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Social Cohesion Perceptions of People Who Have Leadership Positions in Non-Governmental Organizations Which Were Founded by Migrants Themselves

Year 2022, , 913 - 936, 29.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1003592

Abstract

It is a known fact that non governmental organizations play an important role on creating necessary policies for migration management. Organizations which serve for migrants may be created by the members of the local society and also by migrants themselves. The fact that immigrant organizations are increasingly getting the attention of scholars is emphasized and the studies which focus on migrant associations analyze their structural features and the activities which they carry out. This research was conducted with the aim to understand the meaning which the people who are in a leadership position in a migrant association give about their experiences about the issue of social cohesion.The research uses the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in order to analyze the meaning of the experiences. 10 indepth interviews were carried out and the snowball approach was used in order to reach participants. The perceptions of the participants about their experiences on the issue of social cohesion was analyzed. Three main themes were identified about their perceptions of their experiences. These themes are “preventing the feeling of helplessness of migrants” , “changing the negative public opinion about migrants” and “supporting the public participation of the migrants” . The themes which were revealled by the interviews that were carried out with the managers of the NGO’s show the importance of interaction between the migrants and the host society. It is found that the interactions should also happen on the social and institutional settings. The results of the research suggest that cooperation with these migrant associations is important for the creation of a social cohesion.

References

  • Adıgüzel, Y.(2019). Kentin Yeni Sivil Aktörleri İstanbul’daki Suriyeliler Dernekler, Şehir Düşünce Dergisi, 13: 92-103.
  • Akman, K. (2018). Göç Yönetiminde Yerel Yönetimler ve STK İşbirliği. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 1(3), 452-466.
  • Ambrosini, M. (2017). Why irregular migrants arrive and remain: the role of intermediaries. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(11), 1813-1830.
  • Çaglar, A. (2005).Hometown associations, the rescaling of state spatiality and migrant grassroot transnationalism, Global Networks, A Journal of Transnational Relations, 6(1):1-22.
  • Caneva, E.(2014). The integration of migrants in Italy: an overview of policy instruments and actors. INTERACT Research Report 2014/05, European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy.
  • Coleman, D. (2015). Migrants and Migration in Europe. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. (2nd ed.).376-388. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.31122-9.
  • Coleman, L. M. (2015). Ethnography, commitment, and critique: Departing from activist scholarship. International Political Sociology, 9(3), 263-280.
  • Cordero-Guzmán, H. R. (2005). Community-based organisations and migration in New York City. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 31(5), 889-909.
  • De Coninck, D., Ogan, C., & d’Haenens, L. (2021). Can ‘the Other’ever become ‘One of Us’? Comparing Turkish and European attitudes toward refugees: A five-country study. International Communication Gazette, 83(3), 217-237.
  • Erdoğan, Murat (2014), “Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler: Toplumsal Kabul ve Uyum”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Göç ve Siyaset Araştırma Merkezi, http://www.hugo.hacettepe.edu.tr/HUGORAPORTurkiyedekiSuriyeliler.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2016.
  • Escala-Rabadán, L., Bada, X., & Rivera-Salgado, G. (2006). Mexican migrant civic and political participation in the US: The case of hometown associations in Los Angeles and Chicago. Norteamérica. Revista Académica del CISAN-UNAM, 1(2), 127-172.
  • Garkisch, M., Heidingsfelder, J., & Beckmann, M. (2017). Third sector organizations and migration: A systematic literature review on the contribution of third sector organizations in view of flight, migration and refugee crises. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 28(5), 1839-1880.
  • Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü,2021 https://qha.com.tr/haberler/politika/goc-ve-uyum-konulu-toplantida-turkiye-deki-goc-olgusu-anlatildi/310229/).
  • Hernández-Plaza, S., Alonso-Morillejo, E., & Pozo-Muñoz, C. (2006). Social support interventions in migrant populations. British Journal of Social Work, 36(7), 1151-1169. IMRA,(2019). Göç,uyum ve sivil toplum.(International Migration and Refugee Association/ İMRA Yayınları, İstanbul.Erişim Adresi: http://www.im-ra.org/dist/uploads/Page/4_5776367302404474498.pdf
  • Kaya, M. (2015). Komşuda Misafirlik: Suriyeli Sığınmacılarca Kurulmuş Mülteci Derneklerinin Perspektifinden Türkiye’de Yaşamak. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 39, 263-279.
  • Kunapalan, H., Ismail, N. B., & Yatiban, A. B. (2020). The Roles of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Assisting Refugees: From Malaysia Context. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(5), 89-94.
  • Lacroix, T. (2014). Conceptualizing transnational engagements: a structure and agency perspective on (hometown) transnationalism. International Migration Review, 48(3), 643-679.
  • Larkin, M., Watts, S., & Clifton, E. (2006). Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 102-120.
  • Lewis, D. (2010). Nongovernmental organizations, definition and history. International encyclopedia of civil society, 1056-1062.
  • Olcay, U. (2017). Göç hareketleri ve medyada göçmen haberleri. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergisi, 1(3), 242-254.
  • Orozco, M. (2003). Hometown Associations and their Present and Future Partnerships: New Development Opportunities?. Inter-American Dialogue. Washington, DC. Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2020. Erişim Adresi: https://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Hometown-Associations-and-Their-Present-and-Future-Partnerships-New-Development-Opportunities.pdf
  • Pero, D. (2007). Migrants and the politics of governance. The case of Barcelona. Social Anthropology, 15(3), 271-286.
  • Piacentini, T. (2015) ‘Missing from the picture? Migrant and refugee community organizations’ responses to poverty and destitution in Glasgow’, Community Development Journal, 50(3): 433–447.
  • Pietkiewicz, I., & Smith, J. A. (2014). A practical guide to using interpretative phenomenological analysis in qualitative research psychology. Psychological journal, 20(1), 7-14.
  • Santos, E. E. D. O., & Hanashiro, D. M. M. (2021). Acculturation and employment dynamics in a Brazilian NGO aimed at Haitian refugees’ social integration. Cadernos EBAPE. BR, 19, 353-364.
  • Schrover, M., & Vermeulen, F. (2005). Immigrant organisations. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 31(5), 823-832.
  • Şenses, N. (2020). Göçmen odakli sivil toplum oluşumlari: değişen eylemler ve siyasetler. Alternatif Politika, 12(1), 50-78.
  • TUİK,(2018). Erişim Adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Uluslararasi-Goc-Istatistikleri-2018-30711).
  • Ünal, S. (2014). Türkiye'nin beklenmedik konukları:" Öteki" bağlamında yabancı göçmen ve mülteci deneyimi. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 6(3), 65-89.
  • Ünalmiş, A. N. (2018). Göç Sonrası Sorunların Çözümünde Sivil Toplum Stratejisi. Karadeniz Arastirmalari, (58), 254-256.
  • Vertovec, S. (2004). Migrant transnationalism and modes of transformation 1. International migration review, 38(3), 970-1001.
  • Werker, E., & Ahmed, F. Z. (2008). What do nongovernmental organizations do?. Journal of economic perspectives, 22(2), 73-92.
  • Willetts, P. (2002). What is a non-governmental organization?. UNESCO Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems, Section 1 Institutional And Infrastructure Resource Issues, Article 1.44.3.7, Non-Governmental Organizations Oxford: Eolss Publishers.Erişim Adresi: https://www.ihrnetwork.org/files/3.%20What%20is%20an%20NGO.PDF. Erişim Tarihi:23.01.2021.
  • World Migration Report, 2020. Erişim Tarihi: 6 Ocak 2020) Erişim Adresi: https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2020.
  • Zetter, R., Griffiths, D., & Sigona, N. (2005). Social capital or social exclusion? The impact of asylum-seeker dispersal on UK refugee community organizations. Community Development Journal, 40(2), 169-181.

Göçmen ve Mültecilerin Sosyal Uyum Süreçlerinin Göçmenler Tarafından Kurulmuş Sivil Toplum Örgütü Yöneticilerinin Gözünden Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, , 913 - 936, 29.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1003592

Abstract

Göç yönetimi için gerekli politikaların oluşumunda Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının önemli bir aktör konumunda olduğu bilinmektedir. Göçmenlere yönelik hizmet sunan bu örgütler; yerel toplum üyelerince kurulduğu gibi göçmen ve mülteciler tarafından da oluşturulabilmektedir. Göçmen örgütlerinin, göç ile ilgili bilimsel çalışmalarda giderek daha fazla ilgi gördüğü vurgulanırken, yapılan çalışmaların göçmen örgütlerinin yapısal özellikleri ile yürüttükleri faaliyetlere odaklı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada; göçmenler tarafından oluşturulan Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarında lider konumda olan yöneticilerin deneyimlerinde sosyal uyuma verilen anlamın Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kartopu yöntemi ile ulaşılan 10 katılımcı ile yarı - yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların deneyimlerinden - incelenen fenomen olarak - sosyal uyum algılarının nasıl olduğu analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada göçmen liderlerin ifadelerinden ortaya çıkarılan sosyal uyum algılarını tanımlayan üç ana tema belirlenmiştir. Bu temalar; “ tek başına çaresiz kalmanın önlenmesi ” , “ yerel toplumda hakim olan göçmen imajında değişim “ ile “ topluma katılımın düzenlemelerle desteklenmesi ” dir. Göçmenler tarafından oluşturulan STK’ların yöneticileri ile yapılan görüşmelerden ortaya çıkarılan bu temalar; göçmen ve mülteciler ile ev sahibi toplumun karşılıklı etkileşimlerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu etkileşimlerin hükümet düzeyinde de gerçekleşmesi gerekliliği ile buna ilave olarak kurumsal ve toplumsal yaşamda da önemli olduğu düşüncesinin yoğunluğu dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışma sonuçları doğrultusunda; göçmen derneklerinin lider konumundaki yöneticilerinin sosyal uyuma verdikleri anlamların sosyal uyumun geliştirilmesinde etkili bir şekilde ele alınması için bu oluşumlarla işbirliği içinde çalışılması ve onların desteklenmeleri önerilmektedir.

References

  • Adıgüzel, Y.(2019). Kentin Yeni Sivil Aktörleri İstanbul’daki Suriyeliler Dernekler, Şehir Düşünce Dergisi, 13: 92-103.
  • Akman, K. (2018). Göç Yönetiminde Yerel Yönetimler ve STK İşbirliği. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 1(3), 452-466.
  • Ambrosini, M. (2017). Why irregular migrants arrive and remain: the role of intermediaries. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(11), 1813-1830.
  • Çaglar, A. (2005).Hometown associations, the rescaling of state spatiality and migrant grassroot transnationalism, Global Networks, A Journal of Transnational Relations, 6(1):1-22.
  • Caneva, E.(2014). The integration of migrants in Italy: an overview of policy instruments and actors. INTERACT Research Report 2014/05, European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy.
  • Coleman, D. (2015). Migrants and Migration in Europe. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. (2nd ed.).376-388. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.31122-9.
  • Coleman, L. M. (2015). Ethnography, commitment, and critique: Departing from activist scholarship. International Political Sociology, 9(3), 263-280.
  • Cordero-Guzmán, H. R. (2005). Community-based organisations and migration in New York City. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 31(5), 889-909.
  • De Coninck, D., Ogan, C., & d’Haenens, L. (2021). Can ‘the Other’ever become ‘One of Us’? Comparing Turkish and European attitudes toward refugees: A five-country study. International Communication Gazette, 83(3), 217-237.
  • Erdoğan, Murat (2014), “Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler: Toplumsal Kabul ve Uyum”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Göç ve Siyaset Araştırma Merkezi, http://www.hugo.hacettepe.edu.tr/HUGORAPORTurkiyedekiSuriyeliler.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2016.
  • Escala-Rabadán, L., Bada, X., & Rivera-Salgado, G. (2006). Mexican migrant civic and political participation in the US: The case of hometown associations in Los Angeles and Chicago. Norteamérica. Revista Académica del CISAN-UNAM, 1(2), 127-172.
  • Garkisch, M., Heidingsfelder, J., & Beckmann, M. (2017). Third sector organizations and migration: A systematic literature review on the contribution of third sector organizations in view of flight, migration and refugee crises. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 28(5), 1839-1880.
  • Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü,2021 https://qha.com.tr/haberler/politika/goc-ve-uyum-konulu-toplantida-turkiye-deki-goc-olgusu-anlatildi/310229/).
  • Hernández-Plaza, S., Alonso-Morillejo, E., & Pozo-Muñoz, C. (2006). Social support interventions in migrant populations. British Journal of Social Work, 36(7), 1151-1169. IMRA,(2019). Göç,uyum ve sivil toplum.(International Migration and Refugee Association/ İMRA Yayınları, İstanbul.Erişim Adresi: http://www.im-ra.org/dist/uploads/Page/4_5776367302404474498.pdf
  • Kaya, M. (2015). Komşuda Misafirlik: Suriyeli Sığınmacılarca Kurulmuş Mülteci Derneklerinin Perspektifinden Türkiye’de Yaşamak. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 39, 263-279.
  • Kunapalan, H., Ismail, N. B., & Yatiban, A. B. (2020). The Roles of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Assisting Refugees: From Malaysia Context. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(5), 89-94.
  • Lacroix, T. (2014). Conceptualizing transnational engagements: a structure and agency perspective on (hometown) transnationalism. International Migration Review, 48(3), 643-679.
  • Larkin, M., Watts, S., & Clifton, E. (2006). Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 102-120.
  • Lewis, D. (2010). Nongovernmental organizations, definition and history. International encyclopedia of civil society, 1056-1062.
  • Olcay, U. (2017). Göç hareketleri ve medyada göçmen haberleri. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergisi, 1(3), 242-254.
  • Orozco, M. (2003). Hometown Associations and their Present and Future Partnerships: New Development Opportunities?. Inter-American Dialogue. Washington, DC. Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2020. Erişim Adresi: https://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Hometown-Associations-and-Their-Present-and-Future-Partnerships-New-Development-Opportunities.pdf
  • Pero, D. (2007). Migrants and the politics of governance. The case of Barcelona. Social Anthropology, 15(3), 271-286.
  • Piacentini, T. (2015) ‘Missing from the picture? Migrant and refugee community organizations’ responses to poverty and destitution in Glasgow’, Community Development Journal, 50(3): 433–447.
  • Pietkiewicz, I., & Smith, J. A. (2014). A practical guide to using interpretative phenomenological analysis in qualitative research psychology. Psychological journal, 20(1), 7-14.
  • Santos, E. E. D. O., & Hanashiro, D. M. M. (2021). Acculturation and employment dynamics in a Brazilian NGO aimed at Haitian refugees’ social integration. Cadernos EBAPE. BR, 19, 353-364.
  • Schrover, M., & Vermeulen, F. (2005). Immigrant organisations. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 31(5), 823-832.
  • Şenses, N. (2020). Göçmen odakli sivil toplum oluşumlari: değişen eylemler ve siyasetler. Alternatif Politika, 12(1), 50-78.
  • TUİK,(2018). Erişim Adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Uluslararasi-Goc-Istatistikleri-2018-30711).
  • Ünal, S. (2014). Türkiye'nin beklenmedik konukları:" Öteki" bağlamında yabancı göçmen ve mülteci deneyimi. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 6(3), 65-89.
  • Ünalmiş, A. N. (2018). Göç Sonrası Sorunların Çözümünde Sivil Toplum Stratejisi. Karadeniz Arastirmalari, (58), 254-256.
  • Vertovec, S. (2004). Migrant transnationalism and modes of transformation 1. International migration review, 38(3), 970-1001.
  • Werker, E., & Ahmed, F. Z. (2008). What do nongovernmental organizations do?. Journal of economic perspectives, 22(2), 73-92.
  • Willetts, P. (2002). What is a non-governmental organization?. UNESCO Encyclopaedia of Life Support Systems, Section 1 Institutional And Infrastructure Resource Issues, Article 1.44.3.7, Non-Governmental Organizations Oxford: Eolss Publishers.Erişim Adresi: https://www.ihrnetwork.org/files/3.%20What%20is%20an%20NGO.PDF. Erişim Tarihi:23.01.2021.
  • World Migration Report, 2020. Erişim Tarihi: 6 Ocak 2020) Erişim Adresi: https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2020.
  • Zetter, R., Griffiths, D., & Sigona, N. (2005). Social capital or social exclusion? The impact of asylum-seeker dispersal on UK refugee community organizations. Community Development Journal, 40(2), 169-181.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Artam Ayyıldız 0000-0002-3854-4906

Kasım Karataş 0000-0002-4817-9981

Publication Date July 29, 2022
Submission Date October 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Ayyıldız, A. A., & Karataş, K. (2022). Göçmen ve Mültecilerin Sosyal Uyum Süreçlerinin Göçmenler Tarafından Kurulmuş Sivil Toplum Örgütü Yöneticilerinin Gözünden Değerlendirilmesi. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 33(3), 913-936. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.1003592