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TEKNOLOJİ ÇAĞININ KONUŞULMAYAN GÜNDEMİ: ÇEVRİM İÇİ ÇOCUK CİNSEL İSTİSMARI

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 22, 83 - 106, 11.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.46218/tshd.1348555

Öz

İnternetin dünya tarihine girmesiyle hız kazanan teknolojik ilerlemelerin etki ettiği alanların sayısı günden güne artmaktadır. Bu etkiler çok yönlü olmakla birlikte bazı olguların evirilmesine de aracılık etmektedir. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin yaygınlaşması, internet kullanımının artması her yaşta bireylere yeni kullanım alışkanlıkları edindirmiştir. İnternet kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile beraber çocukların da dijital platformlarda geçirdiği zamanın arttığı bilinmektedir. Bu zaman çocuklar için eğlence, öğrenme, zaman geçirme gibi nitelikler barındırsa da aynı zamanda sanal platformlarda çeşitli biçimlerde cinsel istismara maruz kalma potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Çevrim içi çocuk cinsel istismarının yaygınlığının dikkat çekmesi ve konuya ilişkin literatürün giderek artmasıyla birlikte, bu konudaki temel tanımlayıcı ve açıklayıcı kavramlara ve bilgilere ihtiyaç artmaktadır. Bu çalışma literatür taraması yoluyla, çevrim içi çocuk cinsel istismarı kavramı ve kapsamı hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma aynı zamanda sosyal hizmet perspektifinden konunun çocuk ve aile refahı için önemine dikkat çekerek uygulayıcılar ve yeni araştırmacılar için birtakım önerilerde bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.

Kaynakça

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THE UNSPOKEN AGENDA OF THE TECHNOLOGY AGE: ONLINE CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 22, 83 - 106, 11.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.46218/tshd.1348555

Öz

The number of areas affected by technological advances, which accelerated with the entry of the Internet into world history, is increasing day by day. Although these effects are multifaceted, they also mediate the evolution of some phenomena. The widespread use of information and communication technologies and the increase in the use of the internet have given individuals of all ages new usage habits. It is known that with the widespread use of the Internet, the time spent by children on digital platforms has increased. Although this time has qualities such as entertainment, learning and spending time for children, it also has the potential to be exposed to various forms of sexual abuse on virtual platforms. With the prevalence of online child sexual abuse drawing attention and the increasing literature on the subject, the need for basic descriptive and explanatory concepts and information on this subject is increasing. This study aims to provide information about the concept and scope of online child sexual abuse through an international and national literature review. The study also aims to make some suggestions for practitioners and new researchers by drawing attention to the importance of the subject for child and family welfare from a social work perspective.

Kaynakça

  • Ainsaar, M., ve Lööf, L. (2011). Online behaviour related to child sexual abuse. URL: https://www. childrenatrisk. eu/robert/public/Online_behaviour_related_to_sexual_ abuse.
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  • Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., ve Wolak, J. (2007). Youth Internet users at risk for the most serious online sexual solicitations. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32, 532–537. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.001
  • Mitchell, K., Ybarra, M. ve D. Finkelhor (2007) The relative importance of online victimization in understanding depression, delinquency & substance use. Child Maltreatment, 12(4), 314-324.
  • Mitchell, K.J., Finkelhor, D. ve Wolak, J. (2001), “Risk factors for and impact of online sexual solicitation of youth”, JAMA, Vol.285, No.23, pp.3011–14.
  • Modelli, M. E., Galvão, M. F., & Pratesi, R. (2012). Child sexual abuse. Forensic science international, 217(1-3), 1-4.
  • Montiel, I., Carbonell, E., ve Pereda, N. (2016). Multiple online victimization of Spanish adolescents: Results from a community sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 52, 123-134.
  • NetClean. (2018). Blocking as a way of stopping child sexual abuse material. (Erişim tarihi: 21.08.2023, https://respect.international/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NetClean_Report_2018.pdf
  • O’Connell, R. (2003). A typology of child cybersexploitation and online grooming practices. Cyberspace Research Unit. http://netsafe.org.nz/Doc_Library/racheloconnell1.pdf
  • O’Donnell I, Milner C. (2007) Child pornography, crime computers and society. Cullompton, United Kingdom: Willan Publishing.
  • Olson, L. N., Daggs, J. L., Ellevold, B. L., ve Rogers, T. K. (2007). Entrapping the innocent: Toward a theory of child sexual predators’ luring communication. Communication Theory, 17(3), 231–251. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00294.x
  • Özçalık, C. K., & Atakoğlu, R. (2021). Çevrimiçi çocuk cinsel istismarı: Yaygınlık, mağdur ve suçlu özellikleri. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing/Psikiyatri Hemsireleri Dernegi, 12(1).
  • Paolucci, E. O., Genuis, M. L., & Violato, C. (2001). A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual abuse. The Journal of psychology, 135(1), 17-36.
  • Patterson, A., Ryckman, L., & Guerra, C. (2022). A systematic review of the education and awareness interventions to prevent online child sexual abuse. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 15(3), 857-867.
  • Pegg, S. (2017). Online grooming and the law. The Law Society Gazette
  • Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(4), 328– 338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.007
  • Petraitis, V. and O’Connor, C. (1999), Rockspider: The danger of paedophiles – untold stories, Hybrid Publishers, Melbourne.
  • Piché, L., Mathesius, J., Lussier, P., ve Schweighofer, A. (2018). Preventative services for sexual ofenders. Sexual Abuse, 30(1), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063216630749
  • Quayle, E., ve Jones, T. (2011). Sexualized images of children on the Internet. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 23, 7– 21. doi:10.1177/1079063210392596
  • Quayle, E., Lööf, L., Soo, K., ve Ainsaar, M. (2012). Methodological issues. In M. Ainsaar & L. Lööf (Eds.), Online behavior related to child sexual abuse: Literature report (pp. 9–16).
  • Rogers, P., Wczasek, R. ve M. Davies (2010) Attributions of blame in a hypothetical internet solicitation case: Roles of victim naivety, parental neglect and respondent gender. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 1-19.
  • Sandler, J. C., Freeman, N. J., ve Socia, K. M. (2008). Does a watched pot boil? A time-series analysis of New York State’s sex ofender registration and notifcation law. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 14(4), 284. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013881
  • Santrock, W. J., MacKenzie-Rivers, A., Leung, H. K.. ve Malcomson, T. (2005). Life-Span Development. McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Canada
  • Say, G. N., Babadağı, Z., Karabekiroğlu, K., Yüce, M., ve Akbaş, S. (2015). Abuse characteristics and psychiatric consequences associated with online sexual abuse. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(6), 333-336.
  • Slattery, L. (2001), “Snake oil for the ills of modern life”, The Australian, 27th June, p.13.
  • Soo, K., Bodanovskaya, Z. (2011). ‘Risk factors of becoming a victim of Internet related sexual abuse’ in Mare Ainsaar and Lars Lööf (eds) Online behaviour related to child sexual abuse. Literature Report.
  • Staksrud, E. (2013). Online grooming legislation: Knee-jerk regulation? European Journal Of Communication, 28(2), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323112471304
  • Stoltenborgh, M., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Euser, E. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child maltreatment, 16(2), 79-101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559511403920
  • Subrahmanyam, K., Greenfield, P. M., ve Tynes, B. (2004). Constructing sexuality and identity in an online teen chat room. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(6), 651-666.
  • Schulz, A., Bergen, E., Schuhmann, P., Hoyer, J., ve Santtila, P. (2016). Online sexual solicitation of minors: how often and between whom does it occur?. Journal of Researchi in Crime And Delinquency, 53(2), 165-188.
  • Taylor M, Quayle E. (2003) Child pornography: an Internet crime. Brighton, United Kingdom: Routledge. van Dam, C. (2001). Identifying child molesters: preventing child sexual abuse by recognizing the patterns of the offenders. Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press, Inc.
  • Wachs, S., Wolf, K. D., ve Pan, C. C. (2012). Cybergrooming: Risk factors, coping strategies and associations with cyberbullying. Psicothema, 628-633.
  • Wells, M., ve Mitchell, K. J. (2007). Youth sexual exploitation on the Internet: DSM-IV diagnoses and gender differences in co-occurring mental health issues. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 24, 235-260.
  • WePROTECT Global Alliance (2021). Global Threat Assessment, https://www.weprotect.org/global-threat-assessment-21/#report (Erişim tarihi: 01.11.2023).
  • Whittle, H. C., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E., ve Beech, A. R. (2014). In their own words: Young peoples’ vulnerabilities to being groomed and sexually abused online. Psychology, 5(10), 1185–1196. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.510131
  • Whittle, H., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E., ve Beech, A. R. (2014). “Under His Spell”: Victims’ perspectives of being groomed online. Social Sciences, 3(3), 404–426. https://doi.org/10. 3390/socsci3030404
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  • Williams, R., Elliott, I. A., ve Beech, A. R. (2013). Identifying sexual grooming themes used by internet sex offenders. Deviant Behavior, 34(2), 135–152. doi:10.1080/01639625.2012.707550
  • Winters, G. M., Jeglic, E. L., ve Kaylor, L. E. (2020). Validation of the sexual grooming model of child sexual abusers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(7), 855-875.
  • Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., ve Mitchell, K. (2007). 1 in 7 Youth: The statistics about online sexual solicitations. Crimes Against Children Research Unit: University of New Hampshire.
  • Wolak, J., Mitchell, K. J., ve Finkelhor, D. (2006). Online victimization of youth: Five years later. National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.
  • Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., ve Mitchell, K. (2004). Internet-initiated sex crimes against minors: Implications for prevention based on findings from a national study. Journal of adolescent health, 35(5), 424-e11. World Health Organization. (2020). Child maltreatment. Retrieved 7 May 2021, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/child-maltreatment
  • Wyre, R. (2000). Paedophile characteristics and patterns of behaviour. In C. Itzin (Ed.), Home truths about sexual abuse influencing policy and practice: A reader (pp. 49–69). London: Routledge. United Nations Children’s Fund. (1998). Convention on the rights of the child. (Erişim tarihi: 21.08.2023). http://www.unicef.org/crc/
  • Yar M. (2010) Cybersex offences: patterns, prevention and protection. In Harrison K, ed. Dealing with high-risk sex offenders in the community: risk management, treatment and social responsibilities. Cullompton: Willan Publishing, pp. 229–248.
  • Ybarra, M.L., Diener-West, M. ve P. J. Leaf (2007) Examining the overlap in Internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S42-50.
  • Yeaman, J. M. (1986). Facilitating prevention and prosecution of child sexual abuse through the multi-disciplinary assessment team. Current Municipal Problems, 13(2), 228-233.
  • Yıldırım, Ş. (2016). Sosyal hizmette krize müdahale yaklaşımının kullanımı krize müdahale. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(4).
  • Zoroğlu, S. S., Tüzün, U., Şar, V., Öztürk, M., Kara, M. E., & Alyanak, B. (2001). Çocukluk döneminde ihmal ve istismarın olası sonuçlarının incelenmesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2(2), 69-78.
Toplam 107 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal Hizmetler (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Berçem Barut-bektaş 0000-0002-9134-9456

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 12 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

APA Barut-bektaş, B. (2024). TEKNOLOJİ ÇAĞININ KONUŞULMAYAN GÜNDEMİ: ÇEVRİM İÇİ ÇOCUK CİNSEL İSTİSMARI. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi(22), 83-106. https://doi.org/10.46218/tshd.1348555