Migration: Transnationalism and Transnational Social Work

Abstract

International migration has a number of influences on migration-receiving countries and emigrant countries. These effects are immigrant remittances, brain drain, circular migration, diaspora and social dimension in the context of sustainable development that overlaps with the goals of social work. Transnationalism emerged with the increasing international migration in our time. Transnationalism is defined as the flexible movement of people between the traditional borders of the country and the establishment of social, political, cultural and economic ties with more than one nation and society. Various and new human needs emerged in this context. The economic, cultural, social and political problems experienced by immigrants vary globally. The studies show that migrants' problems are changing with transnationalism. A holistic view of social work, which is a social justice profession, is needed to develop more global and innovative services and perspectives against international human migration and transnationalism as well as human needs. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between development, migration and social work in the context of transnationalism.

Keywords

• transnationalism,international migration,transnational social work,development

GÖÇ: TRANSNASYONALİZM ve TRANSNASYONAL SOSYAL HİZMET

Abstract

Uluslararası göçün, göç alan ve göç veren ülkelerdesosyal hizmet ve kalkınma odağında göçmenlerin yaptıkları döviz havaleleri, beyin göçü, döngüsel göç, diasporalar ve sosyal boyutta etkileri bulunmaktadır. Yeni yüzyılda savaşlar, güvenli bir çevrede yaşama isteği, küresel ısınma, kaynakların sınırlılığı, sosyal ve ekonomik nedenler ile giderek artan uluslararası göç ile birlikte ortaya çıkan olgulardan biri “transnasyonalizm”dir. Transnasyonalizm, insanların geleneksel ülke sınırlarının ötesine esnek hareket etmeleri; birden fazla milletle ve toplumla sosyal, politik, kültürel ve ekonomik bağlar kurmaları olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yeni bir ülkede yaşama, çok kültürlülük, uyum ve entegrasyon sürecinde insanların ihtiyaçları çeşitlenmiş ve yeni ihtiyaçları ortaya çıkmıştır. Transnasyonalizm olgusu ile sosyal hizmetin ilgilendiği sosyal sorun alanları da çeşitlenmiştir. Göçmenlerin yaşadıkları ekonomik, kültürel, sosyal ve politik sorunlar ulus ötesi ve küresel düzeyde sosyal hizmetin ilgi alanına dahil olmuştur. Bir sosyal adalet mesleği olan sosyal hizmetin bütüncül bakış açısı ile uluslararası göç ve transnasyonalizm ile çeşitlenen insan ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ve refah için daha küresel ve yenilikçi bakış açısına ve hizmetlerin yeniden organizasyonuna ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada transnasyonalizm bağlamında göç, sosyal hizmet ve kalkınma ilişkisi incelenmektedir.

Keywords

• transnasyonalizm,uluslararası göç,transnasyonal sosyal hizmet,kalkınma

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