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Pozitif Sosyal Hizmet: Yeniden Bir Kavramsallaştırma

Year 2021, Volume: 32 Issue: 4, 1523 - 1541, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.884937

Abstract

Profesyonel yardım mesleklerinde pozitif yönelim son dönemlerde artış eğilimi göstermektedir. Psikoloji, psikoterapi ve psikiyatri gibi alanlarda bu pozitif yönelimleri görmek mümkün olmaktadır. Pozitif psikoloji, pozitif psikoterapi ve pozitif psikiyatri ekollerinin de bireylerin semptomları yerine güçlü yanlarına, zayıflıkları yerine erdemlerine, eksiklikleri yerine becerilerine ve kaynaklarına odaklanıyor olması bu yönelimin en bariz örnekleri arasındadır. İnsan beyninin pozitiften ziyade negatife daha fazla dikkat ediyor ve daha güçlü tepki gösteriyor olması pozitif yönelimin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Yaşamdaki zorluklarla mücadele etmede güçlü içsel kaynaklara ihtiyaç duyarız ve böylece psikolojik sağlamlığımızı geliştirebiliriz. Aynı şekilde hastalık yerine sağlık, stres yerine yeterlilik, çatışma yerine iş birliği, karamsarlık yerine umut daha iyidir. Bu bağlamda sosyal hizmette de bu pozitif odağı görmek mümkündür. Uluslararası tanımında insanın güçlendirilmesini ve özgürleştirilmesini temel alan sosyal hizmet, insan doğasına pozitif bakmaktadır. Buradan hareketle bu makalenin amacı sosyal hizmet müdahale alanı için pozitif yönelimli bir kavramsallaştırma sunarak Pozitif Sosyal Hizmet adıyla yeni bir modele zemin hazırlamaktır

References

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  • Adams, R. (2003). Social work and empowerment. Palgrave Macmillan
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of general psychology, 5(4), 323-370.
  • Blundo, R. (2013). Strengths-based framework. In Encyclopedia of social work.
  • Bonifas, R. P., & Napoli, M. (2014). Mindfully increasing quality of life: A promising curriculum for MSW students. Social Work Education, 33(4), 469-484.
  • Cagande, C., Messias, E., & Peseschkian, H. (2020). Positive Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychology: Clinical Applications. Springer,
  • Chakhssi, F., Kraiss, J. T., Sommers-Spijkerman, M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2018). The effect of positive psychology interventions on well-being and distress in clinical samples with psychiatric or somatic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry, 18(1), 1-17.
  • Cheung, M., Xu, L., Liu, J., Chen, X., Leung, P. ve Huang, Y.J. (2019). Rice Therapy as a Positive Social Work Approach: Directive vs. Nondirective Outcomes, Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 16:5, 540-554.
  • Cheung, M., & Leung, C. A. (2020). Laughter Yoga as a Social Work Intervention. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 90(4), 288-301.
  • Coaston, S. C. (2017). Self-Care through Self-Compassion: A Balm for Burnout. Professional Counselor, 7(3), 285-297.
  • Crain, W. (2011) Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, I. S. (Eds.). (2006). A life worth living: Contributions to positive psychology. Oxford University Press.
  • David, S. A., Boniwell, I., & Ayers, A. C. (Eds.). (2014). The Oxford handbook of happiness. Oxford University Press.
  • Dobiała, E., & Winkler, P. (2016). Positive psychotherapy’according to Seligman and ‘Positive Psychotherapy’ according to Peseschkian: A Comparison. Int J Psychother, 20(3), 3.
  • Dominelli, L. (1997). Sociology for social work. Macmillan International Higher Education.
  • Dowlatabadi, M. M., Ahmadi, S. M., Sorbi, M. H., Beiki, O., Razavi, T. K., & Bidaki, R. (2016). The effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on depression and happiness in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial. Electronic physician, 8(3), 2175.
  • Elliott, D. (1993). Social work and social development: Towards an integrative model for social work practice. International Social Work, 36(1), 21-36.
  • Eryilmaz, A. (2017). Pozitif psikoterapiler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(3), 346-362.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2020). Meta Teori: Bir Gelişim ve Psikoterapi Kuramı Olarak Pozitif Psikoterapi. Nobel Akademi.
  • Evans, E. N. (1992). Liberation theology, empowerment theory and social work practice with the oppressed. International Social Work, 35(2), 135-147.
  • Forgeard, M. J. C., Jayawickreme, E., Kern, M. L., & Seligman, M. E. (2011). Doing the right thing: Measuring wellbeing for public policy. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1, 79–106.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought‐action repertoires. Cognition & emotion, 19(3), 313-332.
  • Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2010). Happiness and public choice. Public Choice, 144, 557–573.
  • Gable, S. L., & Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology?. Review of general psychology, 9(2), 103-110.
  • Gee, E. M. T., Kobayashi, K. M., & Prus, S. G. (2004). Examining the healthy immigrant effect in mid-to later life: findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 23(5), S55-S63.
  • Gibbons, S., Murphy, D., & Joseph, S. (2011). Countertransference and positive growth in social workers. Journal of Social Work Practice, 25(1), 17-30.
  • Goldstein, E. G. (2007). Social work education and clinical learning: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Clinical Social Work Journal, 35(1), 15-23.
  • Goldstein, E. G. (2009). The relationship between social work and psychoanalysis: The future impact of social workers. Clinical Social Work Journal, 37(1), 7-13.
  • Greene, G. J., & Lee, M. Y. (2011). Solution-oriented social work practice: An integrative approach to working with client strengths. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Gutierrez, L. M. (1990). Working with women of color: An empowerment perspective. Social work, 35(2), 149-153.
  • Hare, I. (2004). Defining social work for the 21st century: The International Federation of Social Workers' revised definition of social work. International social work, 47(3), 407-424.
  • Healy, K. (2014). Social work theories in context: Creating frameworks for practice. Macmillan International Higher Education.
  • Hillison, K. (2019). Positive Social Work: The Essential Toolkit for NQSWs. Practice, 31:2, 154-156.
  • Johnson, L. C. (2001). Socialinio darbo praktika. VU: Specialiosios pedagogikos laboratorija.
  • Joseph, A. J. (2015). Beyond intersectionalities of identity or interlocking analyses of difference: Confluence and the problematic of “anti”-oppression. Intersectionalities: A global journal of social work analysis, research, policy, and practice, 4(1), 15-39.
  • Kern, M.L., Waters, L.E., Adler, A. & White, M.A. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10:3, 262-271,
  • Klein, W. C., & Bloom, M. (1994). Social work as applied social science: A historical analysis. Social Work, 39(4), 421-431.
  • Kreivinienė, B., & Rimkus, V. (2016). Positive social work approach: The shift from “work” towards “social”. Tiltai, 73(1), 83-96. Lai, D. W., & Andruske, C. L. (2014). Uncovering the hidden treasures and strengths: Contributions of aging Chinese in Canada. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 71-96.
  • Lee, J. J., & Himmelheber, S. A. (2016). Field education in the present moment: Evaluating a 14-week pedagogical model to increase mindfulness practice. Journal of Social Work Education, 52(4), 473-483.
  • Lee, M. Y., Uken, A., & Sebold, J. (2009). Accountability for change: Solution-focused treatment for domestic violence offenders. In P. Lehmann & C.A. Simmons (Eds), Strengths-based batterer intervention: A new paradigm in ending family violence (pp. 55–86). New York: Springer.
  • Leung, T. T., & Lam, B. C. (2019). Building consensus on user participation in social work: A conversation analysis. Journal of Social Work, 19(1), 20–40.
  • Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (Eds.). (2011). The Oxford handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Meyer, C. (1990) 'Repairing our Fractured Profession', Columbia University Alumni Newsletter, Fall/Winter: 2-3.
  • Mueller, G. E. (1958). The Hegel Legend of" Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis". Journal of the History of Ideas, 19(3), 411-414.
  • Müller, R., Gertz, K. J., Molton, I. R., Terrill, A. L., Bombardier, C. H., Ehde, D. M., & Jensen, M. P. (2016). Effects of a tailored positive psychology intervention on well-being and pain in individuals with chronic pain and a physical disability. The Clinical journal of pain, 32(1), 32-44.
  • Ogden, L. P., & Rogerson, C. V. (2019). Positive social work education: results from a classroom trial. Social Work Education, 1-15.
  • Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory. Oxford University Press.
  • Peseschkian, N, & Walker, R.R. (1987). Positive psychotherapy theory and practice of a new method. Berlin, Springer-verlag, s.156- 257.
  • Peseschkian, N. (1987). Basic Capacities. In Positive Psychotherapy (pp. 93-151). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Peseschkian, N. (1996). Die Positive Psychotherapie. In Das Geheimnis des Samenkorns (pp. 22-40). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Peterson, C., and N. Park. 2003. Positive psychology as the evenhanded positive psychologist views it. Psychological Inquiry 14:141-46.
  • Peterson, C. (2004). Positive social science. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 186-201.
  • Peterson, C. (2006). A primer in positive psychology. Oxford university press.
  • Pina, I., Braga, C. D. M., de Oliveira, T. F., de Santana, C. N., Marques, R. C., & Machado, L. (2020). Positive psychology interventions to improve well-being and symptoms in people on the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, (AHEAD).
  • Quinlan, D. M. (2017). Transforming our schools together: A multi-school collaboration to implement positive education. In Positive psychology interventions in practice (pp. 123-142). Springer, Cham.
  • Rashid, T. (2015). Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 25-40.
  • Reeser, L. C., & Leigninger, L. (1990). Back to our roots towards a specialization in social justice. J. Soc. & Soc. Welfare, 17, 69.
  • Richmond, M.E. (1922). What is Social Casework? New York. Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1962). The interpersonal relationship: The core of guidance. Harvard educational review.
  • Rozin, P., & Royzman, E. B. (2001). Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion. Personality and social psychology review, 5(4), 296-320.
  • Saleebey, D. (1990). Philosophical disputes in social work: Social justice denied. J. Soc. & Soc. Welfare, 17, 29.
  • Saleebey, D. (2013). The Strengths perspective in social work practice. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson. Sarı, T., & Schlechter, A. D. (2020). Positive Psychology: An Introduction. In Positive Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychology (pp. 33-46). Springer, Cham.
  • Schatz, M. S., Flagler, M. N. (2004). Examining How Professionals Describe the Strengths Perspective in Their Practice. The Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work, Vol. 9, No, 2, p. 63–77.
  • Schueller S.M., Parks A.C. (2014). The science of self-help. Eur Psychol, 19(2):145–55.
  • Seligman, M.E. ve Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2006). Learned optimism: How to change your mind and your life. Vintage.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2011). Flourish. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E. (2012). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
  • Sheafor, B. W., Horejsi, C. R., (2016). Sosyal hizmet uygulaması: Temel teknikler ve ilkeler. Nika Yayınevi.
  • Solomon, B. B. (1976). Black ernpowerment: Social work in oppressed communities. New York: Columbia University Press
  • Solomon, B. B. (1987). Empowerment: Social work in oppressed communities. Journal of Social Work Practice, 2(4), 79-91.
  • Specht, H., & Courtney, M. (1994). Unfaithful angels: How social work has abandoned its mission. New York: The Free Press.
  • Specht, H. (1990). Social work and the popular psychotherapies. Social Service Review, 64(3), 345-357.
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Positive Social Work: A Reconceptualization

Year 2021, Volume: 32 Issue: 4, 1523 - 1541, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.884937

Abstract

The positive orientation in professional helping professions has been augmenting recently. Positive orientation can be found in fields such as psychology, psychotherapy, and psychiatry. The most obvious example of this orientation is that positive psychology, positive psychotherapy, and positive psychiatry schools focus on clients' strengths and virtues instead of their weaknesses and skills instead of deficits. The human mind pays more attention to negatives than positives and reacts more strongly, revealing the importance of positive orientation. We need substantial internal resources to tackle life's difficulties, and thus, we can improve our psychological resilience. Likewise, it is better to focus on health instead of illness, cooperation instead of conflict, hope instead of pessimism. It is possible to see this positive focus in social work. Based on human beings' empowerment and liberation in its international definition, social work takes a positive view of human nature. From this point of view, this article aims to lay the groundwork for a new model called Positive Social Work by presenting a positively oriented conceptualization for social work intervention.

References

  • Adams, R., Dominelli, L., & Payne, M. (Eds.). (2009). Critical practice in social work. Macmillan International Higher Education.
  • Adams, R. (2003). Social work and empowerment. Palgrave Macmillan
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of general psychology, 5(4), 323-370.
  • Blundo, R. (2013). Strengths-based framework. In Encyclopedia of social work.
  • Bonifas, R. P., & Napoli, M. (2014). Mindfully increasing quality of life: A promising curriculum for MSW students. Social Work Education, 33(4), 469-484.
  • Cagande, C., Messias, E., & Peseschkian, H. (2020). Positive Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychology: Clinical Applications. Springer,
  • Chakhssi, F., Kraiss, J. T., Sommers-Spijkerman, M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2018). The effect of positive psychology interventions on well-being and distress in clinical samples with psychiatric or somatic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry, 18(1), 1-17.
  • Cheung, M., Xu, L., Liu, J., Chen, X., Leung, P. ve Huang, Y.J. (2019). Rice Therapy as a Positive Social Work Approach: Directive vs. Nondirective Outcomes, Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 16:5, 540-554.
  • Cheung, M., & Leung, C. A. (2020). Laughter Yoga as a Social Work Intervention. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 90(4), 288-301.
  • Coaston, S. C. (2017). Self-Care through Self-Compassion: A Balm for Burnout. Professional Counselor, 7(3), 285-297.
  • Crain, W. (2011) Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, I. S. (Eds.). (2006). A life worth living: Contributions to positive psychology. Oxford University Press.
  • David, S. A., Boniwell, I., & Ayers, A. C. (Eds.). (2014). The Oxford handbook of happiness. Oxford University Press.
  • Dobiała, E., & Winkler, P. (2016). Positive psychotherapy’according to Seligman and ‘Positive Psychotherapy’ according to Peseschkian: A Comparison. Int J Psychother, 20(3), 3.
  • Dominelli, L. (1997). Sociology for social work. Macmillan International Higher Education.
  • Dowlatabadi, M. M., Ahmadi, S. M., Sorbi, M. H., Beiki, O., Razavi, T. K., & Bidaki, R. (2016). The effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on depression and happiness in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial. Electronic physician, 8(3), 2175.
  • Elliott, D. (1993). Social work and social development: Towards an integrative model for social work practice. International Social Work, 36(1), 21-36.
  • Eryilmaz, A. (2017). Pozitif psikoterapiler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(3), 346-362.
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2020). Meta Teori: Bir Gelişim ve Psikoterapi Kuramı Olarak Pozitif Psikoterapi. Nobel Akademi.
  • Evans, E. N. (1992). Liberation theology, empowerment theory and social work practice with the oppressed. International Social Work, 35(2), 135-147.
  • Forgeard, M. J. C., Jayawickreme, E., Kern, M. L., & Seligman, M. E. (2011). Doing the right thing: Measuring wellbeing for public policy. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1, 79–106.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought‐action repertoires. Cognition & emotion, 19(3), 313-332.
  • Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2010). Happiness and public choice. Public Choice, 144, 557–573.
  • Gable, S. L., & Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology?. Review of general psychology, 9(2), 103-110.
  • Gee, E. M. T., Kobayashi, K. M., & Prus, S. G. (2004). Examining the healthy immigrant effect in mid-to later life: findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 23(5), S55-S63.
  • Gibbons, S., Murphy, D., & Joseph, S. (2011). Countertransference and positive growth in social workers. Journal of Social Work Practice, 25(1), 17-30.
  • Goldstein, E. G. (2007). Social work education and clinical learning: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Clinical Social Work Journal, 35(1), 15-23.
  • Goldstein, E. G. (2009). The relationship between social work and psychoanalysis: The future impact of social workers. Clinical Social Work Journal, 37(1), 7-13.
  • Greene, G. J., & Lee, M. Y. (2011). Solution-oriented social work practice: An integrative approach to working with client strengths. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Gutierrez, L. M. (1990). Working with women of color: An empowerment perspective. Social work, 35(2), 149-153.
  • Hare, I. (2004). Defining social work for the 21st century: The International Federation of Social Workers' revised definition of social work. International social work, 47(3), 407-424.
  • Healy, K. (2014). Social work theories in context: Creating frameworks for practice. Macmillan International Higher Education.
  • Hillison, K. (2019). Positive Social Work: The Essential Toolkit for NQSWs. Practice, 31:2, 154-156.
  • Johnson, L. C. (2001). Socialinio darbo praktika. VU: Specialiosios pedagogikos laboratorija.
  • Joseph, A. J. (2015). Beyond intersectionalities of identity or interlocking analyses of difference: Confluence and the problematic of “anti”-oppression. Intersectionalities: A global journal of social work analysis, research, policy, and practice, 4(1), 15-39.
  • Kern, M.L., Waters, L.E., Adler, A. & White, M.A. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10:3, 262-271,
  • Klein, W. C., & Bloom, M. (1994). Social work as applied social science: A historical analysis. Social Work, 39(4), 421-431.
  • Kreivinienė, B., & Rimkus, V. (2016). Positive social work approach: The shift from “work” towards “social”. Tiltai, 73(1), 83-96. Lai, D. W., & Andruske, C. L. (2014). Uncovering the hidden treasures and strengths: Contributions of aging Chinese in Canada. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 71-96.
  • Lee, J. J., & Himmelheber, S. A. (2016). Field education in the present moment: Evaluating a 14-week pedagogical model to increase mindfulness practice. Journal of Social Work Education, 52(4), 473-483.
  • Lee, M. Y., Uken, A., & Sebold, J. (2009). Accountability for change: Solution-focused treatment for domestic violence offenders. In P. Lehmann & C.A. Simmons (Eds), Strengths-based batterer intervention: A new paradigm in ending family violence (pp. 55–86). New York: Springer.
  • Leung, T. T., & Lam, B. C. (2019). Building consensus on user participation in social work: A conversation analysis. Journal of Social Work, 19(1), 20–40.
  • Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (Eds.). (2011). The Oxford handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  • Meyer, C. (1990) 'Repairing our Fractured Profession', Columbia University Alumni Newsletter, Fall/Winter: 2-3.
  • Mueller, G. E. (1958). The Hegel Legend of" Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis". Journal of the History of Ideas, 19(3), 411-414.
  • Müller, R., Gertz, K. J., Molton, I. R., Terrill, A. L., Bombardier, C. H., Ehde, D. M., & Jensen, M. P. (2016). Effects of a tailored positive psychology intervention on well-being and pain in individuals with chronic pain and a physical disability. The Clinical journal of pain, 32(1), 32-44.
  • Ogden, L. P., & Rogerson, C. V. (2019). Positive social work education: results from a classroom trial. Social Work Education, 1-15.
  • Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory. Oxford University Press.
  • Peseschkian, N, & Walker, R.R. (1987). Positive psychotherapy theory and practice of a new method. Berlin, Springer-verlag, s.156- 257.
  • Peseschkian, N. (1987). Basic Capacities. In Positive Psychotherapy (pp. 93-151). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Peseschkian, N. (1996). Die Positive Psychotherapie. In Das Geheimnis des Samenkorns (pp. 22-40). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Peterson, C., and N. Park. 2003. Positive psychology as the evenhanded positive psychologist views it. Psychological Inquiry 14:141-46.
  • Peterson, C. (2004). Positive social science. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 186-201.
  • Peterson, C. (2006). A primer in positive psychology. Oxford university press.
  • Pina, I., Braga, C. D. M., de Oliveira, T. F., de Santana, C. N., Marques, R. C., & Machado, L. (2020). Positive psychology interventions to improve well-being and symptoms in people on the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, (AHEAD).
  • Quinlan, D. M. (2017). Transforming our schools together: A multi-school collaboration to implement positive education. In Positive psychology interventions in practice (pp. 123-142). Springer, Cham.
  • Rashid, T. (2015). Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 25-40.
  • Reeser, L. C., & Leigninger, L. (1990). Back to our roots towards a specialization in social justice. J. Soc. & Soc. Welfare, 17, 69.
  • Richmond, M.E. (1922). What is Social Casework? New York. Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1962). The interpersonal relationship: The core of guidance. Harvard educational review.
  • Rozin, P., & Royzman, E. B. (2001). Negativity bias, negativity dominance, and contagion. Personality and social psychology review, 5(4), 296-320.
  • Saleebey, D. (1990). Philosophical disputes in social work: Social justice denied. J. Soc. & Soc. Welfare, 17, 29.
  • Saleebey, D. (2013). The Strengths perspective in social work practice. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson. Sarı, T., & Schlechter, A. D. (2020). Positive Psychology: An Introduction. In Positive Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychology (pp. 33-46). Springer, Cham.
  • Schatz, M. S., Flagler, M. N. (2004). Examining How Professionals Describe the Strengths Perspective in Their Practice. The Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work, Vol. 9, No, 2, p. 63–77.
  • Schueller S.M., Parks A.C. (2014). The science of self-help. Eur Psychol, 19(2):145–55.
  • Seligman, M.E. ve Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2006). Learned optimism: How to change your mind and your life. Vintage.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2011). Flourish. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E. (2012). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster.
  • Sheafor, B. W., Horejsi, C. R., (2016). Sosyal hizmet uygulaması: Temel teknikler ve ilkeler. Nika Yayınevi.
  • Solomon, B. B. (1976). Black ernpowerment: Social work in oppressed communities. New York: Columbia University Press
  • Solomon, B. B. (1987). Empowerment: Social work in oppressed communities. Journal of Social Work Practice, 2(4), 79-91.
  • Specht, H., & Courtney, M. (1994). Unfaithful angels: How social work has abandoned its mission. New York: The Free Press.
  • Specht, H. (1990). Social work and the popular psychotherapies. Social Service Review, 64(3), 345-357.
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There are 80 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ozan Selçuk 0000-0002-2852-7491

Publication Date October 31, 2021
Submission Date February 22, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 32 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Selçuk, O. (2021). Pozitif Sosyal Hizmet: Yeniden Bir Kavramsallaştırma. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 32(4), 1523-1541. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.884937