Batı Anadolu’da Çekirge Felâketi (1850-1915)

Year 2010, , 127 - 180, 01.04.2010

Ertan Gökmen

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2010.127

Abstract

İnsanoğlu, tarih boyunca hayatını tehdit eden değişik doğal afetlerle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu felaketleri, yer, atmosfer ve biyolojik kökenli olarak sınıflandırmak mümkündür. Yer kökenli olanlara deprem; atmosfer kökenli olanlara don, dolu, sel, soğuk, yıldırım, kuraklık, sis, aşırı kar; biyolojik kökenli olanlara da salgın hastalıklar ve zararlı haşerelerin sayısındaki aşırı artış örnek olarak verilebilir1 . Bu afetlerden bir kısmı sadece belirli bir coğrafya ile sınırlı kalırken bir kısmı da geniş alanlara sirayet ederek tahribata sebep olabilmektedir. Felaketlerden bazısı can, bazısı mal kaybına neden olurken, bazısı da her iki türden kayıplara yol açabilmektedir.

Keywords

Osmanlı Devleti, Batı Anadolu, Afet, Çekirge, Kıtlık, Kuraklık

The Locust Disaster In Western Anatolia (1850-­1915)

Abstract

Throughout its history, the Ottoman State from time to time encountered such natural disasters as earthquake, flood, fire and drought and so on. They created material and moral problems for administrators and ordinary people throughout the Ottomans lands. These disasters resulted in famine, lower production, loss of taxation and population decrease and migration. A locust disaster with similar effects occurred in the western parts of Anatolia in the second half of 19th and the beginning of 20th centuries. Based on Ottoman archival sources and İzmir newspapers such as Ahenk, İttihad and Anadolu, this article examines locust disasters in Western Anatolia between the years of 1850 and 1915. it explains in which sandjak and kaza and when locust disasters took place, gives information on what kind of preventive and disaster management methods were used and the personnel who took part in all this course of action. It also shows the amount of locust destructed and the reasons for failure in preventing the disaster. In addition, it demonstrates economic effects of the disaster on people and the government. Besides, in relation to the disaster, some original archival documents such as the letter of Mayor of Kula to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and that of Mayor and six notables of Alaşehir to Aydın Governorship; the circular of the governor of Aydın permitting his people to burn the locust and the action plan of İzmir's people against the disaster are presented in the article.

Keywords

Ottoman State, Western Anatolia, Disaster, Locust, Famine, Drought