Yahudi Bilgin Saadya Gaon’un (ö.942) Eserlerinde İslamî Unsurlar

Year 2016, Volume: 80 Issue: 287, 23 - 40, 01.04.2016

Yasin Meral

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2016.23

Abstract

İslam dünyasında Sa‘id bin Yusuf el-Feyyumî olarak bilinen Saadya, Arapça eserler kaleme alan ilk Yahudi bilgindir. Saadya, Yahudi dininin Arap dili kullanılarak aktarılmasında kendisinden sonraki Yahudi bilginlerine de öncülük etmiştir. Hayatının tamamını Arap-İslam medeniyeti içerisinde geçiren Saadya, eserlerinde yoğun İslamî terim ve ifadeler kullanmıştır. Bu kullanımlar, Yahudiliğin Arapça ifade edilmesinde daha sonraki Yahudi bilginler tarafından standart hale gelmiştir. Kullanılan bu terimlerin ne kadarının Arap dilinin, ne kadarının İslam kültürünün etkisiyle olduğu tartışma konusudur. Bu durum her bir kavram ve tabire göre farklılık arz etmektedir. Bu makalede SaadyaGaon’un eserlerindeki İslamî kavram ve ifadeler ele alınıp bağlamlarına göre değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords

Saadya Gaon, Nesh, İslam, Kur’an, Judeo-Arabic, Tevrat, Arapça

Islamic Elements in the Writings of the Jewısh Scholar Suadia Gaon (d.942)

Abstract

Saadia, known as Sa‘id bin Yusuf el-Fayyumî in Islamic world, plays an important role in Jewish tradition. He is the first scholar who wrote in Arabic among Jewish scholars. Saadia pioneered later Jewish scholars in transmitting Judaism via Arabic language. Having passed his entire life in Islamic civilization, Saadia used Islamic terms and expressions extensively. These uses have later become standart use of many Jewish scholars expressing Judaism in Arabic. To what extend these uses are Islamic or Arabic (linguistic) is discutable. The case can be different from one term to another. In this article, we examine each Islamic terms in Saadia’s writings and evaluate them in their contexts.

Keywords

Saadia Gaon, Naskh, Islam, Qur’an, Judeo-Arabic, Torah, Arabic

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