF. Elite Male and Female 800-m runners Display Different Pacing Strategies During Seasons Best Performances’. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2018; 1-20.
  • Foster C, De Koning JJ, Hettinga F, Lampen J, La Clair KL, Dodge C, Bobbert M, Porcari JP. Pattern of energy expenditure during simulated competition. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003; 35(5): 826-831.
  • Foster C, de Koning J, Bakkum A, Kloppenburg S, Porcari JP, Splinter A, Thiel C, van Tunen J. What is Pacing? In: Pacing: Individual strategies for optimal performance, Kevin, GT, ed., (pp. 3-5). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2005.
  • Hanley, B. An analysis of pacing profiles of world-class racewalkers. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2013; 8(4), 435-441.
  • Hanley, B. Senior men’s pacing profiles at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Journal of sports sciences, 2014; 32(11), 1060-1065.
  • Hanley, B. Pacing profiles and pack running at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Journal of sports sciences, 2015; 33(11), 1189-1195.
  • Hanley, B. Pacing, packing and sex-based differences in Olympic and IAAF World Championship marathons. Journal of sports sciences, 2016; 34(17), 1675-1681.
  • Hanley, B. Pacing profiles of senior men and women at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Journal of sports sciences, 2018; 36(12), 1402-1406.
  • Hanon C, Thomas C. Effects of optimal pacing strategies for 400-, 800-, and 1500-m races on the [Vdot] O2 response. Journal of sports sciences, 2011; 29(9): 905-912.
  • http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-half-marathon, (Access Date: 25.01.0219)
  • https://www.goteborgsvarvet.se/en/goteborgsvarvet-half-marathon/, (Access Date: 25.01.0219)
  • Kais Ü, Pind R, Pehme A, Kaasik P, Mooses M. Pacing Strategy of The Finishers of The World Marathon Majors Series. Kinesiology: International journal of fundamental and applied kinesiology, 2019; 51(1): 5-6.
  • Konings MJ, Hettinga FJ. Pacing Decision Making in Sport and the Effects of Interpersonal Competition: A Critical Review. Sports Medicine, 2018; 1-15.
  • Maffetone PB, Malcata R, Rivera I, Laursen PB. The Boston Marathon versus the World Marathon Majors. PloS one, 2017; 12(9): e0184024.
  • Nevill AM, Whyte G. Are there limits to running world records?. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2005; 37(10), 1785-1788.
  • Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Effect of age and performance on pacing of marathon runners. Open access journal of sports medicine, 2017; 8, 171.
  • Nikolaidis PT, Villiger E, Knechtle B. The effect of sex and performance level on pacing in cross-country skiers: Vasaloppet 2004-2017. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2018
  • Pageaux B. The psychobiological model of endurance performance: An effort-based decision-making theory to explain self-paced endurance performance. Sports Medicine, 2014; 44(9): 1319.
  • Pageaux B, Lepers R. Fatigue induced by physical and mental exertion increases perception of effort and impairs subsequent endurance performance. Front Physiol, 2016; 7: 587.
  • Renfree A, Gibson ASC. Influence of different performance levels on pacing strategy during the Women’s World Championship marathon race. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2013; 8(3): 279-285.
  • Robinson DT, Cloak R, Lahart IM, Lane AM. Do I focus on the process of cycling or try to put my mind elsewhere? A comparison of concentration strategies for use in pacing by novice riders. In: Sport and the Brain: The Science of Preparing, Enduring and Winning, Part C, Chapter 8 (Vol. 240), Samuele, M and Mustafa, S, eds. Academic Press: Elsevier. 2018, p.128
  • Roelands B, de Koning J, Foster C, Hettinga F, Meeusen R. Neurophysiological determinants of theoretical concepts and mechanisms involved in pacing. Sports Medicine, 2013; 43(5): 301-311.
  • Sandals LE, Wood DM, Draper SB, James DVB. Influence of pacing strategy on oxygen uptake during treadmill middle-distance running. International journal of sports medicine, 2006; 27(01): 37-42.
  • Santos-Lozano A, Collado PS, Foster C, Lucia A, Garatachea N. Influence of sex and level on marathon pacing strategy. Insights from the New York City race. International journal of sports medicine, 2014; 35(11): 933-938.
  • Skorski S, Abbiss CR. The manipulation of pace within endurance sport. Frontiers in physiology, 2017; 8, 102.
  • Smyth B. Fast starters and slow finishers: A large-scale data analysis of pacing at the beginning and end of the marathon for recreational runners. Journal of Sports Analytics, (Preprint), 2018; 1-14.
  • Thiel C, Foster C, Banzer W, De Koning J. Pacing in Olympic track races: competitive tactics versus best performance strategy. Journal of sports sciences, 2012; 30(11): 1107-1115.
  • Tucker R, Noakes TD. The physiological regulation of pacing strategy during exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009; 43(e1): 1-9.
  • Van Biesen D, Hettinga FJ, McCulloch K, Vanlandewijck Y. Pacing profiles in competitive track races: regulation of exercise intensity is related to cognitive ability. Frontiers in physiology, 2016; 7: 624.
  • Zacharogiannis E, Paradisis G, Pilianidis T, Tsolakis C, Smirniotou A. Pacing at vVO 2 Peak: Metabolic and Performance Profile. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 2015; 18(2).

The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 21 - 27, 30.04.2019
https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.522732

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine, on the basis of
performance levels, running pace profiles of the male runners (n=2095) who
completed the 40th International Istanbul Marathon in less than 6 hours. While
0-35 km of the marathon was divided into 5 km long sections, 35-42.2 km of it
was determined as the last segment which was 7.2 km. The average speeds of the
running pace of the athletes in the determined segments were calculated.
Performance groups were evaluated in 8 different groups with the athletes
completing the race in the finishing time slower than the winner’s race time.
The difference between performance groups and
successive segments was evaluated with Mixed Anova.
The results of the Mixed Anova analysis showed that
there were statistically significant differences between inter-segments race
profiles depending on the performance level (p<0.000). Overall, the
athletes showed an increasing pace in all the performance groups in the first
ten kilometers of the race (p<0.001). The highest level of the
performance group showed an even pace in the segments between 10 and 25 km,
while it fell between 25 and 30 km and continue at this level between 30 and 35
km. In other groups, it was observed that the speeds fell inversely
proportional to the performance in the segments between 10 and 35 km (p<0.05).
In the last 7.2 km segment, it was observed that the athletes with the highest
level of performance had a decrease in pace and the rate of decrease in the
pace was lower in the groups with lower performance level. Only in the slowest
group of athletes, the pace was observed to increase in the last segment.
Considering the whole race, it was seen that the athletes showed a pace profile
close to the positive pace profile in general.

References

  • Abbiss CR, Laursen PB. Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Medicine, 2008; 38(3): 239-252.
  • Aisbett B, Le Rossignol P, McConell GK, Abbiss CR, Snow R. Effects of starting strategy on 5-min cycling time-trial performance. Journal of sports sciences, 2009; 27(11): 1201-1209.
  • Aschmann A, Knechtle B, Onywera V, Nikolaidis PT. Pacing strategies in the New York City Marathon-Does nationality of finishers matter?. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2018; 9(2): 1a-1a.
  • Bishop D, Bonetti D, Dawson B. The influence of pacing strategy on VO2 and supramaximal kayak performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2002; 34(6): 1041-1047.
  • Carmo ECD, Barretti DLM, Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli VAA. Estratégia de corrida em média e longa distância: como ocorrem os ajustes de velocidade ao longo da prova?. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, 2012; 26(2): 351-363.
  • Diaz JJ, Fernandez-Ozcorta EJ, Santos-Concejero J. The influence of pacing strategy on marathon world records. European journal of sport science, 2018; 1-6.
  • Ely MR, Martin DE, Cheuvront SN, Montain SJ. Effect of ambient temperature on marathon pacing is dependent on runner ability. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008; 40(9): 1675-1680.
  • Filipas L, Ballati EN, Bonato M, La Torre A, Piacentini MF. Elite Male and Female 800-m runners Display Different Pacing Strategies During Seasons Best Performances’. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2018; 1-20.
  • Foster C, De Koning JJ, Hettinga F, Lampen J, La Clair KL, Dodge C, Bobbert M, Porcari JP. Pattern of energy expenditure during simulated competition. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003; 35(5): 826-831.
  • Foster C, de Koning J, Bakkum A, Kloppenburg S, Porcari JP, Splinter A, Thiel C, van Tunen J. What is Pacing? In: Pacing: Individual strategies for optimal performance, Kevin, GT, ed., (pp. 3-5). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2005.
  • Hanley, B. An analysis of pacing profiles of world-class racewalkers. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2013; 8(4), 435-441.
  • Hanley, B. Senior men’s pacing profiles at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Journal of sports sciences, 2014; 32(11), 1060-1065.
  • Hanley, B. Pacing profiles and pack running at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships. Journal of sports sciences, 2015; 33(11), 1189-1195.
  • Hanley, B. Pacing, packing and sex-based differences in Olympic and IAAF World Championship marathons. Journal of sports sciences, 2016; 34(17), 1675-1681.
  • Hanley, B. Pacing profiles of senior men and women at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Journal of sports sciences, 2018; 36(12), 1402-1406.
  • Hanon C, Thomas C. Effects of optimal pacing strategies for 400-, 800-, and 1500-m races on the [Vdot] O2 response. Journal of sports sciences, 2011; 29(9): 905-912.
  • http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-half-marathon, (Access Date: 25.01.0219)
  • https://www.goteborgsvarvet.se/en/goteborgsvarvet-half-marathon/, (Access Date: 25.01.0219)
  • Kais Ü, Pind R, Pehme A, Kaasik P, Mooses M. Pacing Strategy of The Finishers of The World Marathon Majors Series. Kinesiology: International journal of fundamental and applied kinesiology, 2019; 51(1): 5-6.
  • Konings MJ, Hettinga FJ. Pacing Decision Making in Sport and the Effects of Interpersonal Competition: A Critical Review. Sports Medicine, 2018; 1-15.
  • Maffetone PB, Malcata R, Rivera I, Laursen PB. The Boston Marathon versus the World Marathon Majors. PloS one, 2017; 12(9): e0184024.
  • Nevill AM, Whyte G. Are there limits to running world records?. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2005; 37(10), 1785-1788.
  • Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B. Effect of age and performance on pacing of marathon runners. Open access journal of sports medicine, 2017; 8, 171.
  • Nikolaidis PT, Villiger E, Knechtle B. The effect of sex and performance level on pacing in cross-country skiers: Vasaloppet 2004-2017. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2018
  • Pageaux B. The psychobiological model of endurance performance: An effort-based decision-making theory to explain self-paced endurance performance. Sports Medicine, 2014; 44(9): 1319.
  • Pageaux B, Lepers R. Fatigue induced by physical and mental exertion increases perception of effort and impairs subsequent endurance performance. Front Physiol, 2016; 7: 587.
  • Renfree A, Gibson ASC. Influence of different performance levels on pacing strategy during the Women’s World Championship marathon race. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2013; 8(3): 279-285.
  • Robinson DT, Cloak R, Lahart IM, Lane AM. Do I focus on the process of cycling or try to put my mind elsewhere? A comparison of concentration strategies for use in pacing by novice riders. In: Sport and the Brain: The Science of Preparing, Enduring and Winning, Part C, Chapter 8 (Vol. 240), Samuele, M and Mustafa, S, eds. Academic Press: Elsevier. 2018, p.128
  • Roelands B, de Koning J, Foster C, Hettinga F, Meeusen R. Neurophysiological determinants of theoretical concepts and mechanisms involved in pacing. Sports Medicine, 2013; 43(5): 301-311.
  • Sandals LE, Wood DM, Draper SB, James DVB. Influence of pacing strategy on oxygen uptake during treadmill middle-distance running. International journal of sports medicine, 2006; 27(01): 37-42.
  • Santos-Lozano A, Collado PS, Foster C, Lucia A, Garatachea N. Influence of sex and level on marathon pacing strategy. Insights from the New York City race. International journal of sports medicine, 2014; 35(11): 933-938.
  • Skorski S, Abbiss CR. The manipulation of pace within endurance sport. Frontiers in physiology, 2017; 8, 102.
  • Smyth B. Fast starters and slow finishers: A large-scale data analysis of pacing at the beginning and end of the marathon for recreational runners. Journal of Sports Analytics, (Preprint), 2018; 1-14.
  • Thiel C, Foster C, Banzer W, De Koning J. Pacing in Olympic track races: competitive tactics versus best performance strategy. Journal of sports sciences, 2012; 30(11): 1107-1115.
  • Tucker R, Noakes TD. The physiological regulation of pacing strategy during exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009; 43(e1): 1-9.
  • Van Biesen D, Hettinga FJ, McCulloch K, Vanlandewijck Y. Pacing profiles in competitive track races: regulation of exercise intensity is related to cognitive ability. Frontiers in physiology, 2016; 7: 624.
  • Zacharogiannis E, Paradisis G, Pilianidis T, Tsolakis C, Smirniotou A. Pacing at vVO 2 Peak: Metabolic and Performance Profile. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 2015; 18(2).
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Celil Kaçoğlu 0000-0002-1817-5234

Publication Date April 30, 2019
Acceptance Date April 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 21 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaçoğlu, C. (2019). The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 21(1), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.522732
AMA Kaçoğlu C. The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon. Turk J Sport Exe. April 2019;21(1):21-27. doi:10.15314/tsed.522732
Chicago Kaçoğlu, Celil. “The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 21, no. 1 (April 2019): 21-27. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.522732.
EndNote Kaçoğlu C (April 1, 2019) The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 21 1 21–27.
IEEE C. Kaçoğlu, “The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon”, Turk J Sport Exe, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 21–27, 2019, doi: 10.15314/tsed.522732.
ISNAD Kaçoğlu, Celil. “The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 21/1 (April 2019), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.522732.
JAMA Kaçoğlu C. The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon. Turk J Sport Exe. 2019;21:21–27.
MLA Kaçoğlu, Celil. “The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, vol. 21, no. 1, 2019, pp. 21-27, doi:10.15314/tsed.522732.
Vancouver Kaçoğlu C. The Analysis of The Pacing Profiles Based on The Performance Level of The Finishers in The Istanbul Marathon. Turk J Sport Exe. 2019;21(1):21-7.

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