Çocuğa Yönelik Cinsel İstismar Deneyiminin Mikro Ve Mezzo Sistemler Açısından İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı cinsel istismar yaşantısının çocuk, genç ve annede yarattığı duygular, çocuk ve aile üzerindeki etkileri, cinsel istismar olayı karşısında mikro sistemin tutumunu, mezzo sistemin niteliklerini incelemektir. Çocuğun mikro sistemle etkileşimi hem cinsel istismarın gerçekleşmesinde risk etmenleri barındırdığı için, hem de istismar sürecinin çocuk ve ebeveynler üzerindeki etkileri açısından önemlidir. Nitel yöntemle yapılan bu araştırmada veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Görüşme formu 18 yaş ve altındaki 6 çocuğa, 18 yaş üzerindeki 4 gence ve 11 anneye uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, cinsel istismar yaşantısı çocuklar ve anneler üzerinde daha çok korku/kaygı, suçluluk, güvensizlik, utanç duyguları yaratmaktadır. Çocuğun yaşamına getirdikleri arasında cinselleştirilmiş davranışlar, özkıyım, becerilerde gerileme, gebelik/obezite, ruhsal bozukluklar görülmektedir. Bazı annelerde   ruhsal bozukluk görüldüğü, sosyal dışlanma gibi olumsuz deneyimler yaşandığı gibi, zor koşulları birlikte göğüslemenin aile üyeleri arasında dayanışma, güçlenme gibi olumlu sonuçlara yol açtığı gözlemlenmektedir. Mikro sistemde çocuğa ve aileye sosyal destek sağlama gibi olumlu tutumlar görülmektedir. Çocuğa inanmama, tepkisiz kalma, çocuğu istismarcısıyla evlendirerek “namus temizleme” gibi algılar ortaya çıkmıştır. Mikro sistemdeki bireylerin etkileşimi aynı zamanda mezzo sistemin olumlu  ve olumsuz niteliklerini ifade etmektedir. 

Keywords

• Cinsel istismar,mikro sistem,mezzo sistem

Investigatıon of Sexual Abuse Experience in Children with Micro and Mezzo Systems

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the emotional effects of sexual abuse on the child, the teenager and mother, the effects of it on the child and family, the attitude of the micro system against sexual abuse, and the characteristics of the mezzo system. The interaction of the child with the micro system is important both because it involves risk factors in the realization of sexual abuse and because of the the effects of the abuse process on children and parents. In this research conducted by qualitative method, data were collected through in-depth interviews with semi-structured interview form. It was applied to 6 children aged 18 or under, 4 young people over 18 and 11 mothers. According to the findings, the experience of sexual abuse creates fear / anxiety, guilt, insecurity and shame on children and mothers. Sexualized behaviours, suicidal behaviour, decline in skills, pregnancy / obesity and mental disorders are observed in the life of the child. Sexual abuse can lead to positive results such as solidarity and empowerment in family life. Negative results such as mental disorders and social exclusion are also observed. Positive attitudes are observed such as providing social support to children and families in mezzo system. Disbelief to the child, unresponsiveness, by making the child marry to the abuser, perceptions such as “cleaning honour” have emerged. The interaction of individuals in the micro system also expresses the positive and negative qualities of the mezzo system.

Keywords

• Sexual abuse,micro system,mezzo system

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