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Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912)

Year 2022, Issue: 1, 22 - 39, 31.12.2022

Denis Ljuljanovic

Abstract

Bu makale, Vlora ailesinin dört üyesine (Mehmet Ferid Paşa, İsmail Qemali, Süreyya Bey ve Ekrem Bey) ve
onların 20. yüzyılın başında Makedonya Sorunu’nun karmaşıklığı hakkındaki görüşlerine odaklanmaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın kapsamını, farklı bölgesel kaynaklar ve üç aile üyesinin Osmanlıca, İngilizce ve Almanca
dillerinde yazılmış hatıralarını kullanarak, Makedonya meselesine ilişkin bakış açılarını tartışmaya açmak
ve bölgesel ve bölgeler arası ve uluslararası düzeylerdeki angajmanlarını ele almak oluşturmaktadır. Bu
bağlamda, sosyal ağların analizi siyasi eylem ve eğitimden sürgün ve seyahate kadar çok çeşitli faaliyetleri
mümkün kılan önemli bir altyapı sağlayacaktır. Ancak bazen Vlora ailesi üyelerinin de farklı tepkiler
verdiğinin, farklı programlara katıldığının ve farklı stratejiler için lobi yaptığının da farkında olmalıyız.
Örneğin Mehmet Ferit Paşa Hamidiye hükümetinde sadrazamken, kuzeni İsmail Qemali (Türkçe literatürde
İsmail Kemal) o dönemde Jön Türk hareketinin ana aktörlerinden biriydi. Dolayısıyla, “aile içinde” Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu’nun ve Balkanların geleceğine ilişkin birleşik bir strateji olduğu varsayılmamalıdır. Bazı
vakaları kullanarak, Vloralıların görüşlerinin her zaman ortak siyasi programlara katılma yönünde değil,
daha ziyade tartışmalar ve çelişkilerle sonuçlandığını göstereceğim.

Keywords

Vlora (Avlonya) Makedonya meselesi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Balkanlar hatıratlar

References

  • T.C. Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA).
  • HR.SYS Hariciye Siyasi.
  • Lepsius, Johannes vd., Yay. Haz. Die Grosse Politik der Europäischen Kabinette 1871 – 1914. Sammlung der Diplomatischen Akten des Auswärtigen Amtes, 40 cilt. Berlin: Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft für Politik und Geschichte, 1922-1927.
  • Ahmad, Feroz. The Young Turks and the Ottoman Nationalities: Armenians, Greeks, Albanians, Jews, and Arabs, 1908-1918. Utah: University of Utah Press, 2014.
  • Ahmet Cevdet Paşa. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Tarihi. İstanbul: İlgi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2008.
  • Avlonyalı Süreyya Bey, Osmanlı Sonrası Arnavutluk (1912-1920). İstanbul: Klasik Yayınları, 2018.
  • Bakalli Emine, Kryengritja E Malësisë Së Mbishkodrës E Vitit 1911: Përkufizime dhe Refleksione, Gjurmime Albanologjike - Seria E Shkencave Historike 40 (2010): 187-202.
  • Bozbora, Nuray. Osmanlı Yönetiminde Arnavutluk ve Arnavut Ulusçuluğu’nun Gelişimi. İstanbul: Boyut Kitapları, 1997.
  • Bozbora, Nuray. “The Policy of Abdulhamid II Regarding the Prizren League”. Turkish Review of Balkan Studies 11 (2006): 45-67.
  • Bozbora, Nuray. “Albanian Perception of 1908 Revolution and Its Effects on Albanian Nationalism”. IBAC 2 (2012): 623-644.
  • Clayer, Nathalie. Ne fillimet e nacionalizmit shqiptar: Lindja e nje kombit me shumice mysliman ne Evrope, botime. Tiranë: Perpjekja, 2012. Orjinali: Nathalie Clayer, Aux origines du nationalism albanais: la naissance d’une nation majoritairement musulmane on Europe. Paris: Karthala, 2007.
  • Clayer, Nathalie. “Edhe një herë mbi kryengritjet shqiptare të pasvitit 1908”. Përpjekja 30-31 (2013): 85-122.
  • Çelik, Bilgin. İttihatçılar ve Arnavutlar. Istanbul: Büke Yayınları, 2004.
  • Deringil, Selim. The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire, 1876–1909. London: I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 1999.
  • Elezovich, Z. M., A. M. Mumovich ve D. M. Elezovich, “Grigorii Stepanovich Sherbina (1868–1903) v Kulture Kosovskih Serbov,” Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universitetaa 420 (2017): 141-145.
  • Howard, Eissenstat. “Modernization, Imperial Nationalism, and the Ethnicization of Confessional Identity in The Late Ottoman Empire”. Nationalizing Empires, yay. haz. Stefan Berger ve Alexei Miller, 429-459. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2015.
  • Fabrykant, Marharyta ve Renee Buhr. “Small State Imperialism: The Place of Empire in Contemporary Nationalist Discourse”. Nations and Nationalism 22-1 (2016): 103-122.
  • Gawrych, George. The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913. New York: I.B.Tauris, 2006.
  • Geyer, Dietrich. Russian Imperialism. The Interaction of Domestic and Foreign Policy 1860–1914. Hamburg: Leamington Spa, 1987.
  • Grandits Hannes vd. yay. haz. “Introduction: Social (Dis-)Integration and the National Turn in the Late- and Post-Ottoman Balkans. Towards an Analytical Framework”. Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans. The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and Nation-Building, yay. haz. Hannes Grandits, Nathalie Calyer ve Robert Pichler, 1-12. London: I.B. Tauris, 2011.
  • Hacısalihoğlu, Mehmet. Die Jungtürken und die Mazedonische Frage, 1890-1918. Munchen: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2003.
  • Hanioğlu, Şükrü. Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902–1908. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • Hobsbawm, Eric. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1990.
  • Karabekir, Kazım. İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2009.
  • Kırmızı, Abdulhamit. “Experiencing the Ottoman Empire as a Life Course: Ferid Pasha, Governor and Grandvizier (1851-1914)”. Geschichte und Gesellschaft 40 (2014): 42-66.
  • Kırmızı, Abdulhamit. Avlonyalı Ferid Paşa: Bir Ömür Devlet. Istanbul: Klasik, 2014.
  • Köksal, Osman. “Osmanlı Devleti’nde Sıkı Yönetim ile İlgili Mevzuat Üzerine bir Deneme”. AÜ Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 12 (2001): 151-171.
  • Malešević, Siniša. “Nationalism and Imperialism as Enemies and Friends: Nation-State Formation and Imperial Projects in the Balkans.” Nations and States, Power and Civility, yay. haz. F. Duina, 149-171. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018.
  • Nuro Kujtim dhe Nezir Bato. Hasan Prishtina – permbledhje dokumentash (1908-1934). Tirane: Drejtoria e Pergjithshme e Arkivave te Shtetit, 1982.
  • Özbek, Nadir. “Policing The Countryside: Gendarmes of The Late 19th-Century Ottoman Empire (1876–1908)”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 40 (2008): 47-67.
  • Özkan, Behlül. From the Abode of Islam to the Turkish Vatan - The: The Making of a National Homeland in Turkey. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2012.
  • “Perse u zgjodhen dy alfabete, Materiale e Dokumente”, Studime Filologjike 42-4 (1988): 149–159.
  • Prifti, Kristaq. Botimi dhe perhapja ne Evrope e vepres se Pashko Vases “E verteta per Shqiperine dhe Shqipetaret”. Tiranë: Studime Historike, 2002.
  • Prishtina, Hasan Bey. Nji shkurtim kujtimesh mbi kryengritjen shqiptare të vjetit 1912. Shkodra: Shtypshkroja Franciskane, 1921.
  • Qemali [Kemal], Ismail. The Memoirs of Ismail Kemal Bey. London: Constable and Company LTB, 1921.
  • Quataert, Donald. The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Reinkowski, Maurus. “The State’s Security and the Subjects’ Prosperity: Notions of Order in Ottoman Bureaucratic Correspondence (19th Century).” Legitimizing the Order: The Ottoman Rhetoric of State Power, yay. haz. Hakan Karateke ve Maurus Reinkowski, 195-212. Leiden: Brill, 2005.
  • Rohdewald, Stefan. Götter der Nationen: Religiöse Erinnerungsfiguren in Serbien, Bulgarien und Makedonien bis 1944. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2014.
  • Saygılı, Hasip. “1903 Makedonya’sında Reformlara Tepkiler: Manastır Rus Konsolosu Aleksandır Rostkovski’nin Katli.” Karadeniz Araştırmaları 39 (2013): 69-94.
  • Saygılı, Hasip. “Rumeli Müfettişliği Döneminde (1902-1908) Makedonya’da Yunan Komitecileri ve Osmanlı Devleti”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 11-21 (2015): 147-183.
  • Sarıca, Ragip. Fransa’da ve Türkiye’de Örfi İdare Rejimi. İstanbul: Baro Mecmuası, 1941.
  • Skendi Eqber. Hoxhë Kadriu-(Kadri Prishtina). Prishtinë: Ndërmarrja Botuese Relindja, 1992.
  • Şensoy, Naci. “Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Sıkı Yönetime Müteallik Mevzuatı Üzerinde Sentetik bir Deneme”. İÜHFM 13-1 (1947): 95-114.
  • Tahsin Paşa. Sultan Abdülhamid’in Sırdaşı. Istanbul: Yakın Plan Yayınları, 2000.
  • Thomas, Bohn M. Russische Geschichtswissenschaft von 1880 bis 1905: Pavel N. Miljukov und die Moskauer Schule. Weimar: Böhlau Verlag:, 1998.
  • Tokay, Gül. “Macedonian Reforms and Muslim Opposition during the Hamidian Era: 1878-1908”. Islam and Christan Muslim Relations, Vol. 14-1 (2010): 51-65.
  • Vasa, Pashko. The Truth on Albania and the Albanians: Historical and Critical. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 1999.
  • Vlora, Ekrem Bey. Lebenserinnerungen. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 1973.
  • Kujtim Nuro dhe Nezir Bato, Hasan Prishtina – permbledhje dokumentash (1908-1934), (Tirane: Drejtoria e Pergjithshme e Arkivave te Shtetit, 1982); http://shqiperiaebashkuar.al/?p=20556. Son Erişim Tarihi: 29 Eylül 2022

Year 2022, Issue: 1, 22 - 39, 31.12.2022

Denis Ljuljanovic

Abstract

Keywords

Vlora (Avlonya) Makedonya meselesi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Balkanlar hatıratlar

References

  • T.C. Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA).
  • HR.SYS Hariciye Siyasi.
  • Lepsius, Johannes vd., Yay. Haz. Die Grosse Politik der Europäischen Kabinette 1871 – 1914. Sammlung der Diplomatischen Akten des Auswärtigen Amtes, 40 cilt. Berlin: Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft für Politik und Geschichte, 1922-1927.
  • Ahmad, Feroz. The Young Turks and the Ottoman Nationalities: Armenians, Greeks, Albanians, Jews, and Arabs, 1908-1918. Utah: University of Utah Press, 2014.
  • Ahmet Cevdet Paşa. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Tarihi. İstanbul: İlgi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2008.
  • Avlonyalı Süreyya Bey, Osmanlı Sonrası Arnavutluk (1912-1920). İstanbul: Klasik Yayınları, 2018.
  • Bakalli Emine, Kryengritja E Malësisë Së Mbishkodrës E Vitit 1911: Përkufizime dhe Refleksione, Gjurmime Albanologjike - Seria E Shkencave Historike 40 (2010): 187-202.
  • Bozbora, Nuray. Osmanlı Yönetiminde Arnavutluk ve Arnavut Ulusçuluğu’nun Gelişimi. İstanbul: Boyut Kitapları, 1997.
  • Bozbora, Nuray. “The Policy of Abdulhamid II Regarding the Prizren League”. Turkish Review of Balkan Studies 11 (2006): 45-67.
  • Bozbora, Nuray. “Albanian Perception of 1908 Revolution and Its Effects on Albanian Nationalism”. IBAC 2 (2012): 623-644.
  • Clayer, Nathalie. Ne fillimet e nacionalizmit shqiptar: Lindja e nje kombit me shumice mysliman ne Evrope, botime. Tiranë: Perpjekja, 2012. Orjinali: Nathalie Clayer, Aux origines du nationalism albanais: la naissance d’une nation majoritairement musulmane on Europe. Paris: Karthala, 2007.
  • Clayer, Nathalie. “Edhe një herë mbi kryengritjet shqiptare të pasvitit 1908”. Përpjekja 30-31 (2013): 85-122.
  • Çelik, Bilgin. İttihatçılar ve Arnavutlar. Istanbul: Büke Yayınları, 2004.
  • Deringil, Selim. The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire, 1876–1909. London: I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 1999.
  • Elezovich, Z. M., A. M. Mumovich ve D. M. Elezovich, “Grigorii Stepanovich Sherbina (1868–1903) v Kulture Kosovskih Serbov,” Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universitetaa 420 (2017): 141-145.
  • Howard, Eissenstat. “Modernization, Imperial Nationalism, and the Ethnicization of Confessional Identity in The Late Ottoman Empire”. Nationalizing Empires, yay. haz. Stefan Berger ve Alexei Miller, 429-459. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2015.
  • Fabrykant, Marharyta ve Renee Buhr. “Small State Imperialism: The Place of Empire in Contemporary Nationalist Discourse”. Nations and Nationalism 22-1 (2016): 103-122.
  • Gawrych, George. The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913. New York: I.B.Tauris, 2006.
  • Geyer, Dietrich. Russian Imperialism. The Interaction of Domestic and Foreign Policy 1860–1914. Hamburg: Leamington Spa, 1987.
  • Grandits Hannes vd. yay. haz. “Introduction: Social (Dis-)Integration and the National Turn in the Late- and Post-Ottoman Balkans. Towards an Analytical Framework”. Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans. The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and Nation-Building, yay. haz. Hannes Grandits, Nathalie Calyer ve Robert Pichler, 1-12. London: I.B. Tauris, 2011.
  • Hacısalihoğlu, Mehmet. Die Jungtürken und die Mazedonische Frage, 1890-1918. Munchen: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2003.
  • Hanioğlu, Şükrü. Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902–1908. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
  • Hobsbawm, Eric. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1990.
  • Karabekir, Kazım. İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2009.
  • Kırmızı, Abdulhamit. “Experiencing the Ottoman Empire as a Life Course: Ferid Pasha, Governor and Grandvizier (1851-1914)”. Geschichte und Gesellschaft 40 (2014): 42-66.
  • Kırmızı, Abdulhamit. Avlonyalı Ferid Paşa: Bir Ömür Devlet. Istanbul: Klasik, 2014.
  • Köksal, Osman. “Osmanlı Devleti’nde Sıkı Yönetim ile İlgili Mevzuat Üzerine bir Deneme”. AÜ Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 12 (2001): 151-171.
  • Malešević, Siniša. “Nationalism and Imperialism as Enemies and Friends: Nation-State Formation and Imperial Projects in the Balkans.” Nations and States, Power and Civility, yay. haz. F. Duina, 149-171. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018.
  • Nuro Kujtim dhe Nezir Bato. Hasan Prishtina – permbledhje dokumentash (1908-1934). Tirane: Drejtoria e Pergjithshme e Arkivave te Shtetit, 1982.
  • Özbek, Nadir. “Policing The Countryside: Gendarmes of The Late 19th-Century Ottoman Empire (1876–1908)”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 40 (2008): 47-67.
  • Özkan, Behlül. From the Abode of Islam to the Turkish Vatan - The: The Making of a National Homeland in Turkey. New Haven: Yale University Press: 2012.
  • “Perse u zgjodhen dy alfabete, Materiale e Dokumente”, Studime Filologjike 42-4 (1988): 149–159.
  • Prifti, Kristaq. Botimi dhe perhapja ne Evrope e vepres se Pashko Vases “E verteta per Shqiperine dhe Shqipetaret”. Tiranë: Studime Historike, 2002.
  • Prishtina, Hasan Bey. Nji shkurtim kujtimesh mbi kryengritjen shqiptare të vjetit 1912. Shkodra: Shtypshkroja Franciskane, 1921.
  • Qemali [Kemal], Ismail. The Memoirs of Ismail Kemal Bey. London: Constable and Company LTB, 1921.
  • Quataert, Donald. The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Reinkowski, Maurus. “The State’s Security and the Subjects’ Prosperity: Notions of Order in Ottoman Bureaucratic Correspondence (19th Century).” Legitimizing the Order: The Ottoman Rhetoric of State Power, yay. haz. Hakan Karateke ve Maurus Reinkowski, 195-212. Leiden: Brill, 2005.
  • Rohdewald, Stefan. Götter der Nationen: Religiöse Erinnerungsfiguren in Serbien, Bulgarien und Makedonien bis 1944. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2014.
  • Saygılı, Hasip. “1903 Makedonya’sında Reformlara Tepkiler: Manastır Rus Konsolosu Aleksandır Rostkovski’nin Katli.” Karadeniz Araştırmaları 39 (2013): 69-94.
  • Saygılı, Hasip. “Rumeli Müfettişliği Döneminde (1902-1908) Makedonya’da Yunan Komitecileri ve Osmanlı Devleti”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 11-21 (2015): 147-183.
  • Sarıca, Ragip. Fransa’da ve Türkiye’de Örfi İdare Rejimi. İstanbul: Baro Mecmuası, 1941.
  • Skendi Eqber. Hoxhë Kadriu-(Kadri Prishtina). Prishtinë: Ndërmarrja Botuese Relindja, 1992.
  • Şensoy, Naci. “Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Sıkı Yönetime Müteallik Mevzuatı Üzerinde Sentetik bir Deneme”. İÜHFM 13-1 (1947): 95-114.
  • Tahsin Paşa. Sultan Abdülhamid’in Sırdaşı. Istanbul: Yakın Plan Yayınları, 2000.
  • Thomas, Bohn M. Russische Geschichtswissenschaft von 1880 bis 1905: Pavel N. Miljukov und die Moskauer Schule. Weimar: Böhlau Verlag:, 1998.
  • Tokay, Gül. “Macedonian Reforms and Muslim Opposition during the Hamidian Era: 1878-1908”. Islam and Christan Muslim Relations, Vol. 14-1 (2010): 51-65.
  • Vasa, Pashko. The Truth on Albania and the Albanians: Historical and Critical. London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 1999.
  • Vlora, Ekrem Bey. Lebenserinnerungen. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 1973.
  • Kujtim Nuro dhe Nezir Bato, Hasan Prishtina – permbledhje dokumentash (1908-1934), (Tirane: Drejtoria e Pergjithshme e Arkivave te Shtetit, 1982); http://shqiperiaebashkuar.al/?p=20556. Son Erişim Tarihi: 29 Eylül 2022
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Denis Ljuljanovic This is me 0000-0002-8979-8690

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ljuljanovic, D. (2022). Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912). Toplumsal Tarih Akademi(1), 22-39.
AMA Ljuljanovic D. Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912). TT Akademi. December 2022;(1):22-39.
Chicago Ljuljanovic, Denis. “Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi Ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912)”. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi, no. 1 (December 2022): 22-39.
EndNote Ljuljanovic D (December 1, 2022) Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912). Toplumsal Tarih Akademi 1 22–39.
IEEE D. Ljuljanovic, “Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912)”, TT Akademi, no. 1, pp. 22–39, December 2022.
ISNAD Ljuljanovic, Denis. “Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi Ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912)”. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi 1 (December 2022), 22-39.
JAMA Ljuljanovic D. Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912). TT Akademi. 2022;:22–39.
MLA Ljuljanovic, Denis. “Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi Ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912)”. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi, no. 1, 2022, pp. 22-39.
Vancouver Ljuljanovic D. Geç Osmanlı Döneminde Vlora (Avlonya) Ailesi ve Vlora Ailesinin Makedonya Meselesine Dair Görüşleri (1878-1912). TT Akademi. 2022(1):22-39.
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Greetings with Our Fifth Issue!

We are delighted to present the latest issue of Toplumsal Tarih Akademi journal. This issue marks the fifth since the journal began its journey in December 2022, but it stands out as the first to not center around a thematic dossier. It also represents our initial experience transitioning from editorial assistants to full editors of the journal. We ask for your forgiveness in advance for any shortcomings.

We extend our gratitude to our former editors, Yaşar Tolga Cora and Nurşen Gürboğa, who rapidly transformed the journal into one of the key publications of the History Foundation. We also thank the former President of the History Foundation and the journal’s former editor-in-chief, Mehmet Ö. Alkan, for his pioneering role in launching the journal. We are fully aware of the responsibility placed on our shoulders to carry the journal forward. With the support of our Editorial Board members and an expanding team of editors, we aim to fulfill this responsibility to the best of our ability.

At this point, we wish to thank our new section editors, who took on the responsibility of shaping the journal with us at the September 2024 Editorial Board meeting, marking the transition in the journal’s management. Our thanks go to Gülhan Balsoy and Cihangir Gündoğdu, who joined as book review editors, and Deniz Türker, who is now overseeing the document review section. We are immensely grateful for their energetic contributions to the process. While Nurşen Gürboğa has passed on the role of editor to us, she continues as the journal’s editor-in-chief. Her guidance and the bridges she builds with the History Foundation’s administration are invaluable to us. We also extend our gratitude to Emre Erkan, our Turkish language editor, who worked meticulously and swiftly to prepare articles for publication, and to our layout editor, Aşkın Yücel Seçkin, for her careful and prompt efforts. Our heartfelt thanks also go to our anonymous referees, the unseen heroes who guide our authors through their revisions.

Our decision to produce this issue with free-topic articles, coupled with changes in our management structure during the process, resulted in some delays. We are particularly grateful to our authors for their patience and understanding.

This issue features four research articles, three document reviews, four book reviews, and an obituary. Let us first introduce the research articles in our fifth issue. The first, authored by Nurhan Davutyan, is titled “The Ottoman Moratorium of 1875 could have been Prevented.” This study provides a fresh perspective on the developments leading to the establishment of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, which violated the fiscal sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire. Drawing on extensive resources and statistical analysis, Davutyan argues that financial measures proposed by Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha in 1867 could have averted the moratorium if implemented earlier, rather than in 1879.

The second article is a collaborative work by Murat Tülek, Jean-François Pérouse, and Funda Ferhanoğlu, titled “Jacques Pervititch before 1922.” This detailed study focuses on the early life and career of Pervititch, a pivotal figure in Istanbul’s cartographic history, before he began creating insurance maps of the city. Rich with visual materials, including one featured on our cover, the article offers valuable insights into Pervititch’s family life, professional development, and early maps.

Our third research article, “Governing the Exception, Negotiating Justice: The Law of the Mountains, Feud Settlements, and Hybrid Punishments in Shkodra,” takes us to the Albanian lands of the late Ottoman period. In this study, Ebru Aykut examines Ottoman governance strategies amidst local mountain laws and centralization efforts. By applying Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality to a series of cases, the article sheds light on fascinating historical events in Shkodra, offering a rewarding read for our audience.

The fourth article bridges natural history and historical research. Titled ““Why the Cormorant?” A 19th-Century Ottoman Intellectual's Perspective on the Lexical History of Karabatak,” Tarkan Murat Akkaya analyzes an 1899 newspaper article on the cormorant bird. This engaging piece explores the origins of bird names, contributing a unique perspective to the field of nomenclature, specifically regarding the cormorant.

Under the editorial guidance of Deniz Türker, our document review section aims to draw attention to overlooked historical documents and present creative interpretations of them. Filiz Yazıcıoğlu’s study highlights the significance of petitions as sources, examining those written by a telegraph operator, Mehmet Tevfik Bey, during the reign of Abdul Hamid II. Mertkan Karaca reviews a 1909 article by Halil Edhem Bey, brother of Osman Hamdi Bey, shedding light on the history of the Imperial Museum, now the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Aysel Yıldız examines two letters that narrate the remarkable life of a Janissary, İbrahim Ben Ali, born in Istanbul in 1756, who endured captivity in Russia and eventually emigrated to the United States.

Our book review section, edited by Gülhan Balsoy and Cihangir Gündoğdu, features analyses of recent publications focusing on various periods of Ottoman and Republican history. Ekrem Yener reviews Ümit Kurt’s Kanun ve Nizam Dairesi’nde Soykırım Teknokratı Mustafa Reşat Mimaroğlu’nun İzinde Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Devlet Mekanizması, while Melis Cankara critiques Uğur Zekeriya Peçe’s Island and Empire: How Civil War in Crete Mobilized the Ottoman World. Ayşe Hilal Uğurlu examines Ali Akyıldız’s Mabeyn-i Hümayun: Osmanlı Saray Teşkilatının Modernleşmesi, and Numan Deniz discusses Nir Shafir’s The Order and Disorder of Communication: Pamphlets and Polemics in Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Empire.

Finally, our obituary section commemorates historian, teacher, and writer Necdet Sakaoğlu, known for his work on local, urban, Seljuk, Ottoman, and educational history. Fahri Aral honors his memory with a heartfelt piece.

According to our Editorial Board's decision, the journal will now publish themed issues in June and open-call issues in December. We encourage you to follow the calls for papers announced on DergiPark and the History Foundation’s website. The deadline for submissions to our December 2025 issue is June 15, 2025, through the DergiPark system.

We value the development of social historiography and the creation of platforms for free and critical thought, especially for publishing high-quality Turkish articles. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi aims to combine the History Foundation’s long-standing tradition of critical publishing with the international standards of academic publishing. To this end, we are actively pursuing the indexing of our journal in national and international databases. Your constructive criticism and contributions are vital to us, and we eagerly await your feedback.

Enjoy reading and have a wonderful year ahead.

Editors of Toplumsal Tarih Akademi
Firuzan Melike Sümertaş & Sırrı Emrah Üçer