Determination Of The Motor Development Levels Of 9-10 Years Old Children

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 352 - 359, 06.09.2020

Mustafa Gürker Tepe İbrahim Şahin Tolga Kalebozan

Abstract

The aim of this research was to observe the level of motor development of a group of students aged 9-10. Ninety-three students (42 girls, 51 boys) from the TAF Mehmetcik Foundation Hafize İhsan Payaza Primary School have voluntarily attended the research from Çankaya District in Ankara, Turkey. The children who were in the experimental group had the sub-tests of Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2); Manipulative skills and object control skill tests and each of them was graded. For each activity of the tests, 1 point was given if the students were successful and 0 points if not. At the end of the grading of each trial, total grades ached for each activity. Total grades were calculated for each skill and the status was defined. The result of this study will be useful for the students who have completed the basic Movement period of Psycho-motor development phases and who are in the last phase of sportive Movements period of Specific activity skills aged 7-10 years to define their basic motor features and to be guided to the correct sport branches. On one hand, it is aimed to help develop the normative values for the Turkish children using the TGMD-2 which was adapted from the test which is widely used in scientific researches while on the other hand, the development of basic motor properties based on anthropometric characteristics will be able to observe.

Keywords

Motor Skills, Child, Motor Performance, Motor Development, Muscle Development

References

• References 1. Babic, M. J., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Lonsdale, C., White, R. L., Lubans, D. R. (2014). Physical activity and physical self-concept in youth: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 44(11), 1589-1601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0229-z
• 2. Best, J. R. (2010). Effects of physical activity on children’s executive function: Contributions of experimental research on aerobic exercise. Developmental Review, 30(4), 331-351.
• 3. Blakemore, J. E. O., Berenbaum, S. A., Liben, L. S. (2008). Gender development. Psychology Press.
• 4. Boz, M. (2011). 5-6 Yaş Grubu Çocuklara Uygulanan Temel Hareket Eğitim Programının Hareket Becerilerinin Gelişimine Etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çocuk Gelişimi Ve Eğitimi Bilim Dalı, Ankara.
• 5. Boz, M., Güngör Aytar, A. (2012). Büyük Kas Motor Gelişim-2 (TGMD-2) Testinin Türk Çocuklarına Uyarlama Çalışması. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12, 17-24.
• 6. Burton, A. W., Miller, D. E. (1998). Movement skill assessment. Human Kinetics.
• 7. Clark, J. E., Metcalfe, J. S. (2002). The mountain of motor development: A metaphor. Motor development: Research and reviews, 2(163-190), 183-202.
• 8. Cleland, F. E., Gallahue, D. L. (1993). Young children's divergent movement ability. Perceptual and motor skills, 77(2), 535-544.
• 9. Deli, E., Bakle, I., Zachopoulou, E. (2006). Implementing intervention movement programs for kindergarten children. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 4(1), 5-18.
• 10. Derri, V., Tsapakidou, A., Zachopoulou, E., & Kioumourtzoglou, E. (2001). Effect of a music and movement programme on development of locomotor skills by children 4 to 6 years of age. European Journal of Physical Education, 6(1), 16-25.
• 11. Gallahue, D. L. (2002). Classifying movement skills: A case for multidimensional models. Revista da Educacao Fisca/UEM, 13(2), 105-111.
• 12. Garcia, C. (1994). Gender differences in young children's interactions when learning fundamental motor skills. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 65(3), 213-225.
• 13. Goodway, J. D., Rudisill, M. E. (1997). Perceived physical competence and actual motor skill competence of African American preschool children. Adapted physical activity quarterly, 14(4), 314-326.
• 14. Haubenstricker, J., Seefeldt, V. (1986). Acquisition of motor skills during childhood. Physical activity and well-being, 1986, 41-92.
• 15. Karagöz, H. (2009). Sporun İlköğretimde Okuyan 8 Yaş Grubu Çocuklarının Temel Motor Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi, Kütahya.
• 16. London, R. A., Castrechini, S. (2011). A longitudinal examination of the link between youth physical fitness and academic achievement. Journal of School Health, 81(7), 400-408.
• 17. Lorson, K. M., Goodway, J. D. (2008). Gender differences in throwing form of children ages 6–8 years during a throwing game. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(2), 174-182.
• 18. Muratlı, S. (2007). Çocuk ve Spor. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• 19. Piek, J. P., Dawson, L., Smith, L. M., Gasson, N. (2008). The role of early fine and gross motor development on later motor and cognitive ability. Human movement science, 27(5), 668-681.
• 20. Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues, L. P., D’Hondt, E. (2015). Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health. Sports medicine, 45(9), 1273-1284.. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6
• 21. Seefeldt, V. (1980). Developmental motor patterns: Implications for elementary school physical education. Psychology of motor behavior and sport, 36(6), 314-323.
• 22. Sevimay, D. (1986). Okul Öncesi Çağı Çocuklarının Motor Performanslarının İncelenmesi. Bilim uzmanlığı tezi (basılmamış). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• 23. Sterdt, E., Liersch, S., Walter, U. (2014). Correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews. Health Education Journal, 73(1), 72–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896912469578
• 24. Stodden, D. F., True, L. K., Langendorfer, S. J., Gao, Z. (2013). Associations Among Selected Motor Skills and Health-Related Fitness: Indirect Evidence for Seefeldt's Proficiency Barrier in Young Adults?, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84:3, 397-403, DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2013.814910
• 25. Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290-306., DOI: 10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
• 26. Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., ..., Rowland, T. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. The Journal of pediatrics, 146(6), 732-737.
• 27. Strooband, K. F., Rosnay, M., Okely, A. D., Veldman, S. L. (2020). Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses: Motor Skill Interventions to Improve Fine Motor Development in Children Aged Birth to 6 Years. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: JDBP.
• 28. Tepeli, K. (2007). Büyük Kas Becerilerini Ölçme Testi (BüKBÖT)’nin Türkiye Standardizasyonu. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya.
• 29. Tavşan, O. (1997). 09-11 Yaş Grubu Çocuklarında Denge, Çabukluk Sürat ve Atlama Yetenekleri Konusunda Bir Araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
• 30. Ulrich, D. A., Sanford, C. B. (1985). Test of gross motor development. Austin, TX: Pro-ed.
• 31. Ulrich, D. A. (2000). Test of Gross Motor Development, Examiner’s manual. Pro-ED. Inc., Austin, Texas.
• 32. Wang, J. H. T. (2004). A study on gross motor skills of preschool children. Journal of research in childhood education, 19(1), 32-43.
• 33. Williams, H. G., Pfeiffer, K. A., O'neill, J. R., Dowda, M., McIver, K. L., Brown, W. H., Pate, R. R. (2008). Motor skill performance and physical activity in preschool children. Obesity, 16(6), 1421-1426.
• 34. Valentini, N. C., Rudisill, M. E. (2004). Motivational climate, motor-skill development, and perceived competence: Two studies of developmentally delayed kindergarten children. Journal of teaching in physical education, 23(3), 216-234.
• 35. Zachopoulou, E., Makri, A. (2005). A developmental perspective of divergent movement ability in early young children. Early Child Development and Care, 175(1), 85-95.