Kubilay Han’ın Hülegü Hanedanlığı’na Karşı Düzenlediği Başarısız Darbe Girişiminin Ana Karakteri: Buka Çīngsāng

Year 2017, , 373 - 386, 01.08.2017

Mustafa Uyar

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2017.373

Abstract

Çalışma, parçalanmış haldeki Moğol hanlıklarını Yuan İmparatorluğu bünyesinde birleştirerek “Yeke Mongol Ulus”u tekrar kurmak niyetinde olan Kubilay Han’ın (1260–94) düzenlediği darbe girişimini incelemektedir. Söz konusu darbe, Aḥmed Tegüder (1282–84) zamanından itibaren merkezî yönetimden ayrılma belirtileri gösteren İran Moğolları hükümdarı İlhan Argun’a (1284-91) karşı yapılmıştı. Bu başarısız darbenin ana karakteri ise Büyük Hanlık’ın sadık kumandanı Emīr Buka idi. Makale bu girişim sürecini, tarihsel arka planını ve sonuçlarını muasır kaynaklar ve günümüz çalışmaları ışığında ele almaktadır.

Keywords

Kubilay Han, Aḥmed Tegüder, İlhan Argun, Emīr Buka, İlhanlı Devleti, çing-sang

Buqa Chīngsāng: Protagonist of Qubilai Khan’s Unsuccessful Coup Attempt against the Hülegüid Dynasty

Abstract

The study examines the coup attempt orchestrated by Qubilai Khan (1260–94), who desired to re-establish the ‘Yeke Mongol Ulus’ and to unify the separated Mongol khanates under the authority of the Yuan Empire. The coup was mounted against the Ilkhan Arghun (1284–91), who was the ruler of the Mongols in Iran, who had been showing signs of separation from the central administration since the time of Aḥmad Tegüder (1282–84). The protagonist of the unsuccessful coup was Amīr Buqa, a loyal commander of the Great Khanate. The article investigates the process, historical background and the results of the attempt in the light of the contemporary sources and the modern studies.

Keywords

Qubilai Khan, Aḥmad Tegüder, Ilkhan Arghun, Amīr Buqa, Ilkhanid Empire, ching-sang

References

• A History of Georgia, Kartlis Tskhovreba, ed. Commission for the Study of Georgian Historical Sources, Tbilisi 2014.
• Abd al-Allāh Ibn Faḍl al-Allāh Sharaf al-Dīn Shīrāzī, Waṣṣāf al-Haḍrat, Tajziyat al-amṣār wa Tazjiat al-a’ṣār, Tehrān 1338.
• Allouche, A., “Teguder’s Ultimatum to Qalawun”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, XXII/4 (1990), pp. 437-446.
• Allsen, T. , “Biography of a Cultural Broker: Bolad Ch’eng-Hsiang in Chin and Iran”, The Court of the Ilkhans, 1290-1340, ed. J. Raby and T. Fitzherbert, London 1994.
• Allsen, T., Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia, Cambridge 2001.
• Amitai, R., “Sufis and Shamans: Some Remarks on the Islamization of the Mongols in the Ilkhanate”, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, XLII/1 (1999), pp. 27-46.
• Amitai, R., “The Conversion of Tegüder Ahmad to Islam”, Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, XXV (2001), pp. 15-43.
• Amitai, R., Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Īlkhānid War, 1260-1281, Cambridge 2004.
• Atwood, Ch. Pratt, Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, New York 2004.
• Aybak al-Dawādārī, Kanz al-Durar wa Jāmiʿ al-Ghurar, ed. Ulrich Haarman, Qāhira 1971.
• Biran, M., Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State in Central Asia, Surrey 1997.
• Boyle, J. A., “Dynastic and Political History of the Il-Khāns’ The Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge 1968, pp. 303-421.
• Budge, E. A. Wallis, The Chronography of Gregory Abû'l Faraj, the Son of Aaron, the Hebrew Physician, Commonly Known as Bar Hebraeus; Being the First Part of His Political History of the World, London 1932.
• Halperin, Ch. J., “The Kipchak Connection: The Ilkhans, the Mamluks and Ayn Jalut”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, LXIII/2 (2000), pp. 229- 245.
• Ḥamd al-Allāh Mustawfī Qazwīnī, Tārīh-i Guzīda, ed. ʿAbd al-Ḥusain Nawāʾī, Tahrān 1364.
• Jackson, P., “The Dissolution of the Mongol Empire”, Central Asiatic Journal, 22 (1978), pp. 186-244.
• Kanat, C., “İlhanlı Hükümdarı Teküdar’ın Müslümanlığı Kabulü ve Bunun Memlûk Devleti’ndeki Yankıları”, Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12, (2002), pp. 233- 247.
• Melville, Ch., “Pādishāh-i Islām: The Conversion of Sultān Mahmūd Ghāzān Khān”, Pembroke Papers, I (1990), pp. 159-177.
• Morgan, D., “The Decline and Fall of the Mongol Empire”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, XIX/4 (2009), pp. 427-437.
• Pfeiffer, J., “Reflections on a ‘Double Rapprochement’: Conversion to Islam among the Mongol elite during the early Ilkhanate”, Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan, ed. Linda Komaroff, Leiden 2006, pp. 369-389.
• Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍl al-Allāh Hamadānī, Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh-i Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍl al-Allāh Hamadānī, ed. Muḥammad Rūshan-Muṣṭafā Mūsawī, Tehrān 1373, II.
• Rossabi, M., Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times, Berkeley 1988.
• Spuler, B., “Būqā”, Encyclopedia Iranica (1989), IV, p. 551.
• Step'annos Orbelean's History of the State of Sisakan, trans. Robert Bedrosian, published on Internet, New Jersey 2012.
• May, T., The Mongol Conquests in World History, London 2012.
• Uyar, M., ‘İlhanlı Hükümdarlarının İslâm’a Girmesinde Rol Alan Türk Sûfileri: İlhan Tegüder ve Gazan Han Devirleri”, Belleten, LXXVI/275 (2012), pp. 7-30.