Zihinsel Engelli Yetişkinlerin Sosyal Etkileşimleri

Abstract

Bu araştırma, hafif düzeyde engel düzeyi bulunan zihinsel engelli (ZE) yetişkinlerin sosyal etkileşimlerine ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, nitel araştırmaların bir yöntemi olan fenomenoloji tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Edirne merkezde ailesi ile birlikte yaşayan hafif ZE 12 yetişkindir. Çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen ve uzman görüşü doğrultusunda şekillenen ‘Bilgi Formu’ ve ‘Görüşme Formu’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarıyla, Trakya Üniversitesi Armağan Dönertaş Engelli Çocuklar Eğitim–Rehabilitasyon Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’nde görüşülmüş, sorular araştırmacı tarafından sorulmuştur. Verilerin analizinde nitel araştırmalarda kullanılan betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Temalar ve kategoriler frekansları ile birlikte tablolaştırılarak sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, hafif ZE olan yetişkin katılımcıların tamamının arkadaşlarının kendilerine iyi davrandıkları, arkadaşları ile birlikteyken en çok dinlenme ve alışveriş mekânlarına gittikleri, birlikte yemek yedikleri ve sohbet ettikleri, arkadaşlarında iyi davranışlar aradıkları bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, ZE yetişkinlerin çoğunluğunun sosyal ortamlarda kendisini ifade ettiği, kişiler arası ilişkilerde zorluk yaşamadıkları, tanımadıklarıyla çekingen–sınırlı, tanıdıklarıyla samimi–uzun sohbet ettikleri, sohbet esnasında karşısındakinden farklı düşündüğünü söyledikleri, duygularından ebeveynlerine bahsettikleri, duygularını başkalarına en çok hissettiklerini söyleyerek ve anlatarak gösterdikleri sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Zihinsel Engel
• Yetişkin Engelliler
• Sosyal Etkileşim

Social Interactions of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the views of adults with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) regarding their social interactions. The phenomenology technique, a qualitative research method, was employed. The study group consisted of 12 adults with mild ID living with their families in the center of Edirne. Criterion sampling, a type of purposeful sampling, was used to determine the study group. The data collection tools were an 'Information Form' and an 'Interview Form', both developed by the researcher based on expert opinion. Participants were interviewed at the Trakya University (T.U.) Armağan Dönertaş Disabled Children Education-Rehabilitation Application and Research Center, with questions administered by the researcher. Descriptive and content analysis methods, commonly used in qualitative research, were utilized to analyze the data. The resulting themes and categories were presented in tables with their frequencies. Findings showed that all adult participants with mild ID reported being treated well by their friends. They primarily visited recreational and shopping places, where they ate, chatted, and sought out positive behavior in their companions. Additionally, the majority of adults with ID reported expressing themselves effectively in social settings and experiencing no difficulty in interpersonal relationships. They engaged in timid or limited conversations with strangers but had sincere and lengthy conversations with acquaintances. They reported noticing differences in opinion during conversations, discussing their feelings with their parents, and primarily expressing their feelings to others verbally.

Keywords

• Intellectual Disability
• Adult Disabilities
• Social Interaction

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