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The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary findings)

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 254 - 260, 31.08.2025

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of eccentric contraction performed at different angular velocities (60°/s and 150°/s) on jump performance and to comparatively evaluate the contribution of eccentric loading at different velocities to the post activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effect. The study was completed in three sessions with 8 male participants. In the first session, anthropometric measurements, dominant leg determination, vertical jump test performance for the control condition and Familirization for eccentric contraction were performed. The next sessions were randomized at 48-hour intervals. In the second session, participants performed a single set of 5 repetitions (rep) maximal eccentric contractions at an angular velocity of 60°/s and after a 7-minute transition phase, vertical jump tests were performed. In the third session, participants performed a single set of 5 rep. maximal eccentric contractions at an angular velocity of 150°/s and after a 7-minute transition phase, vertical jump tests were performed. The results showed that two different angular velocities had no statistically significant effect on jumping performance (p>0.05). However, when compared with the control condition, 150°/s (+2.24 cm) has a higher delta value than 60°/s (+0.71 cm). As a result, especially eccentric contractions applied at higher angular velocity showed an increases in jump performance, indicating that angular velocity may be an important factor in the emergence of the PAPE effect ( Cohen d: 0.56).

Thanks

We would like to thank all participants for their participation and Atakan Boztaş for their valuable contributions to this study.

References

  • 1. Perez-Gomez J, Calbet J. Training methods to improve vertical jump performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013;53(4):339-57.
  • 2. Scott SL, Docherty D. Acute effects of heavy preloading on vertical and horizontal jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2004;18(2):201-5.
  • 3. Tobin DP, Delahunt E. The acute effect of a plyometric stimulus on jump performance in professional rugby players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2014;28(2):367-72.
  • 4. Genç S, Güdücü Ç, Çek ME, Mancı E, Günay E. The effect of resistance based post-activation performance enhancement interventions at different loads on maximal voluntary isometric contraction and muscle activation: Preliminary findings. Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 2025;33(2):161-70.
  • 5. Dobbs WC, Tolusso DV, Fedewa MV, Esco MR. Effect of postactivation potentiation on explosive vertical jump: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2019;33(7):2009-18.
  • 6. Smith IC, MacIntosh BR. A comment on “A new taxonomy for postactivation potentiation in sport”. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2021;16(2):163-.
  • 7. Genç S, Mancı E, Güdücü Ç, Günay E. Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) interventions at different loads may enhance sprint performance in well-trained athletes. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi. 2024;59(3):088-93.
  • 8. Loturco I, Pereira LA, Zabaloy S, Mercer VP, Moura TB, Freitas TT, et al. No Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Following a Single Set of Plyometric or Flywheel Exercises in National Team Rugby Players. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(21).
  • 9. Stastny P, Kolinger D, Pisz A, Wilk M, Petruzela J, Krzysztofik M. Effects of eccentric speed during front squat conditioning activity on post-activation performance enhancement of hip and thigh muscles. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2024;91(Spec Issue):5.
  • 10. Lindstedt SL, LaStayo P, Reich T. When active muscles lengthen: properties and consequences of eccentric contractions. Physiology. 2001;16(6):256-61.
  • 11. Douglas J, Pearson S, Ross A, McGuigan M. Eccentric exercise: physiological characteristics and acute responses. Sports Medicine. 2017;47:663-75.
  • 12. Vogt M, Hoppeler HH. Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct. Journal of applied Physiology. 2014.
  • 13. Bright TE, Handford MJ, Mundy P, Lake J, Theis N, Hughes JD. Building for the future: a systematic review of the effects of eccentric resistance training on measures of physical performance in youth athletes. Sports Medicine. 2023;53(6):1219-54.
  • 14. Sarto F, Franchi M, Rigon P, Grigoletto D, Zoffoli L, Zanuso S, et al. Muscle activation during leg-press exercise with or without eccentric overload. European journal of applied physiology. 2020;120(7):1651-6.
  • 15. Buker N, Savkin R, Suzer A, Akkaya N. Effect of eccentric and concentric squat exercise on quadriceps thickness and lower extremity performance in healthy young males. Acta Gymnica. 2021.
  • 16. Akınoğlu B, Paköz B, Yilmaz AE, Shehu SU, Kocahan T. Effect of contraction type at varying angular velocities on isokinetic muscle strength training. Journal of exercise rehabilitation. 2023;19(4):228.
  • 17. Michaut A, Pousson M, Babault N, Van Hoecke J. Is eccentric exercise-induced torque decrease contraction type dependent? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2002;34(6):1003-8.
  • 18. Bishop C, Jarvis P, Turner A, Balsalobre-Fernandez C. Validity and reliability of strategy metrics to assess countermovement jump performance using the newly developed my jump lab smartphone application. Journal of human kinetics. 2022;83:185.
  • 19. Li M, Meng X, Guan L, Kim Y, Kim S. Comparing the effects of static stretching alone and in combination with post-activation performance enhancement on squat jump performance at different knee starting angles. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2023;22(4):769.
  • 20. Helbin J, Latocha A, Spieszny M, Ewertowska P, Wilk M, Krzysztofik M. Acute effects of unilateral conditioning activity on unilateral and bilateral jumping performance and bilateral strength asymmetry. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):10552.
  • 21. Yamada Y, Ishii N. Differences in eccentric force-velocity characteristics between isotonic and isokinetic contractions. International Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2018;16:128-36.
  • 22. Suchomel TJ, Wagle JP, Douglas J, Taber CB, Harden M, Haff GG, et al. Implementing eccentric resistance training—Part 1: A brief review of existing methods. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2019;4(2):38.
  • 23. Shepstone TN, Tang JE, Dallaire S, Schuenke MD, Staron RS, Phillips SM. Short-term high-vs. low-velocity isokinetic lengthening training results in greater hypertrophy of the elbow flexors in young men. Journal of applied physiology. 2005;98(5):1768-76.
  • 24. Paddon-Jones D, Leveritt M, Lonergan A, Abernethy P. Adaptation to chronic eccentric exercise in humans: the influence of contraction velocity. European journal of applied physiology. 2001;85:466-71.
  • 25. Douglas J, Pearson S, Ross A, McGuigan M. Chronic adaptations to eccentric training: a systematic review. Sports medicine. 2017;47(5):917-41.
  • 26. Fan Z, Fan Z, Zhao Z, Zou Y, Zhang Q. The effect of velocity-based training on inducing post-activation performance enhancement. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025.
  • 27. Yapici A, Findikoglu G, Dundar U. Do isokinetic angular velocity and contraction types affect the predictors of different anaerobic power tests? The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2014;56(4):383-91.
  • 28. Rouis M, Coudrat L, Jaafar H, Filliard J, Vandewalle H, Barthelemy Y, et al. Assessment of isokinetic knee strength in elite young female basketball players: correlation with vertical jump. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015;55(12):1502-8.
  • 29. Chen C, Ali Z, Rashid MAR, Samethanovna MU, Wu G, Mukhametkali S, et al. Relationship between isokinetic strength of the knee joint and countermovement jump performance in elite boxers. PeerJ. 2023;11:e16521.
  • 30. Cerrah AO, Bayram İ. Relatıonshıp Between Isokınetıc Strength, Vertıcal Jump, Sprınt Speed, Agılıty And Yo-Yo Intermıttent Recovery Test Performance In Soccer Players. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science. 2022;9(2).

Farklı Açısal Hızlarda Uygulanan Eksantrik Temelli Aktivasyon Sonrası Performans Arttırma Girişiminin Sıçrama Performansına Etkisi (Ön bulgular)

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 254 - 260, 31.08.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı açısal hızlarda (60°/s ve 150°/s) gerçekleştirilen eksantrik temelli kasılmaların sıçrama performansı üzerine akut etkilerini araştırmak ve aktivasyon sonrası performans arttırma (ASPA) girişimine katkısını karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Çalışma 8 erkek katılımcı ile üç seansta tamamlanmıştır. İlk seansta antropometrik ölçümler, dominant bacak belirleme, kontrol koşulu için dikey sıçrama test performansı ve eksantrik kasılma için familirizasyon gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonraki oturumlar 48 saat aralıklarla rastgele şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. İkinci seansta katılımcılar 60°/s açısal hızda tek set 5 tekrar maksimal eksantrik kasılma gerçekleştirmiş ve 7 dakikalık bir geçiş fazının ardından dikey sıçrama testleri yapılmıştır. Üçüncü seansta, katılımcılar 150°/s açısal hızda tek set 5 tekrarlı maksimal eksantrik kasılma gerçekleştirmiş ve 7 dakikalık bir geçiş aşamasından sonra dikey sıçrama testleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular, iki farklı açısal hızın sıçrama performansı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığını göstermiştir (p>0.05). Bununla birlikte, kontrol koşuluyla karşılaştırıldığında, 150°/s (+2,24 cm) 60°/s'den (+0,71 cm) daha yüksek bir delta değerine sahiptir. Sonuç olarak, özellikle daha yüksek açısal hızda uygulanan eksantrik temelli kasılmaların sıçrama performansında artış göstermesi, açısal hızın ASPA etkisinin ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir faktör olabileceğini göstermektedir ( Cohen d: 0,56).

References

  • 1. Perez-Gomez J, Calbet J. Training methods to improve vertical jump performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013;53(4):339-57.
  • 2. Scott SL, Docherty D. Acute effects of heavy preloading on vertical and horizontal jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2004;18(2):201-5.
  • 3. Tobin DP, Delahunt E. The acute effect of a plyometric stimulus on jump performance in professional rugby players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2014;28(2):367-72.
  • 4. Genç S, Güdücü Ç, Çek ME, Mancı E, Günay E. The effect of resistance based post-activation performance enhancement interventions at different loads on maximal voluntary isometric contraction and muscle activation: Preliminary findings. Isokinetics and Exercise Science. 2025;33(2):161-70.
  • 5. Dobbs WC, Tolusso DV, Fedewa MV, Esco MR. Effect of postactivation potentiation on explosive vertical jump: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2019;33(7):2009-18.
  • 6. Smith IC, MacIntosh BR. A comment on “A new taxonomy for postactivation potentiation in sport”. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2021;16(2):163-.
  • 7. Genç S, Mancı E, Güdücü Ç, Günay E. Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) interventions at different loads may enhance sprint performance in well-trained athletes. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi. 2024;59(3):088-93.
  • 8. Loturco I, Pereira LA, Zabaloy S, Mercer VP, Moura TB, Freitas TT, et al. No Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Following a Single Set of Plyometric or Flywheel Exercises in National Team Rugby Players. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(21).
  • 9. Stastny P, Kolinger D, Pisz A, Wilk M, Petruzela J, Krzysztofik M. Effects of eccentric speed during front squat conditioning activity on post-activation performance enhancement of hip and thigh muscles. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2024;91(Spec Issue):5.
  • 10. Lindstedt SL, LaStayo P, Reich T. When active muscles lengthen: properties and consequences of eccentric contractions. Physiology. 2001;16(6):256-61.
  • 11. Douglas J, Pearson S, Ross A, McGuigan M. Eccentric exercise: physiological characteristics and acute responses. Sports Medicine. 2017;47:663-75.
  • 12. Vogt M, Hoppeler HH. Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct. Journal of applied Physiology. 2014.
  • 13. Bright TE, Handford MJ, Mundy P, Lake J, Theis N, Hughes JD. Building for the future: a systematic review of the effects of eccentric resistance training on measures of physical performance in youth athletes. Sports Medicine. 2023;53(6):1219-54.
  • 14. Sarto F, Franchi M, Rigon P, Grigoletto D, Zoffoli L, Zanuso S, et al. Muscle activation during leg-press exercise with or without eccentric overload. European journal of applied physiology. 2020;120(7):1651-6.
  • 15. Buker N, Savkin R, Suzer A, Akkaya N. Effect of eccentric and concentric squat exercise on quadriceps thickness and lower extremity performance in healthy young males. Acta Gymnica. 2021.
  • 16. Akınoğlu B, Paköz B, Yilmaz AE, Shehu SU, Kocahan T. Effect of contraction type at varying angular velocities on isokinetic muscle strength training. Journal of exercise rehabilitation. 2023;19(4):228.
  • 17. Michaut A, Pousson M, Babault N, Van Hoecke J. Is eccentric exercise-induced torque decrease contraction type dependent? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2002;34(6):1003-8.
  • 18. Bishop C, Jarvis P, Turner A, Balsalobre-Fernandez C. Validity and reliability of strategy metrics to assess countermovement jump performance using the newly developed my jump lab smartphone application. Journal of human kinetics. 2022;83:185.
  • 19. Li M, Meng X, Guan L, Kim Y, Kim S. Comparing the effects of static stretching alone and in combination with post-activation performance enhancement on squat jump performance at different knee starting angles. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2023;22(4):769.
  • 20. Helbin J, Latocha A, Spieszny M, Ewertowska P, Wilk M, Krzysztofik M. Acute effects of unilateral conditioning activity on unilateral and bilateral jumping performance and bilateral strength asymmetry. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):10552.
  • 21. Yamada Y, Ishii N. Differences in eccentric force-velocity characteristics between isotonic and isokinetic contractions. International Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2018;16:128-36.
  • 22. Suchomel TJ, Wagle JP, Douglas J, Taber CB, Harden M, Haff GG, et al. Implementing eccentric resistance training—Part 1: A brief review of existing methods. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2019;4(2):38.
  • 23. Shepstone TN, Tang JE, Dallaire S, Schuenke MD, Staron RS, Phillips SM. Short-term high-vs. low-velocity isokinetic lengthening training results in greater hypertrophy of the elbow flexors in young men. Journal of applied physiology. 2005;98(5):1768-76.
  • 24. Paddon-Jones D, Leveritt M, Lonergan A, Abernethy P. Adaptation to chronic eccentric exercise in humans: the influence of contraction velocity. European journal of applied physiology. 2001;85:466-71.
  • 25. Douglas J, Pearson S, Ross A, McGuigan M. Chronic adaptations to eccentric training: a systematic review. Sports medicine. 2017;47(5):917-41.
  • 26. Fan Z, Fan Z, Zhao Z, Zou Y, Zhang Q. The effect of velocity-based training on inducing post-activation performance enhancement. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025.
  • 27. Yapici A, Findikoglu G, Dundar U. Do isokinetic angular velocity and contraction types affect the predictors of different anaerobic power tests? The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2014;56(4):383-91.
  • 28. Rouis M, Coudrat L, Jaafar H, Filliard J, Vandewalle H, Barthelemy Y, et al. Assessment of isokinetic knee strength in elite young female basketball players: correlation with vertical jump. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015;55(12):1502-8.
  • 29. Chen C, Ali Z, Rashid MAR, Samethanovna MU, Wu G, Mukhametkali S, et al. Relationship between isokinetic strength of the knee joint and countermovement jump performance in elite boxers. PeerJ. 2023;11:e16521.
  • 30. Cerrah AO, Bayram İ. Relatıonshıp Between Isokınetıc Strength, Vertıcal Jump, Sprınt Speed, Agılıty And Yo-Yo Intermıttent Recovery Test Performance In Soccer Players. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science. 2022;9(2).
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Training
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sümeyye Genç 0000-0001-5541-3628

Publication Date August 31, 2025
Submission Date June 23, 2025
Acceptance Date July 18, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 27 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Genç, S. (2025). The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary findings). Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 27(2), 254-260. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1725652
AMA Genç S. The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary findings). Turk J Sport Exe. August 2025;27(2):254-260. doi:10.15314/tsed.1725652
Chicago Genç, Sümeyye. “The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary Findings)”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 27, no. 2 (August 2025): 254-60. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1725652.
EndNote Genç S (August 1, 2025) The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary findings). Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 27 2 254–260.
IEEE S. Genç, “The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary findings)”, Turk J Sport Exe, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 254–260, 2025, doi: 10.15314/tsed.1725652.
ISNAD Genç, Sümeyye. “The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary Findings)”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 27/2 (August2025), 254-260. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1725652.
JAMA Genç S. The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary findings). Turk J Sport Exe. 2025;27:254–260.
MLA Genç, Sümeyye. “The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary Findings)”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, vol. 27, no. 2, 2025, pp. 254-60, doi:10.15314/tsed.1725652.
Vancouver Genç S. The Effect of Eccentric Based Post Activation Performance Enhancement Intervention Applied at Different Angular Velocities on Jump Performance (Preliminary findings). Turk J Sport Exe. 2025;27(2):254-60.

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