Mîrzâ Tâki Hân (Emîr Kebîr) ve Reformları (1848 - 1851)

Year 2013, Volume: 77 Issue: 278, 151 - 182, 01.04.2013

Gökhan Bolat

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2013.151

Abstract

19. yüzyıldaki İran modernleşme hareketlerinin en önemli siması olan Mirza Tâki Han ya da yaygın olarak bilinen adıyla Emir Kebir, yaklaşık üç yıl süren sadrazamlığı boyunca Osmanlı Devleti'ndeki II. Mahmut ve Tanzimat reformlarına benzer şekilde İran'da geniş bir alanda yenilik hareketlerini başlatmış ve bu kısa sürede yaptıklarıyla İran modernleşmesinde etkisi günümüze kadar süren derin izler bırakmıştır. Orta halli bir ailenin çocuğu olarak dünyaya gelen Mirza Tâki Han, elde ettiği başarılarla kısa sürede önemli görevlere gelmiş ve sırasıyla askerî kâtip, büyükelçi, Vezir-i Nizam (Azerbaycan Ordusu Komutanı), Emir-i Nizam (Genel Kurmay Başkanı) ve Şahs-ı Evvel-i İran (Sadrazam) olarak görev yapmıştır. Ayrıca Atabeg ünvanıyla daha sonra tahta çıkacak olan Nasıreddin Mirza'nın hocalığı gibi önemli bir görevi de üstlenmiştir. Sadrazamlığı sırasında elde ettiği güç ve yaptığı yenilikler siyasi rakiplerini, hanedan üyelerini ve İngiltere ve Rusya gibi yabancı devletleri korkutmuş ve bu korku onların Emir Kebir'e karşı ittifak yapmalarına neden olmuştur. Bu ittifak onun önce görevden uzaklaştırılması ve kısa bir süre sonra da öldürülmesine neden olmuştur.

Keywords

İran, Kaçar Hanedanı, Emir Kebir, Reform Hareketleri

Mîrza Tâki Khan (Amîr Kabîr) And His Reforms (1848-1851)

Abstract

Mirza Taki Khan or commonly known as Amir Kabir the most important person in Iran's modernization movements in 19th century. During his Grand Vizier which lasted nearly three years, initiated a broadrange of innovative movements in Iran and left deeptraces in the modernization of Iran, which lasted to the present. Although he was born in to a middle-class familly, due to his success he got important tasks. He respectively served as military secretary, delegate, ambassador, Azerbaijani Army Commander (Vazir-e Nezam), Chief of General Staff ( Amir-e Nezam) and Gran Vizier. In addition with the title of Atabeg he served as mentor of Nasıreddin Mirza then became Shah of Iran. The power and success he got during the Grand Vizier frightened his opponents, foreign states such as Britain and Russia and Shah's family. This fear ultimately made their alliance against to him and has initiated primarily the process leading to away from office and after a short time the killing.

Keywords

Iran, Qajar Dynasty, Amir Kabir, Modernization Movements

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