Multiculturalist Social Work: A Critical View

Abstract

Multicultural societies have a past as old as the history of humanity. In general, the term “multicultural” reflects the fact that different cultures co-exist and the term “multiculturalist” implies the personal, group and social reaction towards this fact. Multiculturalist social work discards possible homogenizing and disciplinary tendencies of the traditional social work and focuses on “understanding”. The efforts of “understanding” necessarily emphasize the subjectivity. Value, knowledge and skill dimensions of multiculturalist social work practice are closely related, and influenced by each other. This process, which may be characterized as “circular,” can only be “multiculturalist” on the condition that it also is “critical” and “reflexive”.

 

Keywords

• Multiculturalism,multiculturalist social work

ÇOKKÜLTÜRCÜ SOSYAL HİZMET: ELEŞTİREL BİR BAKIŞ

Abstract

Çokkültürlü toplumlar İnsanlık tarihi kadar eski bir geçmişe sahiptir. Genel anlamıyla “çokkültürlü” terimi farklı kültürlerin bir arada olduğu gerçeğini yansıtmakta; “çokkültürcü” terimi ise bu gerçekliğe verilen kişisel, grupsal ve toplumsal tepkiyi ifade etmektedir. Çokkültürcü sosyal hizmet, geleneksel sosyal hizmetin olası disipline edici ve tektipleştirici eğilimini bir yana bırakıp, “anlamayı” odak haline getirmiştir. Anlama çabası, zorunlu olarak öznelliği vurgulamaktadır. Çokkültürcü sosyal hizmet uygulamasının değer, bilgi ve beceri boyutları birbiriyle yakından ilişkilidir ve birbirinden etkilenir. “Döngüsel” olarak nitelendirebileceğimiz bu sürecin “çokkültürcü olması” onun “eleştirel” ve “düşünümsel” olmasına bağlıdır.

Keywords

• Çokkültürcülük,çokkültürcü sosyal hizmet

References

1. Adams, R., Dominelli, P. ve M. Payne (2002). Critical Practice in Social Work. Edt. R. Adams, L. Dominelli ve M. Payne. Palgrave Macmillan.
2. Al Krenawi, A. ve J.R. Graham (2003). Multicultural Social Work In Canada. Oxford University Press.
3. Althusser, L. A. (1971) Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. London: New Left Books.
4. Aponte, H.J. (1995). “Political Bias, Moral Values and Spirituality in the Training of Psychothrapists”. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 60 (4). 488-502.
5. Balı, A. S., (2001). Çokkültürlülük ve Sosyal Adalet, “Öteki” ile Barış İçinde Birlikte Yasamak. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi Bilgin, N. (2005).“Çokkültürlülük ve Ulusal Kimlik”, Türkiye Günlüğü Dergisi, 80.
6. Brechin, A. (2000). “Introducing Critical Practice”. Critical Practice in Health and Socail Care. Ed. A. Brechin, H. Brown ve M. Eby. London: Open University/Sage.
7. Congress, E.P. (2004) “Cultural and Ethical Issues in Working with Culturally Diverse Patients and Their Families: The Use of Cultugram to Promote Cultural Competent Practice in Health Settings”. Social Work Visions from Around The Globe: Citizens, Methods and Approaches. Ed: A. Metteri, T. Kröger, A. Pohjola, P. Raubala. Haworth Press.
8. Constantine, M., S. Hage, M. Kindaichi ve R. Bryant. (2007). “Social Justice and Multicultural Issues: Implications for Practice and Training of Counselors and Counseling Psychologists”. Journal of Counseling and Development, 85, 24-29.

9. Fook, J. (1993). Radical Casework: A Theory of Practice. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen&Unvin.
10. Foucault, M. (1977) Discipline and Punish. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
11. Graham, M.J. (1999). “The African-Centered Worldview: Toward a Paradigm for Social Work”. Journal of Black Studies. Sage Pub. 30: 1. s.103-122
12. Gramsci, A. (2007). Hapishane Defterleri-Felsefe ve Politika Sorunları- Seçmeler-, İstanbul: Belge Yayınları.
13. Hawkins, L., Fook, J. ve Ryan, M. (2001) “Social Workers’ Use of the Language of Social Justice”, British Journal of Social Work 31: 1–13.
14. Healy, K. (2000). Social Work Practices: Contemporary Practices on Change. Sage Publications.
15. Lum, D. (1986). Social Work Practice and People of Color: A Processstage Approach. Brooks Cole.
16. Lum, D. (1999). Culturally Competent Practice: A Framework for Growth and Action. Brooks Cole.
17. McCarthy M. (1991). Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Miley, K.K., M. O’Melia ve B.L. DuBois (2004). Generalist Social Work Practice An Empowering Approach. Boston: Allyn-Bacon.
19. National Association of Social Workers (NASW) (2001). NASW Standards for Cultural Competence in Social Work Practice.
20. Oppenheim, C. (1996) Poverty: The Facts. London: Child Poverty Action Group.
21. Padilla, Y.C. (1997). Immigrant Policy: Issues for Social Work Practice. Social Work 42(6):595-606.
22. Pedersen, P. (1986). “Developing Interculturally Skilled Counselors: A Prototype for Training”. Cross-Cultural Training For Mental Health Professionals. Springfield.
23. Rodger, J. J. (1991) “Discourse Analysis and Social Relationships in Social Work”, British Journal of Social Work 21: 63–79. Simpkin, M. (1983) Trapped Within Welfare: Surviving Social Work. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
24. Sodowsky, G.R.R.C. Taffe, T. Gutkin ve S.L. Wise (1994). “Development and Applications of The Multicultural Counseling Inventory: A self-report Measure of Multicultural Competencies”. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 41, 137-148.
25. Tambiah, S.J. (2001). “Vignettes of Present Day Diaspora”, Eliezer Ben-Rafael ve Yitzhak
26. Turner, F. J. (1986). “Theory in social work practice’, in Turner, F. J. (ed.), Social Work Treatment, New York, The Free Press.
27. Vieux, S. (1994) “In the Shadow of Neo-liberal Racism”, Race and Class 36(1): 23–33.
28. Walzer, M. (1998). Hoşgörü Üzerine, Abdullah Yılmaz (çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
29. Weaver, H. N. (1999). “Indigenous people and the social work profession: Defining culturally competent Services”. Social Work; May 1999; 44, 3.
30. Wilkinson, D. (1997). “Reappraising the Race, Class, Gender Equation: A Critical Theoretical Perspective”. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 67, 261-276.
31. Williams, F. (1996) “Postmodernism, Feminism and the Question of Difference”,. Social Theory, Social Change and Social Work. London: Routledge.
32. Young, I. M. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.