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İskitlere ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler ve Psikolojik Özellikler

Year 2016, Volume: 80 Issue: 288, 639 - 662, 01.08.2016
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2016.639

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, İskitler ve Türk-Moğol halklarının çeşitli geleneklerinin araştırılması neticesinde şu aşağıdaki gibi paralellikler tespit edilmiştir: 1) İskitlerin defin gelenekleri Asya Hunları, Avrupa Hunları ve Göktürklerin defin geleneklerinin aynısıdır; 2) İskitlerin ve Asya Hunlarının arasında kan yemini törenleri açısından da paralellikler söz konusudur; 3) İskitlerdeki mağlup olmuş düşmanlarının kafataslarını içecek kabı olarak kullanma geleneğinin aynısı Asya Hunlarında da vardır. Bunun yanı sıra savaş ganimetlerinin üleştirilmesi hususunda da İskitler ve Asya Hunları arasında aynı gelenekler söz konusudur; 4) Asya Hunları, Avrupa Hunları ve İskitlerle ilgili Çince, Yunanca ve Latince yazılı kaynakların karşılaştırılması neticesinde bu halklarda savaş tanrısının ilahî kılıçla ilişkilendirilmesinin de aynılık arz ettiğini görmek mümkündür; 5) yine Kraliyet (Hükümdar, Çar) İskitleri, Asya Hunları ve Göktürklerle ilgili Çince, Yunanca ve Latince yazılı kaynakların karşılaştırılması neticesinde bu çalışma, söz konusu haklarda anti-asimilasyon psikolojisinin de aynılık arz ettiğini göstermektedir.

References

  • Aliev, I. G., “Drevneyşee çeloveçeskoe obşestvo Azerbaydjana: paleolitiçeskie ohotniki i sobirateli”, İstoriya Azerbaydjana, Elm, Baku, 1995, s. 23-38.
  • Andrews, A. Leroy, “Old Norse Notes 7: Some Observations on Mímir”, Modern Language Notes, The Johns Hopkins University Press, vol. 43, 1928, p. 166-171.
  • Boyle, J. A., “A form of horse sacrifice amongst the 13th and 14th century Mongols”, Central Asiatic Journal, vol. X/3-4, 1965, p. 145-150.
  • Cauvin, J., The birth of the Gods and the origins of agriculture, trans. Trevor Watkins. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.
  • Dally, O., “Skythische und Graeco-Skythische Bildelemente im Nördlichen Schwarzmeerraum”, Im Zeichen des Goldenen Greifen: Königs Gräber der Skythen, (ed. Menghin, W., Partzinger, H.), Prestel, Munich, 2007, ss. 291-298.
  • Durmuş, İ., “Anadoluda Kimmerler ve Iskitler”, Belleten, LXI/231, 1997, ss. 273-286.
  • Egami, Namio, “Examination of the Ching Lu Tao”, Yurashiya kodai hoppo bunka (Ancient cultures of Northern Eurasia), Tokyo, 1948, p. 133-163.
  • Ergin, M., Orhun Abideleri (İnceleme), Boğaziçi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2008, 44.baskı.
  • Gor-oglı: Turkmenskiy geroiçeskiy epos, Nauka, Moskva, 1983.
  • Hasanov, Z. H., “Suffix -t as an Indicator of Plurality in the Ethnonyms of the Royal Scythians”, Discussions in Turkology (ed. Emiroğlu Ö., Godzinska M., Majkowski F.), Department of Turkish Studies and Inner Asian Peoples, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 2014, p. 646-655.
  • _____, Gasanov Z. G. Sotsialno-kulturnıe tsennosti skifov: drevnih aşguzov/işkuzov/guzov, Türk Akademiyası, Prosper Print, Astana, 2013.
  • _____, Çar İskitler: İskitler ve Eski Oğuzların Etno-dil Özdeşleştirmesi, Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı, İstanbul, 2009.
  • _____, “İskit Etnoniminin Okunuşu”, Tarih Dergisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, 2010, Sayı 50, 2009/2, s. 1-10.
  • Herodot = Gerodot, Istoriya, (perevod G. A. Stratanovskogo), Nauka, Leningrad, 1972.
  • Hirth, F., The Ancient History of China: to the end of the Chou dynasty, Columbia University Press, New York, 1908.
  • Hodder, I., Theory and practice in archaeology, Routledge Curzon, London & New York, 1992.
  • Hulsewe, A. F. P., (trans.), China in Central Asia. The Early Stage: 125 B.C.-A.D.23. An Annotated Translation of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty, Brill, Leiden, 1979.
  • İbn Battuta, Trafels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354, (trans. H. A. R. Gibb), Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1929.
  • Jagchid, S. – V. J. Symons, Pease, War, and Trade Along the Great Wall: Nomadic-Chinese Interaction through Two Millenia, Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, 1989.
  • Kao, Chu-hsun, “The Ching Lu Shen Shrines of Han Sword Worship in Hsiung Nu Region”, Central Asiatic Journal, V/3, 1960, p. 221-232.
  • Karlgren, B., Philology and Ancient China. Aschhehoug & Co, Oslo, 1926.
  • Kniga Marko Polo, (perevod I. P. Minaeva), Gos. iz-vo geografiçeskoy literaturı, Moskva, 1955.
  • Koroğlu, Çaşıoğlu, Bakı, 2004.
  • Laufer, B., “Use of Human Skulls and Bones in Tibet”, Field Museum of Natural History, Department of Anthropology, Chicago, No. 10, 1923, p. 9-24.
  • Letopis Feofana Vizantiytsa: ot Diokletiana do tsarey Mihaila i ego sına Feofilakta, (perevod V. I. Obolenskogo, F. A. Ternovskogo), Moskva, 1884.
  • Lindow, J., Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals and Beliefs. Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.
  • Liu Hsü and others (887-946 A.D.), Chiu T’ang shu (The old history of the T’ang dynasty, 618-907) (Po-na ed.), (Çince) Reprinted in Taipei, 1967.
  • Maenchen-Helfen, O. J., The World of the Huns: Studies in their History and Culture. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles & London, 1973.
  • Malov, S. E., Pamyatniki drevnetyurkskoy pismennosti: tekstı i issledovaniya, Iz-vo AN SSSR, Moskva–Leningrad, 1951.
  • Minns, E. H., Scythians and Greeks: a Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus, Biblo and Tannen, New York, 1971.
  • Povest vremennıh let, (perevod D. S. Lihaçeva), Im Werden Verlag, Moskva–Augsburg, 2003.
  • Pristsian, “Zemleopisanie”, Antiçnıe istoçniki po istorii Azerbaydjana, (Aliev, K. G.) Elm, Baku, 1978.
  • Raşid ad-Din, Sbornik Letopisey, (Hetagurov, L. A.), t. I kn. 2. Moskva–Lenigrad: Iz-vo. AN SSSR, 1952.
  • Shiratori, Kurakichi, “On the territory of the Hsiung-nu prince Hsiu-t’u Wang and his metal statues for heaven worship”, Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Tokyo, 1930, No. 5, p. 1- 77.
  • Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian: Han Dynasty II, Burton Watson (trans.), Columbia University Press, Hong Kong & New York, 1993.
  • Tarhan, T., “İskitlerin Dini İnanç ve Adetleri”, Tarih Dergisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, Sayı 23, 1969, ss. 145-170.
  • The Gothic History of Jordanes in English version. With an introd. and comment. by Charles Mierow. Speculum Historiale, Barnes & Noble, Cambridge-New York, 1960.
  • Thordarson, F., “The Scythian funeral customs: some notes on Herodotus IV, 71-75”, A green leaf. Papers in honour of Professor Jes P. Asmussen (Acta Iranica, 28), Brill, Leiden, 1988. ss. 539-547.
  • Trippet, F., The First Horsmen, Time Life Books, New York, 1974.
  • Watson, Burton (trans.), Courtier and Commoner in Ancient China, Selections from the History of the Former Han by Pan Ku, Columbia University Press, New York & London, 1974.

Identical Traditions, Cults and the Psychology of the Scythians and Turko-Mongol Peoples

Year 2016, Volume: 80 Issue: 288, 639 - 662, 01.08.2016
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2016.639

Abstract

In this paper different traditions of the Scythians and Turkic peoples are studied. The research shows that: 1) the burial traditions of the Scythians are identical to the burial traditions of Asiatic Huns, European Huns, Turks (Göktürks) and others. 2) Scythian custom of the Blood Oath finds its exact parallels in the tradition of Asiatic Huns. 3) The Scythian tradition of using the sculls of defeated enemies as a drinking cup I also traced in the culture of Asiatic Huns. Moreover Scythians and Asiatic Huns had identical traditions of division of the plunder of war. 4) As a result of the comparison of information of Chinese, Greek and Latin written sources about Scythians, Asiatic and European Huns it was determined that these peoples had the identical cult of the god of War, who was associated, by them, with the sword of heavenly origin. 5) While comparing the information of Greek, Chinese and Turkic written sources about Royal Scythians, Asiatic Huns and Turks (Göktürks) author shows the identity of the phycology of these peoples.

References

  • Aliev, I. G., “Drevneyşee çeloveçeskoe obşestvo Azerbaydjana: paleolitiçeskie ohotniki i sobirateli”, İstoriya Azerbaydjana, Elm, Baku, 1995, s. 23-38.
  • Andrews, A. Leroy, “Old Norse Notes 7: Some Observations on Mímir”, Modern Language Notes, The Johns Hopkins University Press, vol. 43, 1928, p. 166-171.
  • Boyle, J. A., “A form of horse sacrifice amongst the 13th and 14th century Mongols”, Central Asiatic Journal, vol. X/3-4, 1965, p. 145-150.
  • Cauvin, J., The birth of the Gods and the origins of agriculture, trans. Trevor Watkins. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.
  • Dally, O., “Skythische und Graeco-Skythische Bildelemente im Nördlichen Schwarzmeerraum”, Im Zeichen des Goldenen Greifen: Königs Gräber der Skythen, (ed. Menghin, W., Partzinger, H.), Prestel, Munich, 2007, ss. 291-298.
  • Durmuş, İ., “Anadoluda Kimmerler ve Iskitler”, Belleten, LXI/231, 1997, ss. 273-286.
  • Egami, Namio, “Examination of the Ching Lu Tao”, Yurashiya kodai hoppo bunka (Ancient cultures of Northern Eurasia), Tokyo, 1948, p. 133-163.
  • Ergin, M., Orhun Abideleri (İnceleme), Boğaziçi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2008, 44.baskı.
  • Gor-oglı: Turkmenskiy geroiçeskiy epos, Nauka, Moskva, 1983.
  • Hasanov, Z. H., “Suffix -t as an Indicator of Plurality in the Ethnonyms of the Royal Scythians”, Discussions in Turkology (ed. Emiroğlu Ö., Godzinska M., Majkowski F.), Department of Turkish Studies and Inner Asian Peoples, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 2014, p. 646-655.
  • _____, Gasanov Z. G. Sotsialno-kulturnıe tsennosti skifov: drevnih aşguzov/işkuzov/guzov, Türk Akademiyası, Prosper Print, Astana, 2013.
  • _____, Çar İskitler: İskitler ve Eski Oğuzların Etno-dil Özdeşleştirmesi, Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı, İstanbul, 2009.
  • _____, “İskit Etnoniminin Okunuşu”, Tarih Dergisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, 2010, Sayı 50, 2009/2, s. 1-10.
  • Herodot = Gerodot, Istoriya, (perevod G. A. Stratanovskogo), Nauka, Leningrad, 1972.
  • Hirth, F., The Ancient History of China: to the end of the Chou dynasty, Columbia University Press, New York, 1908.
  • Hodder, I., Theory and practice in archaeology, Routledge Curzon, London & New York, 1992.
  • Hulsewe, A. F. P., (trans.), China in Central Asia. The Early Stage: 125 B.C.-A.D.23. An Annotated Translation of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty, Brill, Leiden, 1979.
  • İbn Battuta, Trafels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354, (trans. H. A. R. Gibb), Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1929.
  • Jagchid, S. – V. J. Symons, Pease, War, and Trade Along the Great Wall: Nomadic-Chinese Interaction through Two Millenia, Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, 1989.
  • Kao, Chu-hsun, “The Ching Lu Shen Shrines of Han Sword Worship in Hsiung Nu Region”, Central Asiatic Journal, V/3, 1960, p. 221-232.
  • Karlgren, B., Philology and Ancient China. Aschhehoug & Co, Oslo, 1926.
  • Kniga Marko Polo, (perevod I. P. Minaeva), Gos. iz-vo geografiçeskoy literaturı, Moskva, 1955.
  • Koroğlu, Çaşıoğlu, Bakı, 2004.
  • Laufer, B., “Use of Human Skulls and Bones in Tibet”, Field Museum of Natural History, Department of Anthropology, Chicago, No. 10, 1923, p. 9-24.
  • Letopis Feofana Vizantiytsa: ot Diokletiana do tsarey Mihaila i ego sına Feofilakta, (perevod V. I. Obolenskogo, F. A. Ternovskogo), Moskva, 1884.
  • Lindow, J., Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals and Beliefs. Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.
  • Liu Hsü and others (887-946 A.D.), Chiu T’ang shu (The old history of the T’ang dynasty, 618-907) (Po-na ed.), (Çince) Reprinted in Taipei, 1967.
  • Maenchen-Helfen, O. J., The World of the Huns: Studies in their History and Culture. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles & London, 1973.
  • Malov, S. E., Pamyatniki drevnetyurkskoy pismennosti: tekstı i issledovaniya, Iz-vo AN SSSR, Moskva–Leningrad, 1951.
  • Minns, E. H., Scythians and Greeks: a Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus, Biblo and Tannen, New York, 1971.
  • Povest vremennıh let, (perevod D. S. Lihaçeva), Im Werden Verlag, Moskva–Augsburg, 2003.
  • Pristsian, “Zemleopisanie”, Antiçnıe istoçniki po istorii Azerbaydjana, (Aliev, K. G.) Elm, Baku, 1978.
  • Raşid ad-Din, Sbornik Letopisey, (Hetagurov, L. A.), t. I kn. 2. Moskva–Lenigrad: Iz-vo. AN SSSR, 1952.
  • Shiratori, Kurakichi, “On the territory of the Hsiung-nu prince Hsiu-t’u Wang and his metal statues for heaven worship”, Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Tokyo, 1930, No. 5, p. 1- 77.
  • Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian: Han Dynasty II, Burton Watson (trans.), Columbia University Press, Hong Kong & New York, 1993.
  • Tarhan, T., “İskitlerin Dini İnanç ve Adetleri”, Tarih Dergisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, Sayı 23, 1969, ss. 145-170.
  • The Gothic History of Jordanes in English version. With an introd. and comment. by Charles Mierow. Speculum Historiale, Barnes & Noble, Cambridge-New York, 1960.
  • Thordarson, F., “The Scythian funeral customs: some notes on Herodotus IV, 71-75”, A green leaf. Papers in honour of Professor Jes P. Asmussen (Acta Iranica, 28), Brill, Leiden, 1988. ss. 539-547.
  • Trippet, F., The First Horsmen, Time Life Books, New York, 1974.
  • Watson, Burton (trans.), Courtier and Commoner in Ancient China, Selections from the History of the Former Han by Pan Ku, Columbia University Press, New York & London, 1974.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Çeviriler
Authors

Zaur Hasanov This is me

Translators

Bağdagül Musa This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 80 Issue: 288

Cite

APA Hasanov, Z. (2016). İskitlere ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler ve Psikolojik Özellikler (B. Musa, Trans.). BELLETEN, 80(288), 639-662. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2016.639
AMA Hasanov Z. İskitlere ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler ve Psikolojik Özellikler. TTK BELLETEN. August 2016;80(288):639-662. doi:10.37879/belleten.2016.639
Chicago Hasanov, Zaur. “İskitlere Ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler Ve Psikolojik Özellikler”. Translated by Bağdagül Musa. BELLETEN 80, no. 288 (August 2016): 639-62. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2016.639.
EndNote Hasanov Z (August 1, 2016) İskitlere ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler ve Psikolojik Özellikler. BELLETEN 80 288 639–662.
IEEE Z. Hasanov, “İskitlere ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler ve Psikolojik Özellikler”, TTK BELLETEN, vol. 80, no. 288, pp. 639–662, 2016, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2016.639.
ISNAD Hasanov, Zaur. “İskitlere Ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler Ve Psikolojik Özellikler”. BELLETEN. Bağdagül MusaTrans 80/288 (August 2016), 639-662. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2016.639.
JAMA Hasanov Z. İskitlere ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler ve Psikolojik Özellikler. TTK BELLETEN. 2016;80:639–662.
MLA Hasanov, Zaur. “İskitlere Ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler Ve Psikolojik Özellikler”. BELLETEN, translated by Bağdagül Musa, vol. 80, no. 288, 2016, pp. 639-62, doi:10.37879/belleten.2016.639.
Vancouver Hasanov Z. İskitlere ve Türk-Moğol Halklarına Ait Aynı Gelenekler, Kültler ve Psikolojik Özellikler. TTK BELLETEN. 2016;80(288):639-62.