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MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal ve İdari Yapısı

Year 2018, , 803 - 828, 01.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.803

Abstract

Antik çağda kuzeyden Lykaonia ve Toros dağları doğudan Kilikia, batıdan ise Pamphylia ile çevrilmiş sahalar Isauria, halkı da Isaurialılar olarak adlandırılmıştır. Arazi yapısı açısından oldukça engebeli bir görünüm sergileyen bölgenin çok az bir bölümü tarımsal faaliyetler için uygun şartlara sahiptir. Bölge, bütün eskiçağ boyunca ama özellikle de Roma döneminde çok sayıda haydutluk faaliyetine sahne olmuş ve isyanlar görülmüştür. Isauria’nın tanımlanan bu durumunun en somut örneğini ise MS 4. yüzyılda görmek mümkündür. Bölge, özellikle söz konusu yüzyılın ikinci yarısında neredeyse her on yılda bir geniş çaplı haydutluk faaliyetleri ve isyanlara sahne olmuştur. Özellikle kıtlık ve açlığa bağlı olarak sık sık ayaklanmış olan Isaurialılar, hemen her defasında Kilikia ve Pamphylia kıyıları ile Lykaonia ovasına saldırmışlardır. Isauria ayaklanmalarına bir önlem olarak eyaletin yönetiminde bir takım değişikliklere gidildiği de anlaşılmaktadır. Nitekim MS 4. yüzyılda bölgede görülen haydutluk faaliyetleri ve isyanların şiddeti ile Roma’nın Isauria’da uyguladığı yönetim ve yöneticilere verilmiş olan yetkiler arasında bir ilişkinin olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Öyle ki Isauria Eyaleti’nin 4. yüzyılın birinci yarısındaki yöneticileri praeses Isauria unvanı ile sadece sivil yetkiler kullanmışlardır. Ancak aynı yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ise eyalette yaşanan olayların şiddeti ile de bağlantılı olarak askeri yetkilerle güçlendirilmiş comes veya comes et praeses unvanlarını kullandıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Aynı durum Isauria Eyaleti yöneticilerinin seçiminde de kendisini açıkça göstermektedir ki bu bağlamda MS 4. yüzyıl yöneticileri arasında Flavius isimli yöneticilerin sayıca fazlalığı dikkat çekici bir durumdur. Muhtemelen bölgedeki olaylardan kaynaklı hassas durum nedeniyle bu yöneticiler Roma yönetimine yakın olan ve geçmişte başarılı mesleki kariyere sahip insanlar arasından seçilmişlerdir. Özellikle MS 4. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında yaşanan olayların Isauria eyaletinin askeri önemini son derece artırdığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu sebeple Roma yönetimi bölgede sadece kalıcı lejyonlar konuşlandırılmakla kalmamış, Isauria’daki isyanları bastırmak ve haydutlarla etkin bir mücadele yapabilmek için Torosların stratejik noktalarına kaleler ve kuleler inşa ettirmiştir. Bölgenin tanımlanan bu durumunu en iyi özetleyen belge ise Roma’nın askeri ve idari makamlarını gösteren Notitia Dignitatum’dur. Notitia Dignitatum’da yer alan Isauria ile ilgili görseldeki iki mimari yapı büyük ihtimalle iki lejyon karargâhını tanımlarken, Toros dağlarını ayıran çizginin üst tarafındaki beş adet mimari yapı ise bölgedeki kale ve kuleleri işaret etmelidir. Bunlardan ikisi çok büyük ihtimalle Isauria isyanlarının yoğunlaştığı alanın kuzeydoğu sınırında bulunan Nunu (Antiokheia) ile Aşağı Akın kaleleri olmalı ve diğerleri de yakın çevrede aranmalıdır.

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Political and Administrative Structure of Isauria Province in the 4th Century AD

Year 2018, , 803 - 828, 01.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.803

Abstract

In ancient times, the Lycaonian and Taurus mountains from the north, Cilicia from the east, and the fields surrounded by Pamphylia from the west were called Isauria and their people called Isaurians. Very few parts of the area which is rugged in terms of land structure are suitable for agriculture. The region has been the scene of many bandits and rebellions throughout the ancient period, especially during the Roman period. It is possible to see the most concrete example of this situation of Isauria in the 4th century AD. The region has been the scene of widespread to banditry activities and revolts in the almost every decade, especially in the second half of the century. The Isaurians, who frequently rebelled due to famine and starvation, attacked to the Cilicia and Pamphylia coasts and the Lycaonia plain almost every time. It is also understood that some changes have been made to the administration of the state as a precaution against the Isauria revolts. As a matter of fact, in the 4th century AD, there is a relationship between the banditry activities in the region and the violence of revolts and the authority which given to the administration and administrators by the Rome in Isauria. In fact, the rulers of the province of Isauria in the first half of the 4th century used only civil powers with the title of praeses Isauria. However, in the second half of the same century, it is understood that they use the titles of comes or comes et praeses, reinforced with military powers, in relation with the violence of the events in the province. The same situation clearly manifests itself in the election of the rulers of the State of Isauria. In this context, the name Flavius is remarkable as name number of managers from the 4th century AD. Probably due to the sensitive situation from the events in the region, these managers were chosen among the people who were close to the Roman administration and had a successful professional career in the past. It is understood that the events in the second half of the 4th century AD increased the military significance of the State of Isauria. For this reason, the Roman government not only deployed permanent legions in the region, but also built fortresses and towers at the strategic points of the Taurus Mountains to suppress the rebellions in Isauria and to fight effectively with the outlaws. The document that best summarizes this situation of the region is Notitia Dignitatum, which shows the military and administrative authorities of Rome. The two architectural structures of Isauria in the Notitia Dignitatum are probably the two legions of the building, while the five architectural structures at the top of the line separating the Taurus Mountains must point to the castles and towers in the region. Two of them are probably Nunu (Antiokheia) and Aşağı Akın fortresses on the northeastern border of the area where Isauria rebellions are concentrated and others should be searched in the immediate vicinity.

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There are 98 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Mehmet Kurt This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Kurt, M. (2018). MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal ve İdari Yapısı. BELLETEN, 82(295), 803-828. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.803
AMA Kurt M. MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal ve İdari Yapısı. TTK BELLETEN. December 2018;82(295):803-828. doi:10.37879/belleten.2018.803
Chicago Kurt, Mehmet. “MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal Ve İdari Yapısı”. BELLETEN 82, no. 295 (December 2018): 803-28. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.803.
EndNote Kurt M (December 1, 2018) MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal ve İdari Yapısı. BELLETEN 82 295 803–828.
IEEE M. Kurt, “MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal ve İdari Yapısı”, TTK BELLETEN, vol. 82, no. 295, pp. 803–828, 2018, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2018.803.
ISNAD Kurt, Mehmet. “MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal Ve İdari Yapısı”. BELLETEN 82/295 (December 2018), 803-828. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.803.
JAMA Kurt M. MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal ve İdari Yapısı. TTK BELLETEN. 2018;82:803–828.
MLA Kurt, Mehmet. “MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal Ve İdari Yapısı”. BELLETEN, vol. 82, no. 295, 2018, pp. 803-28, doi:10.37879/belleten.2018.803.
Vancouver Kurt M. MS 4. Yüzyılda Isauria Eyaleti’nin Siyasal ve İdari Yapısı. TTK BELLETEN. 2018;82(295):803-28.