Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Dağlık Bölgelerdeki Yüksek Kalelerin Konum ve İnşasının Özel Karakteri: 1. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Rus Altaylarındaki Yerleşim Yerleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Year 2015, Volume: 79 Issue: 284, 1 - 14, 01.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2015.1

Abstract

Bu makale, M.S. 1. Yüzyılın ilk yarısında Altay'da tahkim edilen yerleşim yapıları üzerine yürütülen bir araştırmanın sonuçlarını sunmaktadır. Buna göre, ilgili dönemdeki yerleşim, bölgenin kuzey kesiminde yoğunlaşmıştır. Toplamda yedi adet tahkim edilmiş yerleşim yapısı mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu yapıların topografik konumları ve bu konumlara dair açılar tanımlanmaktadır. İki mevkide, tahkimatın parçası olarak sınırlı ölçüde hafriyat yapılmıştır. Bunların ikisinde de iki sıra sur; ve kil, toprak, odun ve çamur kalıpları ile inşa edilen derin kuyulu hendeklerin varlığı belirlenmiştir. Bu tahkimatlar, yapılışlarında geleneksel inşa yöntemlerinin kullanıldığını gösteren ortak karakteristik özellikler taşımaktadır. Bir alandaki kuyu hafriyatı, koyun gömme ritüelini yansıtmaktadır. Diğer yerleşim alanları, gözlem çukuru araçlarıyla incelenmiştir. Tüm yerleşim alanlarında, çanak çömlek parçalarıyla birlikte hayvan kemiklerine ve kemik dokularına rastlanmıştır. Toplam kanıtlar göstermektedir ki, bu tahkimatların -hepsi olmasa bile- büyük çoğunluğu kısa bir süre içinde ve askerî-politik durum gözetilerek yapılmıştır.

References

  • Abdulganeev, Mikhail, "K jetnokurturnoj situacii v severnyh predgorjah Altaja v seredine I tys. do nje. — seredine I tys. nje.", Problem) izuchOja istorii i kurtu , Altaja i sopredernyh territonj, Gorno-Altaisk 1992, pp. 59-63.
  • "Drevnejshie gorodishha sevemyh predgorij Altaja", Izvestga laboratoıii arheologii, Gorno-Altaisk 1997a, pp. 53-61.
  • Borodovsky, Andrei, "Mikrorajon arheologicheskih pamjatnikov u s. Manzherok Majminskogo rajona Respublild Altaj", Drevnosti Altaja, Gorno-Altaisk 2002, iss. 9, pp. 42-52.
  • "Prodolzhenie arheologicheskogo obsledovanija pravoberezh'ja gomoj doliny Nizhnej Katuni", Sohranenie i izuchenie kul'tumogo nasledga Altaja, Vypusk XVI, Bamaul 2007, pp. 183-189.
  • Kireev, Sergei, "Poselenie Cheremshanka", Ohrana i issledovanie arheologicheskih pamjatnikov Altaja, Barnaul 1991, pp. 84-88.
  • "Novoe obsledovanie gorodishha Cheremshanka", Altaj i 6urko-mongol'sk mir, Gorno-Altaisk 1995, pp. 135-139.
  • Khudyakov, Yuri, "Drevnie i srednevekovye fortifikacionnye sooruzhenija v Juzhnoj Sibiri i CentraPnoj Azii", Voennoe delo i srednevekovaja arheologıja Central'noj Azii, Kemerovo 1995, pp. 62-73.
  • Kyzlasov, Igor, "K ujasneniju samobytnosti gunnskogo obshhestva: istoricheskie i arheologicheskie osobennosti", Aziatsko-tihookeanskij region: Arheologga, jetnografija, istonja, Vladivostok 2008, pp. 39-71.
  • Marinin, Alexander & Samoilova, Galina, Fizicheskaja geografija Gomogo Altaja, Barnaul 1987.
  • Mogilnikov, Vladimir, "Hunnu Zabajkalja", Stepnaja polosa aziatskııj chasti v skgbsarmatskoe vremja, Moskow 1992, pp. 254-273.
  • Onishchenko, Sergei, "Prilozhenie 6", Vasilii Soyonov, Synaru Trifanova, Nikita Konstantinov, Evginiya Shtanakova & Denis Soyonov, Cheposhskie gorodishha, Gorno-Altaisk 2011, pp. 89-102.
  • Orlova, Lyubov, "Prilozhenie 1", Vasilü Soyonov, Synaru Trifanova, Nikita Konstantinov, Evginiya Shtanakova & Denis Soyonov, Cheposhskie gorodishha, Gorno-Altaisk 2011, pp. 74-76.
  • Shamshin, Alexander, & Singayevsky, Andrei, "JetnokuPturnaja situacija na territorii Barnaul'skogo Priob'ja v konce III v. do nje. — I v. nje.", Izuchenie istorikokuPturnogo nasledija narodov juzhnoj Sibiri, Gorno-Altaisk 2007, pp. 51-79.
  • Shirin, Yuri, Verhnee Priob'e i predgorja Kuzneckogo Alatau v nachale I 0,sjacheletija nje. ıogrebarnye pamjatnikifominskoj kurtu9)), Novokuznetsk 2003.
  • Shulga, Peter, Tishicin, Alexei & Soyonov, Vasilii, "Gorodishha Nizhnij Cheposh-3 i 4", Izvestzja Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Senja istonja i politologıja, 2010, Iss. 4/2 (68/2), pp. 249-253.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, Arheologicheskie pamjatniki Gornogo Altaja gunno-sarmatskoj jepohi (opisanie, sistematika, analiz), Gorno-Altaisk 2003.
  • "Polevye arheologicheskie issledovanija Nauchnoissledovatel'skoj laboratorii po izucheniju drevnostej Sibiri i Central'noj Azii", Drevnosti Sibiri i Central'noj Azii, Gorno-Altaisk 2010a, Iss. 3(15), pp. 3-6.
  • "Polevye kamennye fortifikacionnye sooruzhenija Gornogo Altaja", Izvestija Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2010b, Iss. 4/1(68), pp. 233-234.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, & Trifanova, Synaru, Poleıye kamennye fortifikacionnye sooruzhenija Altaja, Gorno-Altaisk. 2010.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, & Konstantinov, Nikita, "Hronologicheskaja i kul'turnaja prinadlezhnost' Manzherokskogo gorodishha (Severnyj Altaj)", Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheslcie i juridicheskie nauki, kuPturologıja i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, 2011, Iss. 6 (12), pp. 183-190.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, Trifanova, Synaru, Konstantinov, Nikita, Shtanakova, Evgeniya &
  • Soenov, Denis, Cheposhskie gorodishha, Gorno-Altaisk2011a.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, Konstantinov, Nikita & Soenov, Denis "Osobennosti topograficheskogo razmeshhenija i hronologija gorodishh Altaja i severnyh predgorij", Terra Scithica, Novosibirsk 2011b, pp. 252-260. Soenov, Vasilii, Konstantinov, Nikita, Soenov, Denis, Trifanova Synary & Bakiyanov, Andrei "Emurlinskoe gorodishhe na Altae", Drevnosti Sibiri i Central'noj Azü, Gorno-Altaisk 2013, Iss. 5(17), pp. 83-102.
  • Troitskaya, Tatyana, Kulajskaja kul'tura v Novosibirskom Priob'e, Novosibirsk 1979.
  • Troitskaya, Tatyana, & Novikov, Andrei, Arheologıja Zapadno-Sibirskoj ravniı9,, Novosibirsk 2004.

Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai

Year 2015, Volume: 79 Issue: 284, 1 - 14, 01.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2015.1

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study of fortified settlements of the first half of the 1st millennium AD in Altai. It established that all the settlements of this period are located in the northern part of the region. In total there are seven fortified settlements. The article describes their topographical location and aspects of their location. At two of the sites limited excavations were made of part of the fortifications. At both of these the work established the existence of two rows of ramparts and ditches associated with deeper shafts constructed using clay, earth and wood, and a clay matrix. The fortifications share characteristics indicating that local building traditions were followed in their construction. At one site the excavation of a shaft revealed the ritual burial of a sheep. The other settlements were examined by means of test pits. Sherds of pottery were found at all the settlements, along with fragments of animal bones and bone artifacts. The cumulative evidence suggests that most if not all of these fortifications were built in a short period of time in a tense military and political situation.

References

  • Abdulganeev, Mikhail, "K jetnokurturnoj situacii v severnyh predgorjah Altaja v seredine I tys. do nje. — seredine I tys. nje.", Problem) izuchOja istorii i kurtu , Altaja i sopredernyh territonj, Gorno-Altaisk 1992, pp. 59-63.
  • "Drevnejshie gorodishha sevemyh predgorij Altaja", Izvestga laboratoıii arheologii, Gorno-Altaisk 1997a, pp. 53-61.
  • Borodovsky, Andrei, "Mikrorajon arheologicheskih pamjatnikov u s. Manzherok Majminskogo rajona Respublild Altaj", Drevnosti Altaja, Gorno-Altaisk 2002, iss. 9, pp. 42-52.
  • "Prodolzhenie arheologicheskogo obsledovanija pravoberezh'ja gomoj doliny Nizhnej Katuni", Sohranenie i izuchenie kul'tumogo nasledga Altaja, Vypusk XVI, Bamaul 2007, pp. 183-189.
  • Kireev, Sergei, "Poselenie Cheremshanka", Ohrana i issledovanie arheologicheskih pamjatnikov Altaja, Barnaul 1991, pp. 84-88.
  • "Novoe obsledovanie gorodishha Cheremshanka", Altaj i 6urko-mongol'sk mir, Gorno-Altaisk 1995, pp. 135-139.
  • Khudyakov, Yuri, "Drevnie i srednevekovye fortifikacionnye sooruzhenija v Juzhnoj Sibiri i CentraPnoj Azii", Voennoe delo i srednevekovaja arheologıja Central'noj Azii, Kemerovo 1995, pp. 62-73.
  • Kyzlasov, Igor, "K ujasneniju samobytnosti gunnskogo obshhestva: istoricheskie i arheologicheskie osobennosti", Aziatsko-tihookeanskij region: Arheologga, jetnografija, istonja, Vladivostok 2008, pp. 39-71.
  • Marinin, Alexander & Samoilova, Galina, Fizicheskaja geografija Gomogo Altaja, Barnaul 1987.
  • Mogilnikov, Vladimir, "Hunnu Zabajkalja", Stepnaja polosa aziatskııj chasti v skgbsarmatskoe vremja, Moskow 1992, pp. 254-273.
  • Onishchenko, Sergei, "Prilozhenie 6", Vasilii Soyonov, Synaru Trifanova, Nikita Konstantinov, Evginiya Shtanakova & Denis Soyonov, Cheposhskie gorodishha, Gorno-Altaisk 2011, pp. 89-102.
  • Orlova, Lyubov, "Prilozhenie 1", Vasilü Soyonov, Synaru Trifanova, Nikita Konstantinov, Evginiya Shtanakova & Denis Soyonov, Cheposhskie gorodishha, Gorno-Altaisk 2011, pp. 74-76.
  • Shamshin, Alexander, & Singayevsky, Andrei, "JetnokuPturnaja situacija na territorii Barnaul'skogo Priob'ja v konce III v. do nje. — I v. nje.", Izuchenie istorikokuPturnogo nasledija narodov juzhnoj Sibiri, Gorno-Altaisk 2007, pp. 51-79.
  • Shirin, Yuri, Verhnee Priob'e i predgorja Kuzneckogo Alatau v nachale I 0,sjacheletija nje. ıogrebarnye pamjatnikifominskoj kurtu9)), Novokuznetsk 2003.
  • Shulga, Peter, Tishicin, Alexei & Soyonov, Vasilii, "Gorodishha Nizhnij Cheposh-3 i 4", Izvestzja Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Senja istonja i politologıja, 2010, Iss. 4/2 (68/2), pp. 249-253.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, Arheologicheskie pamjatniki Gornogo Altaja gunno-sarmatskoj jepohi (opisanie, sistematika, analiz), Gorno-Altaisk 2003.
  • "Polevye arheologicheskie issledovanija Nauchnoissledovatel'skoj laboratorii po izucheniju drevnostej Sibiri i Central'noj Azii", Drevnosti Sibiri i Central'noj Azii, Gorno-Altaisk 2010a, Iss. 3(15), pp. 3-6.
  • "Polevye kamennye fortifikacionnye sooruzhenija Gornogo Altaja", Izvestija Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2010b, Iss. 4/1(68), pp. 233-234.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, & Trifanova, Synaru, Poleıye kamennye fortifikacionnye sooruzhenija Altaja, Gorno-Altaisk. 2010.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, & Konstantinov, Nikita, "Hronologicheskaja i kul'turnaja prinadlezhnost' Manzherokskogo gorodishha (Severnyj Altaj)", Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheslcie i juridicheskie nauki, kuPturologıja i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, 2011, Iss. 6 (12), pp. 183-190.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, Trifanova, Synaru, Konstantinov, Nikita, Shtanakova, Evgeniya &
  • Soenov, Denis, Cheposhskie gorodishha, Gorno-Altaisk2011a.
  • Soenov, Vasilii, Konstantinov, Nikita & Soenov, Denis "Osobennosti topograficheskogo razmeshhenija i hronologija gorodishh Altaja i severnyh predgorij", Terra Scithica, Novosibirsk 2011b, pp. 252-260. Soenov, Vasilii, Konstantinov, Nikita, Soenov, Denis, Trifanova Synary & Bakiyanov, Andrei "Emurlinskoe gorodishhe na Altae", Drevnosti Sibiri i Central'noj Azü, Gorno-Altaisk 2013, Iss. 5(17), pp. 83-102.
  • Troitskaya, Tatyana, Kulajskaja kul'tura v Novosibirskom Priob'e, Novosibirsk 1979.
  • Troitskaya, Tatyana, & Novikov, Andrei, Arheologıja Zapadno-Sibirskoj ravniı9,, Novosibirsk 2004.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Archaeology
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Vasilii Soenov This is me

Nikita Konstantınov This is me

Synaru Trıfanova This is me

Denis Soenov This is me

Evgeniya Konstantınova This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 79 Issue: 284

Cite

APA Soenov, V., Konstantınov, N., Trıfanova, S., Soenov, D., et al. (2015). Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai. BELLETEN, 79(284), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2015.1
AMA Soenov V, Konstantınov N, Trıfanova S, Soenov D, Konstantınova E. Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai. TTK BELLETEN. April 2015;79(284):1-14. doi:10.37879/belleten.2015.1
Chicago Soenov, Vasilii, Nikita Konstantınov, Synaru Trıfanova, Denis Soenov, and Evgeniya Konstantınova. “Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai”. BELLETEN 79, no. 284 (April 2015): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2015.1.
EndNote Soenov V, Konstantınov N, Trıfanova S, Soenov D, Konstantınova E (April 1, 2015) Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai. BELLETEN 79 284 1–14.
IEEE V. Soenov, N. Konstantınov, S. Trıfanova, D. Soenov, and E. Konstantınova, “Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai”, TTK BELLETEN, vol. 79, no. 284, pp. 1–14, 2015, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2015.1.
ISNAD Soenov, Vasilii et al. “Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai”. BELLETEN 79/284 (April 2015), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2015.1.
JAMA Soenov V, Konstantınov N, Trıfanova S, Soenov D, Konstantınova E. Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai. TTK BELLETEN. 2015;79:1–14.
MLA Soenov, Vasilii et al. “Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai”. BELLETEN, vol. 79, no. 284, 2015, pp. 1-14, doi:10.37879/belleten.2015.1.
Vancouver Soenov V, Konstantınov N, Trıfanova S, Soenov D, Konstantınova E. Specific Character of Localization and Construction of Hill Forts in Mountainous Areas: A Study of Sites of the First Half of the 1st Millennium AD in the Russian Altai. TTK BELLETEN. 2015;79(284):1-14.