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Perceived Legitimacy of the Social System, Belief in a just World and Social Dominance Orientation of Volunteers in Non-Governmental Organizations

Year 2013, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 115 - 128, 15.04.2013

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the way that
volunteers in non-governmental organizations perceive the system and the world
as fair and whether they bolster intergroup hierarchies. Therefore a number of
social psychological variables related to volunteering efforts were examined.
In order to reach the goal of the study, data was collected from two separate
groups. First group included members worked actively in non-governmental
organizations as volunteers. Second group consisted of people who have never
been a member of such organizations and never worked as volunteers before and
during this study. A total of 271 individuals (137 members and 134 non-members)
participated in the study. Participants received a set of questionnaires
involving General Belief in A Just World Scale, Personal Belief in A Just World
Scale, Social Dominance Orientation Scale, and General System Justification
Scale. After they filled out these questionnaires, they were also asked to
state their socio-demographic characteristics in a form. Results revealed that
the members of non-governmental organizations, compared to non-members,
perceived the system as less legitimate, and have lower levels of belief in a
just world and social dominance orientation. It seems that to endorse equality
rather than support intergroup hierarchies, to believe that the prevailing
social system is not legitimate and the world is not a just place associate
with helping the members of disadvantaged groups voluntarily. 

References

  • Appelbaum, L. D. (2002). Who deserves help? Students’ opinion about the deservingness of different groups living in Germany to receive aid. Social Justice Research, 15, 201- 225.
  • Appelbaum, L. D., Lennon, M. C. ve Lawrence Aber, J. (2006). When effort is threatening: The influence of the belief in a just world on Americans’ attitudes toward antipoverty policy. Political Psychology, 27, 387-402.
  • Bierhoff, H. W., Klein, R. ve Kramp, P. (1991). Evidence for the altruistic personality from data on accident research. Journal of Personality, 59, 263-280.
  • Campbell D., Carr S. C. ve MacLachlan M. (2001). Attributing ‘Third World’ poverty in Australia and Malawi: A case of donor bias? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 409–430.
  • Dalbert, C. (1997). Coping with an unjust fate: The case of structural unemployment. Social Justice Research, 10, 175-189.
  • Dalbert, C. (1998). Belief in a just world, well-being, and coping with an unjust fate. L. Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World içinde (ss. 87-105). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Dalbert, C. (1999). The world is more just for me than generally: About the personal belief in a just world scale’s validity. Social Justice Research, 12, 79–98.
  • Furnham, A. ve Gunter, B. (1984). Just world beliefs and attitudes towards the poor. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 265-269.
  • Furnham, A. ve Proctor, E. (1989). Belief in the just world: review and critique of the individual differences literature. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 365–384.
  • Göregenli, M. (2003). Şiddet, Kötü Muamele ve İşkenceye İlişkin Değerlendirmeler, Tutumlar ve Deneyimler. İzmir Barosu Yayınları (İşkencenin Önlenmesinde Hukukçuların Rolü Projesi).
  • Harper, D. J., Wagstaff, G. F., Newton, J. T. ve Harrison, K. R. (1990). Lay causal perceptions of third world poverty and the just world theory. Social Behavior and Personality, 18(2), 235–238.
  • Jost, J. T. (1995). Negative illusions: Conceptual clarification and psychological evidence concerning false consciousness. Political Psychology, 16, 397- 424.
  • Jost, J. T. ve Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system justification and the production of false consciousness, British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 1-27.
  • Jost, J. T. ve Hunyady, O. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of systemjustifying ideologies. Psychological Science: A Journal of the American Psychological Society, 14 (5), 260-265.
  • Jost, J. T. ve Thompson, E. P. (2000). Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of selfesteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 209-232.
  • Karaçanta, H. (2002). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ve başka bazı değişkenler açışından karşılaştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Kay, A. C. ve Jost, J. T. (2003). Complementary justice: effects of “poor but happy” and “poor but honest” stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 85 (5), 823-837.
  • Lerner, M. J. (1965). Evaluation of performances as a function of performer’s reward and attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 355–360.
  • Lerner, M. J. (1980). The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Lerner, M. J. ve Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1051.
  • Mohiyeddini, C. ve Montada, L. (1998). Belief in a just world and self-efficacy in coping with observed victimization: Results from a study about unemployment. L. Montada & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World. içinde (ss. 41-45). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Rubin, Z. ve Peplau, L. A. (1975). Who believes in a just world. Journal of Social Issues, 31(3), 65-90.
  • Sidanius, J. (1993). The psychology of group conflict and the dynamics of oppression: a social dominance perspective. S. Iyengar & W. McGuire (Eds.), Current Approaches to Political Psychology içinde (ss. 173-211). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Sidanius, J. ve Pratto, F. (1999). Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sidanius, J., Pratto, F. ve Bobo, L. (1994). Social dominance orientation and the political psychology of gender: a case of invariance? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 998-1011.
  • Sidanius, J., Pratto, F. ve Mitchell, M. (1994). In-group identification, social dominance orientation and differential intergroup social allocation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 134 (2), 151-167.
  • Smith, K. B. (1985). Seeing justice in poverty: The belief in a just world and ideas about social inequalities. Sociological Spectrum, 5, 17–29.
  • Sutton, R. M. ve Douglas, K. M. (2005). Justice for all, or just for me? More evidence of the importance of the self-other distinction in just-world beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 637-645.
  • Wagstaff, G. F. (1983). Attitudes to poverty, the Protestant ethic, and political affiliation: A preliminary investigation. Social Behaviour and Personality, 11, 45-47.
  • Wakslak, C. J., Jost, J. T., Tyler, T. R. ve Chen, E. S. (2007). Moral outrage mediates the dampening effect of system justification on support for redistributive social policies. Psychological Science: A Journal of the American Psychological Society, 18 (3), 267-274.
  • Weiner, B. (1980). Human Motivation. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Weiner, B. (1995). Judgments of Responsibility: A Foundation for a Theory of Social Conduct. New York: Guilford.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1975). Belief in a just world and altruistic behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(5), 972-976.

SİVİL TOPLUM KURULUŞU GÖNÜLLÜLERİNİN SOSYAL SİSTEMİN MEŞRUİYETİNE İLİŞKİN ALGILARI, ADİL DÜNYA İNANÇLARI VE SOSYAL BASKINLIK YÖNELİMLERİ

Year 2013, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 115 - 128, 15.04.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışma toplumdaki dezavantajlı gruplara destek sağlamak
için sivil toplum kuruluşlarında gönüllü olarak çalışan kişilerin dünyayı ne
kadar adil algıladıkları, gruplar arası hiyerarşileri destekleyip
desteklemedikleri ve içinde yaşadığımız sosyal sistemi ne derece meşru
algıladıkları sorularına yanıt aramak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Böylece gönüllülük
çabaları altında yatan bazı sosyal psikolojik değişkenler incelenmeye
çalışılmıştır. Araştırmaya 137 sivil toplum kuruluşu gönüllüsü ve 134 herhangi
bir sivil toplum kuruluşuna üye olmayan toplam 271 kişi katılmıştır.
Katılımcılara Adil Dünya İnancı Ölçeği, Sistemi Meşrulaştırma Ölçeği ve Sosyal
Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular sivil toplum kuruluşu
gönüllülerinin gönüllü olmayanlara oranla sistemi daha az meşru
algıladıklarını, genel adil dünya inançlarının ve sosyal baskınlık
yönelimlerinin ise daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Sistemin meşru olmadığını
düşünme, gruplar arası hiyerarşileri değil eşitliği destekleme ve dünyanın adil
bir yer olmadığı inancı dezavantajlı insanlara gönüllü olarak yardım etme
davranışı ile ilişkili görünmektedir. 

References

  • Appelbaum, L. D. (2002). Who deserves help? Students’ opinion about the deservingness of different groups living in Germany to receive aid. Social Justice Research, 15, 201- 225.
  • Appelbaum, L. D., Lennon, M. C. ve Lawrence Aber, J. (2006). When effort is threatening: The influence of the belief in a just world on Americans’ attitudes toward antipoverty policy. Political Psychology, 27, 387-402.
  • Bierhoff, H. W., Klein, R. ve Kramp, P. (1991). Evidence for the altruistic personality from data on accident research. Journal of Personality, 59, 263-280.
  • Campbell D., Carr S. C. ve MacLachlan M. (2001). Attributing ‘Third World’ poverty in Australia and Malawi: A case of donor bias? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 409–430.
  • Dalbert, C. (1997). Coping with an unjust fate: The case of structural unemployment. Social Justice Research, 10, 175-189.
  • Dalbert, C. (1998). Belief in a just world, well-being, and coping with an unjust fate. L. Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World içinde (ss. 87-105). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Dalbert, C. (1999). The world is more just for me than generally: About the personal belief in a just world scale’s validity. Social Justice Research, 12, 79–98.
  • Furnham, A. ve Gunter, B. (1984). Just world beliefs and attitudes towards the poor. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 265-269.
  • Furnham, A. ve Proctor, E. (1989). Belief in the just world: review and critique of the individual differences literature. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 365–384.
  • Göregenli, M. (2003). Şiddet, Kötü Muamele ve İşkenceye İlişkin Değerlendirmeler, Tutumlar ve Deneyimler. İzmir Barosu Yayınları (İşkencenin Önlenmesinde Hukukçuların Rolü Projesi).
  • Harper, D. J., Wagstaff, G. F., Newton, J. T. ve Harrison, K. R. (1990). Lay causal perceptions of third world poverty and the just world theory. Social Behavior and Personality, 18(2), 235–238.
  • Jost, J. T. (1995). Negative illusions: Conceptual clarification and psychological evidence concerning false consciousness. Political Psychology, 16, 397- 424.
  • Jost, J. T. ve Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system justification and the production of false consciousness, British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 1-27.
  • Jost, J. T. ve Hunyady, O. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of systemjustifying ideologies. Psychological Science: A Journal of the American Psychological Society, 14 (5), 260-265.
  • Jost, J. T. ve Thompson, E. P. (2000). Group-based dominance and opposition to equality as independent predictors of selfesteem, ethnocentrism, and social policy attitudes among African Americans and European Americans. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 209-232.
  • Karaçanta, H. (2002). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ve başka bazı değişkenler açışından karşılaştırılması. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Kay, A. C. ve Jost, J. T. (2003). Complementary justice: effects of “poor but happy” and “poor but honest” stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 85 (5), 823-837.
  • Lerner, M. J. (1965). Evaluation of performances as a function of performer’s reward and attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 355–360.
  • Lerner, M. J. (1980). The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Lerner, M. J. ve Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1051.
  • Mohiyeddini, C. ve Montada, L. (1998). Belief in a just world and self-efficacy in coping with observed victimization: Results from a study about unemployment. L. Montada & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World. içinde (ss. 41-45). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
  • Rubin, Z. ve Peplau, L. A. (1975). Who believes in a just world. Journal of Social Issues, 31(3), 65-90.
  • Sidanius, J. (1993). The psychology of group conflict and the dynamics of oppression: a social dominance perspective. S. Iyengar & W. McGuire (Eds.), Current Approaches to Political Psychology içinde (ss. 173-211). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Sidanius, J. ve Pratto, F. (1999). Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sidanius, J., Pratto, F. ve Bobo, L. (1994). Social dominance orientation and the political psychology of gender: a case of invariance? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 998-1011.
  • Sidanius, J., Pratto, F. ve Mitchell, M. (1994). In-group identification, social dominance orientation and differential intergroup social allocation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 134 (2), 151-167.
  • Smith, K. B. (1985). Seeing justice in poverty: The belief in a just world and ideas about social inequalities. Sociological Spectrum, 5, 17–29.
  • Sutton, R. M. ve Douglas, K. M. (2005). Justice for all, or just for me? More evidence of the importance of the self-other distinction in just-world beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 637-645.
  • Wagstaff, G. F. (1983). Attitudes to poverty, the Protestant ethic, and political affiliation: A preliminary investigation. Social Behaviour and Personality, 11, 45-47.
  • Wakslak, C. J., Jost, J. T., Tyler, T. R. ve Chen, E. S. (2007). Moral outrage mediates the dampening effect of system justification on support for redistributive social policies. Psychological Science: A Journal of the American Psychological Society, 18 (3), 267-274.
  • Weiner, B. (1980). Human Motivation. NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Weiner, B. (1995). Judgments of Responsibility: A Foundation for a Theory of Social Conduct. New York: Guilford.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1975). Belief in a just world and altruistic behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31(5), 972-976.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Necip Yıldırım This is me

Serap Akgün This is me

Publication Date April 15, 2013
Submission Date February 15, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 24 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldırım, N., & Akgün, S. (2013). SİVİL TOPLUM KURULUŞU GÖNÜLLÜLERİNİN SOSYAL SİSTEMİN MEŞRUİYETİNE İLİŞKİN ALGILARI, ADİL DÜNYA İNANÇLARI VE SOSYAL BASKINLIK YÖNELİMLERİ. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 24(1), 115-128.