Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia

E. Deniz Oğuz Kırca

doi:10.37879/belleten.2022.427

Research Article

Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia

Year 2022, Volume: 86 Issue: 306, 427 - 468, 11.08.2022

E. Deniz Oğuz Kırca

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, Karyalı Bozburun Yarımadası’nın kuzey ve güneyinde (Bybassos ve Phoinix) karşımıza çıkan; iki farklı isim gibi görünmekle birlikte benzer işleve sahip Hemithea ve Eileithyia’nın bağlantısını, tanrıçalarla doğrudan ilişkili olan yazıt külliyatı (adak yazıtları), antik metinler, mitsel kurgular ve kısmen tarihsel coğrafyaya dayalı etimolojik olasılıklar ışığında sorgulamaktadır. Özellikle antik Akdeniz’de farklı lakaplar alan yeryüzü tanrıçalarıyla bağlantılı yerleşkelerin etimolojik ve topografik bağlamda irdelenen kökenleri göstermektedir ki Anadolu coğrafyasına yayılmış uzak hafızalar, gittikleri yerlerde ortak bazı kodların yansıması olmalıdır. Hatta farklı coğrafyalara ait olmalarına rağmen kutsiyet atfedilmiş olan sosyal buluşma/pazar işlevli ve “dişil” kimlikli kentçikler (Hemithea ile özdeş Kastabos ve Hemite yakınlarındaki Kastabala), böylesi bir hafızanın temsilcileri addedilebildiği gibi Anadolu’nun eski halklarının görünmeyen bağlarına (Geç Bronz Çağı’ndan itibaren) işaret ediyor dahi olabilir. Bozburun Yarımadası, Kilikya gibi görece uzak bölgelerdeki etnobotanik bulguların desteklediği bitkisel uygulamalardan anlaşıldığı gibi, tıbbi değeri yüksek flora zenginliğine bağlı olarak kendi çapında sağaltım ve sağlık alternatifleri sunan bir bölge olmalıydı. Sağlıkla ilişkisi kuzey ve güney sektörleriyle kısıtlı olmayıp orta alandaki Syrna ve Hydas gibi diğer tüm demoslarda çözümlerin sunulduğu bir bütün olarak ele alınmalıdır. Göründüğü kadarıyla kadın ve çocuk sağlığı, üreme, düşük, vb. konularda veya rahat bir doğum gerçekleştirmek isteyenler için yerel çözümler sunan belli başlı merkezlere sahipti. Bu merkezlerde özel reçeteler kullanılıyor, sedatif preparatlarla uygulanan enkoimesis, psikoterapi, bir trans ilah olan Artemis’in farklı tezahürleri Hemithea ve Eileithyia, hatta Apollon adına yapılan şifalı büyü gibi uygulamalar gerçekleştiriliyor olmalıydı. Bu kapsamda, erken dönemlerde karşımıza çıkan Hemithea, zamanla ismini, işlevini ve şöhretini Eileithyia’ya devretmiş olabilir.

Keywords

Bozburun, Sağlık, Kadın, Hemithea, Eileithyia, Enkoimesis, Şifalı Bitkiler, Psikoterapi

References

Aeschylus, Suppliant Women, çev. H. W. Smyth, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1926.
Callimachus, Hymns 1-3, çev. A.W. Mair, Loeb series, William Heinemann, London 1921.
Claudius Aelianus, De Natura Animalium (On the Characteristics of Animals), çev. A. F. Scolfield, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1959.
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Library of History, Cilt II, Kitap 2.35-4.58, çev. C. H. Oldfather, Loeb Classical Library 303, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1935.
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Library of History, Cilt III, Kitap 4.59-8, çev. C. H. Oldfather, Loeb Classical Library 340, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1939.
Euripides, The Complete Greek Drama (2 Cilt), çev. W. J. Oates and E. O’Neill, Iphigenia in Tauris, çev. R. Potter, Random House, New York 1938.
Eusebius of Caesarea, Praeparatio Evangelica (Preparation for the Gospel) (Libri 4), çev. E. H. Gifford 1903.
G. Plinius Secundus Maior (Yaşlı Plinius), Naturalis Historia (Natural History), Cilt. I-X; Kitap 1-37, çev. by Rackham, H., Jones, W. H. S. and Eichholz, D. E., Harvard University Press, London 1949-1954.
Herodotus, Historiai, Herodot Tarihi, çev. M. Ökmen, Türkiye İş Bankası, İstanbul 2002.
Hesiodos, Erga kai hemerai, Theogonia. İşler ve Günler, Tanrıların Doğuşu, çev. F. Akderin, (2. basım), İstanbul 2014.
Homeros, İliad. İlyada, çev. A. Erhat - A. Kadir, (23. basım), İstanbul 2007.
Homeros, Odysseia, çev. A. Erhat - A. Kadir, (19. basım), İstanbul 2007.
Lucius Apuleius, The Golden Ass, Being the Metamorphoses of Lucius Apuleius, çev. S. Gaselee, William Heinemann, London; G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York 1915.
Niccolò Machiavelli, La Mandragola, ed. Pasquale Stoppelli, Mondadori, Milano 2016.
Nonnus, Dionysiaca (Cilt.III, Kitap 36-48), çev. W. H. D. Rouse, Loeb Classical Library 356, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1940.
Pausanias, Hellados Periegesis. Pausanias Description of Greece (4 cilt), çev. W.H.S. Jones, D. Litt and H.A. Ormerod, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; William Heinemann Ltd., London 1918.
Pedanius Dioscorides, De Materia Medica, 1 Cilt, 5 Kitap, çev. T. A. Osbaldeston, 1. basım, IBIDIS Press, Johannesburg 2000.
Pedanius Dioscorides, De Materia Medica, çev. L. Beck, Hildesheim, OlmsWeidmann 2005.
Publius Aelius Aristides, Orationes, ed. W. Dindorf, Aristides (Cilt 2), G. Reimer 1829.
Stephan von Byzanz (Stephanus Byzantinus), Ethnika (Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum Quae Supersunt Ex Recensione Augusti Meineke), Akademische Druck- U. Verlagsanstalt (Unverändenter Abdruck der 1849 in Verlag G. Reimer in Berlin erschienenen Ausgabe), Graz 1958.
Strabon, Geographika. Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası (Kitap 12-14), çev. A. Pekman, İstanbul 2005.
Theophrastus, Historia Plantarum (Enquiry into Plants), Cilt II: Kitap 6-9, On Odours, Weather Signs, çev. A.F. Hort, Loeb Classical Library 79, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1916.
Albayrak, Yusuf, Anadolu’da Artemis Kültü. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ensitüsü, Yayımlanmamış, Doktora tezi, Ankara 2008.
Albayrak, Yusuf, “Anadolu’da Artemis’in Sıfatları (Epithetons of Artemis in Anatolia)”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12/48 (2018), s. 1-15.
Askitopoulou, Helen, “Sleep and Dreams: From Myth to Medicine in Ancient Greece”, Journal of Anesthesia History 1/3 (2015), s. 70-75.
Baur, Paul V. C., Eileithyia, ed. F. Thilly, The University of Missouri Studies I no. 4, Chicago 1902.
Bean, George. E., Eskiçağ’da Menderes’in Ötesi (Turkey Beyond the Meander), çev. P. Kurtoğlu, Arion, İstanbul 2000.
Bean, George. E. ve Cook, John M., “The Carian Coast III”, The Annual of the British School at Athens 52 (1957), s. 58-147.
Birch, Samuel, History of Ancient Pottery, Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, John Murray, London 1873.
Błaśkiewicz, Monika, “Healing Dreams at Epidaurus. Analysis and Interpretation of the Epidaurian Iamata”, Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica 15/4 (2014), s. 54-69.
Bonfante, Larissa, Etruscan Dresses, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London 2003.
Bresson, Alain, Recueil des Inscriptions de la Pérée Rhodiene (Pérée Intégrée), Les Belles Lettres, Paris 1991.
Bruns-Özgan, Christine, Knidos Antik Kent Rehberi. Knidos’u Araştırma ve Geliştirme Derneği, Konya 2002.
Bryce, Trevor R., “The Arrival of the Goddess Leto in Lycia”, Historia: Zeitschrift für alte Geschichte 321 (1983), s. 1-13.
Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion (Griechische Religion der Archaischen und Klassischen Epoche), çev. John Raffan, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press 1985.
Büyüközer, Aytekin, “The Sanctuary of Hekate at Lagina in the 4th Century B.C (M.Ö 4. yy’da Lagina Hekate Kutsal Alanı)”, Arkhaia Anatolika 1 (2018), s. 15- 30. doi: 10.32949/Arkhaia.2018.1
Chaviaras, Michael ve Chaviaras, Niketas, -----, Archaiologike Ephemeris (AE) °69 (1911), s. 68.
Chaviaras, Michael ve Chaviaras, Niketas, -----, Archaiologike Ephemeris (AE) °89, 94 (1913), 101 (s. 4-5).
Cole, Susan G., Theoi Megaloi: The Cult of the Great Gods at Samothrace, E. J. Brill, Leiden 1984.
Connelly, John B., Portrait of a Priestress: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford 2007.
Cook, Arthur B., Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion (Vol. II, Part I), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1925.
Cook John M. - Plommer, William H., The Sanctuary of Hemithea at Kastabos, Cambridge University Press, London 1966.
Çevik, Nevzat - Bulut, Süleyman, “Myra ve Limanı Andriake”, Aktüel Arkeoloji 20 (2011), s. 50-66.
Demirciler, Volkan - Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Fighters and Winners of the Peraia (Bozburun Peninsula)”, T.B. Schou (ed.), Anatolia: Past, Present and Future Perspectives, Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York 2020, s. 1-20, Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York.
Doğan, Umut, “Spil (Manisa) Dağı’nın Kuzey Yüzündeki Bir Grup Kaya Anıtı”, Türk Arkeoloji ve Etnoğrafya Dergisi 7 (2007), s. 69-78.
Dupont-Sommer, André - Robert, Louis, La Dèesse de Hièrapolis Castabala (Cilicie), A. Maissonneuve, Paris 1964.
Dürrbach, Felix - Radet Georges A, “Inscriptions de la Péréé Rhodienne”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 10 (1886), s. 245-269.
Erhat, Azra, Mitoloji Sözlüğü, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul 2017.
Edelstein, Emma - Edelstein, Ludwig, Asclepius: A Collection and Interpretation of the Testimonies, John Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1945.
Fraser Peter M. - Bean, George E., The Rhodian Peraea and Islands, Oxford University Press, London 1954.
Girginer, Serdar - Oyman Girginer, Ö. - Akıl, Hayriye, “Tatarlı Höyük (Ceyhan) Kazısı: İlk İki Dönem”, KST 31/3 (2010), s. 453-477.
Girginer, Serdar - Uygur, Haluk, Toros ve Amanosların Gölgesinde Kültürlerin Buluştuğu Nokta Kilikya, Homer Yayınları, İstanbul 2014.
Goetze, Albrecht - Sturtevant, Edgar, H., The Hittite Ritual of Tunnawi, American Oriental Series 14, American Oriental Society, New Haven 1938.
Grossman, Werner - Schmidraml, Hanns, “An Extract of Petasites Hybridus is Effective in the Prophylaxis of Migraine”, Alternative Medicine Review: A Journal of Clinical Therapeutic (Altern Med Rev) 6/3 (2001), s. 303-310.
Gün, Merve - Aytaç, Selim, “Güzel Avrat Otu (Atropa belladonna L.) Genel Özellikleri”, International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 2/2 (2019), s. 50-57.
Gyllenbok, Jan, Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures, (Vol. 1) Birkhäuser, Cham 2018.
Hamilton, Mary, Incubation Or the Cure of Disease in Pagan Temples and Christian Churches, W.C. Henderson and Son, St. Andrews; Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., London 1906.
Head, Barclay V., Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics, Spink & Son Ltd., London 1963.
Head, Barclay V., Guide to the Principal Gold and Silver Coins of the Ancients: From Circa B.C.700 to A.D.1, Argonaout, Chicago 1968.
Held, Winfried, “Die Heiligtümer und Kulte von Loryma”, ed. R.van Bremen ve J-M. Carbon, Hellenistic Karia (Proceedings of the First International Conference on Hellenistic Karia, Oxford, 29 June- 2 July 2006) Diffusion de Boccard, Paris 2010, s. 354- 377.
Held, Winfried, Influence from the Dodekanese in Karian sanctuaries in the Hellenistic period, Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens, January 24-26, 2018.
Held, Winfried ve Wilkening-Aumann, Christine, “Vom karischen Bund zur griechischen Polis. Archäologischer Survey in Bybassos und Kastabosauf der Karischen Chersones”, A. Matthaei ve M. Zimmermann (ed..), Urbane Strukturen und Bürgerliche Identitätim Hellenismus: Die Hellenistische Polis als Lebensform (Band 5), Heidelberg: Verlag Antike e.K. 2015, s. 74-98.
Hellenkemper, Hansgerd, Burgen der Kreuzritterzeit in der Grafschaft Edessa und im Konigreich Kleinarmenien, Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1976.
Helly, Bruno, Gonnoi II: Les Inscriptions, Hakkert, Amsterdam 1973.
Hicks, Edward L., “Inscriptions from Casarea, Lydae, Patara and Myra”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 10 (1889), s. 46-85.
Hill, Clara E. ve Knox, Sarah, “The Use of Dreams in Modern Psychotherapy”, International Review of Neurobiology 92 (2010), s. 291-317.
Kauffmann-Samaras, Aliki, “Le Peintre C, peintre Novateur de la Céramique Attique, dans la Collection du Musée du Louvre”, Revue du Louvre 37/ 5-6 (1987), s. 340-355.
Kavak, Salih, Çakan, Halil, Girginer, Serdar, Uzel, İlter ve Düzenli, Atabay, “Adamotu’nun (Mandragora sp) Tarihteki Kullanımına Dair Arkeolojik Kanıtlar: Tatarlı Höyük (Ceyhan/Adana)”, 13. Türk Tıp Tarihi Kongresi, Bildiriler, 18-21 Ekim (2017), Türkiye.
Kaya, Zafer - Gümüş, Cevdet, “Balamba Tabiat Parkı (Bartın) Florası”, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 20/ 2 (2018), s. 311-339.
King, Helen, “The Art of Medicine: Narratives of Healing. A New Approach to the Past?”, Lancet 383 (2014), s. 946-947.
Konak, Sibel, Antik Karya Bölgesindeki Kent Dışı Kutsal Alanlar, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi 2003.
Köktürk, Hüseyin ve Milner, Nicholas P., “A Land Dispute From the Lycian Borderland”, Anatolian Studies 53 (2003), s. 131-138
Larson, Jennifer, Ancient Greek Cults: A Guide, Routledge, New York 2007. Le Geun-Pollet, Brigitte, La Vie Religieuse Dans Le Mond Grec du Ve Au IIIe Siècle
Avant Notre Ère: Choix de Documents Èpigraphiques Traduits et Commentès, Presses Universitaries du Mirail 1991.
LiDonnici, Lynn.R., The Epidaurian Miracle Inscriptions: Text, Translation, and Commentary, Scholars Press, Atlanta 1995.
Magie, David, Roman Rule in Asia Minor (Vol. I-II), Princeton University Press, New Jersey 1950.
Maillot, Stéphanie, “Foreigners’ Associations and the Rhodian State”, V. Gabrielsen ve C. A. Thomsen (ed.), Private Associations and the Public Sphere (2015), s. 136-183. Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 9-11 September 2010. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab.
May, John M.F., Ainos, Its History and Coinage, Oxford University Press, London 1950.
Mørkholm, Otto, Antiochus IV of Syria, Nordisk Forlag, Copenhagen 1966. Mylonopoulos, Ioannis, “The Power of the Absent Text: Dedicatory Inscriptions on Greek Sacred Architecture and Altars (Ch.9)”, A. Petrovic, I. Petrıvic ve E. Thomas (ed.), The Materiality of Text- Placement, Perception, and Presence of Inscribed Texts in Classical Antiquity Brill, Leiden and Boston, 2019, s. 231-275.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Some Thoughts on the Problem of Identification of Demes: The Ancient Bozburun Peninsula”, Cedrus 2 (2014a), s. 267-289.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Restructuring the Settlement Pattern of A Peraean Deme Through Photogrammetry And GIS: The Case of Phoinix (Bozburun Peninsula, Turkey)”, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 14/2 (2014b), s. 281-313.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “On the Location and Territorium of Hygassos”, Höyük 7 (2014c), s. 33-43.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “The Chora and the Core: A General Look at the Rural Settlement Pattern of (Pre)Hellenistic Bozburun Peninsula, Turkey”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (PAUSBED) 20 (2015), s. 33–62.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Tymnos’un Kayıp Mabedi: Hera ve Zeus’a Adanan Tapınak Neredeydi? (The Lost Sanctuary of Tymnos: Where was the Naiskos Dedicated to Hera and Zeus?)”, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi 151 (2016), s. 231-247.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Three Amphora Stamps From Tymnos (Bozburun, Turkey): A Case Study Regarding Provenance”, Scientific Culture 3/3 (2017), s. 31-43.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Tymno-Karians or Transformers of the Bozburun Peninsula During the Hellenistic Period? Retrospective Reflections of a Demos on the Karian Cultural Heritage”, Phaselis 4 (2018), s. 259-294.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz - Liritzis, Ioannis, “Chasing Hygassos (Anatolia): Settlement Under Epigraphic Evidence”, Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica 23/2 (2017), s. 257-292.
Öz, Cüneyt, “Kültürel Süreklilik Bağlamında Antikçağdan Günümüze Kutsal Ağaç veya Hayat Ağacı”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/56 (2018), s. 213-223.
Özcan, Altay, Karia Yolu: Bozburun Yarımadası (Yürüyüş ve Gezi Rehberi) (The Karian Trial: Bozburun Peninsula (Walking and Travel Guide)), Miki Matbaacılık, Ankara 2019.
Pingiatoglou, Semeli, Eileithyia, Königshuasen and Neumann, Würzburg 1981. Price, Theodora H., “Double and Multiple Representations in Greek Art and Religious Thought”, JHS 91 (1971), s. 48-69.
Prittchett, William K., “Months in Dorian Calenders”, AJA 50/3 (1946), s. 258- 360.
Papachristodoulou, Ioannis, “The Rhodian Demes Within the Framework of the i, unction of the Rhodian State”, ed. V. Gabrielsen, P. Bilde, T. EngbergPedersen, L. Hannestad ve J. Zahle, Hellenistic Rhodes: Politics, Culture, and Society, Studies in Hellenistic Civilization (Vol. 9), Aarhus University Press, 1999, s. 27-44.
Ragavan, Deena, Heaven on Earth: Temples, Ritual, and Cosmic Symbolism in the Ancient World, The Oriental Institute, Chicago 2013.
Ramsay, William M., Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası, çev. M. Pektaş, Milli Eğitim Basımevi, İstanbul 1960.
Robert, Louis ve Robert, Jeanne, ---, Bulletin Épigraphique 68 (1955), s. 206-219. Rumscheid, Frank, Untersuchungen zur Kleinasiatischen Bauornamentik des Hellenismus I-II, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1994.
Russell, Donald, Texts, Translations and Notes, D.A.Russell, M. Trapp and H.-G. Nesselrath (ed.), A Praise of Asclepius: Aelius Aristides, Selected Prose Hymns, Scripta Antiquitatis Posterioris ad Ethicam Religionemque Pertinentia XXIX. Tübingen: Mohrsiebeck, 2016, s. 30-54.
Rutherford, Ian, “Network Theory and Theoric Networks”, Malkin, I., C. Constantakopoulou - K. Panagopoulou (ed.), Greek and Roman Networks in the Mediterranean, Routledge, London and New York 2009, s. 24-39.
Saner, Turgut ve Kuban, Zeynep, “Kıran Gölü 1998”, AST 17/2 (1999), s. 287-295.
Sayar, Mustafa H., “Kilikya’da Tanrılar ve Kültler”, OLBA 2 (1999), s. 131-154.
Schober, Arnold, Der Fries des Hekateions von Lagina (İstanbuler Forschungen, Band 2), Rudolf M. Rohrer, Baden bei Wien 1933.
Schredl, Michael, Bohusch, Claudia, Kahl, Johanna, Mader, Andrea ve Somesan, Alexandra, “The Use of Dreams in Psychotherapy: A Survey of Psychotherapists in Private Practice”, The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research 9/2 (2000), s. 81-87.
Sina, Ayşen, “Pausanias’ta Kült Kuran Kadın Kahramanlar”, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 23/35 (2004), s. 171-183.
Sokolowski, Franciszek, “On the Lex Sacra of Tymnos”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 87 (1956), s. 47-50.
Spratt, Thomas A.B., “Remarks on the Dorian Peninsula and Gulf, with Notes on a Temple of Latona There”, Archaeologia 49/2 (1886), s. 345-365.
Stoddart, John L., On the Inscribed Pottery of Rhodes, Cnidus and other Greek Cities, Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, Hughes and Robinson, London 1847.
Söğüt, Bilal, “Stratonikeia’nın Yerleşim Tarihi ve Yapılan Çalışmalar”, ed. B. Söğüt, Stratonikeia ve Çevresi Araştırmaları, Stratonikeia Çalışmaları 1 (İstanbul 2015), s. 1-8.
Söğüt, Bilal - Taşkıran, Murat, “Stratonikeia’dan Augustus Dönemi Mısır Etkili Korinth Başlıkları”, Olba 12 (2014), s. 189-213.
Şahin, Nuran, Zeus’un Anadolu Kültleri, Suna-İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü (AKMED), İstanbul 2001.
Talloen, Peter, Poblome, Jeroen, Waelkens, Marc ve Vanhaverbeke, Hennelore, “Matar in Pisidia: Phrygian Influences in Southwestern Anatolia”, M. Hutter (ed.), Pluralismus und Wandel in den Religionen im Vorhellenistischen Anatolien, Akten des Religionsgeschichtlichen Symposiums in Bonn (19-20 Mai) (2006), Ugarit-Verlag, Münster, s. 175-191.
Taş, İlknur, “Hititli Kadın Şifacılar- Şifalandırma Çalışmaları ve Bunşarın Birleştirici Coğrafya ve Jeokültürel Bellek Esasında Anadolu Kültüründeki Yansımaları”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (2017), s. 48-60.
Taşdöner, Kevser, “Karya Kenti Halikarnassos”, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 1 (2008), s. 96-106.
Taşlıklıoğlu, Zafer, Anadolu’da Apollon Kültü ile İlgili Kaynaklar, İstanbul 1963. Tırpan, A. Adil ve Söğüt, Bilal, “Hekate Temenosu 2000 Çalışmaları 2000 Çalışmaları”, KST 23/2 (2002), s. 343-350.
Tırpan, A. Adil, Gider-Büyüközer, Zeliha ve Büyüközer, Aytekin, “The Temple of Hekate at Lagina”, T. Schulz (ed.), Dipteros und Pseudodipteros: Bauhistorische und Archäologische Forschungen, Internationale Tagung, (2012), 13-15 November 2009, Regensburg. Byzas 12, s. 181-202.
Turnalı, A. Bilgin, Knidos ve Çevresi, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul 2015. Tys, Jery, Szopa, Aleksandra, Lalak, Justyna, Chmielewska, Mariola, Serefko, Anna ve Poleszak, Ewa, “A Botanical and Pharmacological Description of Petasites Species”, Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 28/3 (2015), s. 151-154.
Umar, Bilge, Türkiye’deki Tarihsel Adlar, İnkılap Kitabevi, İstanbul 1993.
Umar, Bilge, Karia: Bir Tarihsel Coğrafya Araştırması ve Gezi Rehberi, İnkılap Kitabevi, İstanbul 1999.
Uyguç, Arif, Güneybatı Anadolu’nun Tarih Öncesi Halkı: Kar’lar, Tunç Matbaası, Çine 1992.
Uykucu, K. Ekrem, The History and Geography of Marmaris, As Matbaası, İstanbul 1970.
Uzel, İlter, “Anadolu Antik Şehir Sikkelerinde Asklepios Kültü”, AST 12 (1997), s. 115-138.
von Oldenburg, Wilbrand, Reise Nach Syrien Kleinarmenien und in’s Heilige Land, Alm. çev. Johann C.M Laurent, Hamburg 1859.
Wilkening-Aumann, Christine, “The Hellenistic Theatre in the Sanctuary of Hemithea at Kastabos (Asia Minor): New Evidence and Reconstruction”, R. Frederiksen, E.R.Gebhard and A. Sokolicek (eds.), The Architecture of the Ancient Greek Theatre (2015), Aarhus University Press, s. 233-253.
Willetts, R.F., “Cretan Eileithyia”, The Classical Quarterly 8/3-4 (1958), s. 221-223.
Williamson, Christina G., “A Carian Shrine in a Hellenising World”, de Hoz, M.- P., J. P. Sanchez Hernández ve C.M.Valero (eds.) Between Tarhuntas and Zeus Polieus: Cultural Crossroads in the Temples and Cults of Graeco-Roman Anatolia (2016), s. 75-101, Colloquia Antiqua 17. Peeters, Leuven, Paris, Bristol.
Wise, Susan, Childbirth Votives and Rituals in Ancient Greece (PhD dissertation), University of Cincinnati 2007.
Zeyrek, Hacı T. - Zeyrek, Ali. N. - K. Şahin, Gülseren, “Kastabala Antik Kenti Kazıları 2013”, KST 36/1 (2014), s. 153-166.
AvP XI.1 (O. Ziegenaus and G. De Luca, Das Asklepieion. Der südliche Temenosbezirk in Hellenistischer und Frührömischer Zeit, Altertümer von Pergamon XI.1. Berlin 1968.
Encyclopedia Mythica, Eileithyia. Online: http://www.pantheon.org/articles/e/ eileithyia.html (03.05.2020)
http: //dx.doi.org/10.18367/Pha.18017
http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg001.perseuseng1:667-677.
http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_pe_04_book4.htm#48
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunisosbd/issue/36248/408480
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7742(10)92013-8
https://linearbknossosmycenae.com (18.12.2020)
https://www.atticinscriptions.com/browse/bysource/Helly/ (20.07.2020).
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eileithyia
https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/attic-black-figure-tripod-exaleiptron
https://www.thelancet.com/ (17 Temmuz 2020)
https://www.theoi.com/Gallery/K8.13.html (Catalogue no CA 616)
https://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/Eileithyia.html
PHI Greek Inscriptions. Region: Central Greece (IG VII-IX) Megaris, Oropia and Boiotia; Peloponnessos (IG IV-[VI]), IG IV2 , 1; Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Crete (Inscriptiones Creticae: [IC] I, xvii 9)); Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Cyclades, excl. Delos (IG XII,5), 1022); Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Rhodes and S. Dodecanese (IG XII,1), Segre & Pugliese Carratelli, Tituli Camirenses (ASAtene 27-29) [Tit. Cam.]; Asia Minor: Caria, Rhodian Peraia; Megiste: CIG 4301

Year 2022, Volume: 86 Issue: 306, 427 - 468, 11.08.2022

E. Deniz Oğuz Kırca

https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to question the connection of Hemithea and Eleithyia, who appear in two sectors (Bybassos and Phoinix) lying to the north and south of the Karian Bozburun Peninsula, and have similar roles and functions though coined under two different names, in the light of the epigraphical corpus (votive inscriptions) that are directly related to the goddesses, ancient accounts, mythological constructs and etymological probabilities partially based on historical geography. The origins of the sites, which are interrogated in terms of etymology and topography and associated with the earthly goddesses named under several epithets, especially in the ancient Mediterranean, show that, the remote memories spread over the Anatolian geography must be the reflections of some common codes in the lands settled. Moreover, even though they belong to separate geographies, the two sanctified towns (Kastabos identified with Hemithea and, Kastabala near Hemite) having the social gathering/market functions and “feminine” identities, can be assumed as agents of such a memory and may even refer to the invisible bonds of the ancient communities of Anatolia (since the Late Bronze Age). The Bozburun Peninsula, as can be understood from the herbal practices supported by ethnobotanical findings in relatively distant regions such as Cilicia, should have been a region that offered treatment and wellness alternatives on its own, depending on the richness of flora with high medicinal value. Its relation with the issues of health is not restricted to the northern and southern parts, however needs to be considered in its entirety, where remedies were offered in all the other demoi, like the midmost settlements- Syrna and Hydas. By all appearances, the region possessed certain centers that provided local solutions in the matters of the women’s and children’s health, procreation, miscarriage, etc. or painless delivery. Special prescriptions, enkoimesis enforced with sedative preparates, psychotherapy, even curative sorcery practiced in the name of Hemithea and Eleithyia, as the diverse manifestations of the transdivinity Artemis and, even Apollo, must have been used and applied in these centers.

Keywords

Bozburun, Health, Woman, Hemithea, Eileithyia, Enkoimesis, Herbaceous Plants, Psychotherapy

References

Aeschylus, Suppliant Women, çev. H. W. Smyth, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1926.
Callimachus, Hymns 1-3, çev. A.W. Mair, Loeb series, William Heinemann, London 1921.
Claudius Aelianus, De Natura Animalium (On the Characteristics of Animals), çev. A. F. Scolfield, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1959.
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Library of History, Cilt II, Kitap 2.35-4.58, çev. C. H. Oldfather, Loeb Classical Library 303, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1935.
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Library of History, Cilt III, Kitap 4.59-8, çev. C. H. Oldfather, Loeb Classical Library 340, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1939.
Euripides, The Complete Greek Drama (2 Cilt), çev. W. J. Oates and E. O’Neill, Iphigenia in Tauris, çev. R. Potter, Random House, New York 1938.
Eusebius of Caesarea, Praeparatio Evangelica (Preparation for the Gospel) (Libri 4), çev. E. H. Gifford 1903.
G. Plinius Secundus Maior (Yaşlı Plinius), Naturalis Historia (Natural History), Cilt. I-X; Kitap 1-37, çev. by Rackham, H., Jones, W. H. S. and Eichholz, D. E., Harvard University Press, London 1949-1954.
Herodotus, Historiai, Herodot Tarihi, çev. M. Ökmen, Türkiye İş Bankası, İstanbul 2002.
Hesiodos, Erga kai hemerai, Theogonia. İşler ve Günler, Tanrıların Doğuşu, çev. F. Akderin, (2. basım), İstanbul 2014.
Homeros, İliad. İlyada, çev. A. Erhat - A. Kadir, (23. basım), İstanbul 2007.
Homeros, Odysseia, çev. A. Erhat - A. Kadir, (19. basım), İstanbul 2007.
Lucius Apuleius, The Golden Ass, Being the Metamorphoses of Lucius Apuleius, çev. S. Gaselee, William Heinemann, London; G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York 1915.
Niccolò Machiavelli, La Mandragola, ed. Pasquale Stoppelli, Mondadori, Milano 2016.
Nonnus, Dionysiaca (Cilt.III, Kitap 36-48), çev. W. H. D. Rouse, Loeb Classical Library 356, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1940.
Pausanias, Hellados Periegesis. Pausanias Description of Greece (4 cilt), çev. W.H.S. Jones, D. Litt and H.A. Ormerod, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; William Heinemann Ltd., London 1918.
Pedanius Dioscorides, De Materia Medica, 1 Cilt, 5 Kitap, çev. T. A. Osbaldeston, 1. basım, IBIDIS Press, Johannesburg 2000.
Pedanius Dioscorides, De Materia Medica, çev. L. Beck, Hildesheim, OlmsWeidmann 2005.
Publius Aelius Aristides, Orationes, ed. W. Dindorf, Aristides (Cilt 2), G. Reimer 1829.
Stephan von Byzanz (Stephanus Byzantinus), Ethnika (Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum Quae Supersunt Ex Recensione Augusti Meineke), Akademische Druck- U. Verlagsanstalt (Unverändenter Abdruck der 1849 in Verlag G. Reimer in Berlin erschienenen Ausgabe), Graz 1958.
Strabon, Geographika. Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası (Kitap 12-14), çev. A. Pekman, İstanbul 2005.
Theophrastus, Historia Plantarum (Enquiry into Plants), Cilt II: Kitap 6-9, On Odours, Weather Signs, çev. A.F. Hort, Loeb Classical Library 79, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1916.
Albayrak, Yusuf, Anadolu’da Artemis Kültü. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ensitüsü, Yayımlanmamış, Doktora tezi, Ankara 2008.
Albayrak, Yusuf, “Anadolu’da Artemis’in Sıfatları (Epithetons of Artemis in Anatolia)”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12/48 (2018), s. 1-15.
Askitopoulou, Helen, “Sleep and Dreams: From Myth to Medicine in Ancient Greece”, Journal of Anesthesia History 1/3 (2015), s. 70-75.
Baur, Paul V. C., Eileithyia, ed. F. Thilly, The University of Missouri Studies I no. 4, Chicago 1902.
Bean, George. E., Eskiçağ’da Menderes’in Ötesi (Turkey Beyond the Meander), çev. P. Kurtoğlu, Arion, İstanbul 2000.
Bean, George. E. ve Cook, John M., “The Carian Coast III”, The Annual of the British School at Athens 52 (1957), s. 58-147.
Birch, Samuel, History of Ancient Pottery, Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman, John Murray, London 1873.
Błaśkiewicz, Monika, “Healing Dreams at Epidaurus. Analysis and Interpretation of the Epidaurian Iamata”, Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica 15/4 (2014), s. 54-69.
Bonfante, Larissa, Etruscan Dresses, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London 2003.
Bresson, Alain, Recueil des Inscriptions de la Pérée Rhodiene (Pérée Intégrée), Les Belles Lettres, Paris 1991.
Bruns-Özgan, Christine, Knidos Antik Kent Rehberi. Knidos’u Araştırma ve Geliştirme Derneği, Konya 2002.
Bryce, Trevor R., “The Arrival of the Goddess Leto in Lycia”, Historia: Zeitschrift für alte Geschichte 321 (1983), s. 1-13.
Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion (Griechische Religion der Archaischen und Klassischen Epoche), çev. John Raffan, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press 1985.
Büyüközer, Aytekin, “The Sanctuary of Hekate at Lagina in the 4th Century B.C (M.Ö 4. yy’da Lagina Hekate Kutsal Alanı)”, Arkhaia Anatolika 1 (2018), s. 15- 30. doi: 10.32949/Arkhaia.2018.1
Chaviaras, Michael ve Chaviaras, Niketas, -----, Archaiologike Ephemeris (AE) °69 (1911), s. 68.
Chaviaras, Michael ve Chaviaras, Niketas, -----, Archaiologike Ephemeris (AE) °89, 94 (1913), 101 (s. 4-5).
Cole, Susan G., Theoi Megaloi: The Cult of the Great Gods at Samothrace, E. J. Brill, Leiden 1984.
Connelly, John B., Portrait of a Priestress: Women and Ritual in Ancient Greece, Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford 2007.
Cook, Arthur B., Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion (Vol. II, Part I), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1925.
Cook John M. - Plommer, William H., The Sanctuary of Hemithea at Kastabos, Cambridge University Press, London 1966.
Çevik, Nevzat - Bulut, Süleyman, “Myra ve Limanı Andriake”, Aktüel Arkeoloji 20 (2011), s. 50-66.
Demirciler, Volkan - Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Fighters and Winners of the Peraia (Bozburun Peninsula)”, T.B. Schou (ed.), Anatolia: Past, Present and Future Perspectives, Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York 2020, s. 1-20, Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York.
Doğan, Umut, “Spil (Manisa) Dağı’nın Kuzey Yüzündeki Bir Grup Kaya Anıtı”, Türk Arkeoloji ve Etnoğrafya Dergisi 7 (2007), s. 69-78.
Dupont-Sommer, André - Robert, Louis, La Dèesse de Hièrapolis Castabala (Cilicie), A. Maissonneuve, Paris 1964.
Dürrbach, Felix - Radet Georges A, “Inscriptions de la Péréé Rhodienne”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 10 (1886), s. 245-269.
Erhat, Azra, Mitoloji Sözlüğü, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul 2017.
Edelstein, Emma - Edelstein, Ludwig, Asclepius: A Collection and Interpretation of the Testimonies, John Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1945.
Fraser Peter M. - Bean, George E., The Rhodian Peraea and Islands, Oxford University Press, London 1954.
Girginer, Serdar - Oyman Girginer, Ö. - Akıl, Hayriye, “Tatarlı Höyük (Ceyhan) Kazısı: İlk İki Dönem”, KST 31/3 (2010), s. 453-477.
Girginer, Serdar - Uygur, Haluk, Toros ve Amanosların Gölgesinde Kültürlerin Buluştuğu Nokta Kilikya, Homer Yayınları, İstanbul 2014.
Goetze, Albrecht - Sturtevant, Edgar, H., The Hittite Ritual of Tunnawi, American Oriental Series 14, American Oriental Society, New Haven 1938.
Grossman, Werner - Schmidraml, Hanns, “An Extract of Petasites Hybridus is Effective in the Prophylaxis of Migraine”, Alternative Medicine Review: A Journal of Clinical Therapeutic (Altern Med Rev) 6/3 (2001), s. 303-310.
Gün, Merve - Aytaç, Selim, “Güzel Avrat Otu (Atropa belladonna L.) Genel Özellikleri”, International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 2/2 (2019), s. 50-57.
Gyllenbok, Jan, Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures, (Vol. 1) Birkhäuser, Cham 2018.
Hamilton, Mary, Incubation Or the Cure of Disease in Pagan Temples and Christian Churches, W.C. Henderson and Son, St. Andrews; Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., London 1906.
Head, Barclay V., Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics, Spink & Son Ltd., London 1963.
Head, Barclay V., Guide to the Principal Gold and Silver Coins of the Ancients: From Circa B.C.700 to A.D.1, Argonaout, Chicago 1968.
Held, Winfried, “Die Heiligtümer und Kulte von Loryma”, ed. R.van Bremen ve J-M. Carbon, Hellenistic Karia (Proceedings of the First International Conference on Hellenistic Karia, Oxford, 29 June- 2 July 2006) Diffusion de Boccard, Paris 2010, s. 354- 377.
Held, Winfried, Influence from the Dodekanese in Karian sanctuaries in the Hellenistic period, Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens, January 24-26, 2018.
Held, Winfried ve Wilkening-Aumann, Christine, “Vom karischen Bund zur griechischen Polis. Archäologischer Survey in Bybassos und Kastabosauf der Karischen Chersones”, A. Matthaei ve M. Zimmermann (ed..), Urbane Strukturen und Bürgerliche Identitätim Hellenismus: Die Hellenistische Polis als Lebensform (Band 5), Heidelberg: Verlag Antike e.K. 2015, s. 74-98.
Hellenkemper, Hansgerd, Burgen der Kreuzritterzeit in der Grafschaft Edessa und im Konigreich Kleinarmenien, Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1976.
Helly, Bruno, Gonnoi II: Les Inscriptions, Hakkert, Amsterdam 1973.
Hicks, Edward L., “Inscriptions from Casarea, Lydae, Patara and Myra”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies 10 (1889), s. 46-85.
Hill, Clara E. ve Knox, Sarah, “The Use of Dreams in Modern Psychotherapy”, International Review of Neurobiology 92 (2010), s. 291-317.
Kauffmann-Samaras, Aliki, “Le Peintre C, peintre Novateur de la Céramique Attique, dans la Collection du Musée du Louvre”, Revue du Louvre 37/ 5-6 (1987), s. 340-355.
Kavak, Salih, Çakan, Halil, Girginer, Serdar, Uzel, İlter ve Düzenli, Atabay, “Adamotu’nun (Mandragora sp) Tarihteki Kullanımına Dair Arkeolojik Kanıtlar: Tatarlı Höyük (Ceyhan/Adana)”, 13. Türk Tıp Tarihi Kongresi, Bildiriler, 18-21 Ekim (2017), Türkiye.
Kaya, Zafer - Gümüş, Cevdet, “Balamba Tabiat Parkı (Bartın) Florası”, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 20/ 2 (2018), s. 311-339.
King, Helen, “The Art of Medicine: Narratives of Healing. A New Approach to the Past?”, Lancet 383 (2014), s. 946-947.
Konak, Sibel, Antik Karya Bölgesindeki Kent Dışı Kutsal Alanlar, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi 2003.
Köktürk, Hüseyin ve Milner, Nicholas P., “A Land Dispute From the Lycian Borderland”, Anatolian Studies 53 (2003), s. 131-138
Larson, Jennifer, Ancient Greek Cults: A Guide, Routledge, New York 2007. Le Geun-Pollet, Brigitte, La Vie Religieuse Dans Le Mond Grec du Ve Au IIIe Siècle
Avant Notre Ère: Choix de Documents Èpigraphiques Traduits et Commentès, Presses Universitaries du Mirail 1991.
LiDonnici, Lynn.R., The Epidaurian Miracle Inscriptions: Text, Translation, and Commentary, Scholars Press, Atlanta 1995.
Magie, David, Roman Rule in Asia Minor (Vol. I-II), Princeton University Press, New Jersey 1950.
Maillot, Stéphanie, “Foreigners’ Associations and the Rhodian State”, V. Gabrielsen ve C. A. Thomsen (ed.), Private Associations and the Public Sphere (2015), s. 136-183. Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 9-11 September 2010. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab.
May, John M.F., Ainos, Its History and Coinage, Oxford University Press, London 1950.
Mørkholm, Otto, Antiochus IV of Syria, Nordisk Forlag, Copenhagen 1966. Mylonopoulos, Ioannis, “The Power of the Absent Text: Dedicatory Inscriptions on Greek Sacred Architecture and Altars (Ch.9)”, A. Petrovic, I. Petrıvic ve E. Thomas (ed.), The Materiality of Text- Placement, Perception, and Presence of Inscribed Texts in Classical Antiquity Brill, Leiden and Boston, 2019, s. 231-275.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Some Thoughts on the Problem of Identification of Demes: The Ancient Bozburun Peninsula”, Cedrus 2 (2014a), s. 267-289.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Restructuring the Settlement Pattern of A Peraean Deme Through Photogrammetry And GIS: The Case of Phoinix (Bozburun Peninsula, Turkey)”, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 14/2 (2014b), s. 281-313.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “On the Location and Territorium of Hygassos”, Höyük 7 (2014c), s. 33-43.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “The Chora and the Core: A General Look at the Rural Settlement Pattern of (Pre)Hellenistic Bozburun Peninsula, Turkey”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (PAUSBED) 20 (2015), s. 33–62.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Tymnos’un Kayıp Mabedi: Hera ve Zeus’a Adanan Tapınak Neredeydi? (The Lost Sanctuary of Tymnos: Where was the Naiskos Dedicated to Hera and Zeus?)”, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi 151 (2016), s. 231-247.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Three Amphora Stamps From Tymnos (Bozburun, Turkey): A Case Study Regarding Provenance”, Scientific Culture 3/3 (2017), s. 31-43.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz, “Tymno-Karians or Transformers of the Bozburun Peninsula During the Hellenistic Period? Retrospective Reflections of a Demos on the Karian Cultural Heritage”, Phaselis 4 (2018), s. 259-294.
Oğuz-Kırca, E. Deniz - Liritzis, Ioannis, “Chasing Hygassos (Anatolia): Settlement Under Epigraphic Evidence”, Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica 23/2 (2017), s. 257-292.
Öz, Cüneyt, “Kültürel Süreklilik Bağlamında Antikçağdan Günümüze Kutsal Ağaç veya Hayat Ağacı”, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 11/56 (2018), s. 213-223.
Özcan, Altay, Karia Yolu: Bozburun Yarımadası (Yürüyüş ve Gezi Rehberi) (The Karian Trial: Bozburun Peninsula (Walking and Travel Guide)), Miki Matbaacılık, Ankara 2019.
Pingiatoglou, Semeli, Eileithyia, Königshuasen and Neumann, Würzburg 1981. Price, Theodora H., “Double and Multiple Representations in Greek Art and Religious Thought”, JHS 91 (1971), s. 48-69.
Prittchett, William K., “Months in Dorian Calenders”, AJA 50/3 (1946), s. 258- 360.
Papachristodoulou, Ioannis, “The Rhodian Demes Within the Framework of the i, unction of the Rhodian State”, ed. V. Gabrielsen, P. Bilde, T. EngbergPedersen, L. Hannestad ve J. Zahle, Hellenistic Rhodes: Politics, Culture, and Society, Studies in Hellenistic Civilization (Vol. 9), Aarhus University Press, 1999, s. 27-44.
Ragavan, Deena, Heaven on Earth: Temples, Ritual, and Cosmic Symbolism in the Ancient World, The Oriental Institute, Chicago 2013.
Ramsay, William M., Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coğrafyası, çev. M. Pektaş, Milli Eğitim Basımevi, İstanbul 1960.
Robert, Louis ve Robert, Jeanne, ---, Bulletin Épigraphique 68 (1955), s. 206-219. Rumscheid, Frank, Untersuchungen zur Kleinasiatischen Bauornamentik des Hellenismus I-II, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1994.
Russell, Donald, Texts, Translations and Notes, D.A.Russell, M. Trapp and H.-G. Nesselrath (ed.), A Praise of Asclepius: Aelius Aristides, Selected Prose Hymns, Scripta Antiquitatis Posterioris ad Ethicam Religionemque Pertinentia XXIX. Tübingen: Mohrsiebeck, 2016, s. 30-54.
Rutherford, Ian, “Network Theory and Theoric Networks”, Malkin, I., C. Constantakopoulou - K. Panagopoulou (ed.), Greek and Roman Networks in the Mediterranean, Routledge, London and New York 2009, s. 24-39.
Saner, Turgut ve Kuban, Zeynep, “Kıran Gölü 1998”, AST 17/2 (1999), s. 287-295.
Sayar, Mustafa H., “Kilikya’da Tanrılar ve Kültler”, OLBA 2 (1999), s. 131-154.
Schober, Arnold, Der Fries des Hekateions von Lagina (İstanbuler Forschungen, Band 2), Rudolf M. Rohrer, Baden bei Wien 1933.
Schredl, Michael, Bohusch, Claudia, Kahl, Johanna, Mader, Andrea ve Somesan, Alexandra, “The Use of Dreams in Psychotherapy: A Survey of Psychotherapists in Private Practice”, The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research 9/2 (2000), s. 81-87.
Sina, Ayşen, “Pausanias’ta Kült Kuran Kadın Kahramanlar”, Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 23/35 (2004), s. 171-183.
Sokolowski, Franciszek, “On the Lex Sacra of Tymnos”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 87 (1956), s. 47-50.
Spratt, Thomas A.B., “Remarks on the Dorian Peninsula and Gulf, with Notes on a Temple of Latona There”, Archaeologia 49/2 (1886), s. 345-365.
Stoddart, John L., On the Inscribed Pottery of Rhodes, Cnidus and other Greek Cities, Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, Hughes and Robinson, London 1847.
Söğüt, Bilal, “Stratonikeia’nın Yerleşim Tarihi ve Yapılan Çalışmalar”, ed. B. Söğüt, Stratonikeia ve Çevresi Araştırmaları, Stratonikeia Çalışmaları 1 (İstanbul 2015), s. 1-8.
Söğüt, Bilal - Taşkıran, Murat, “Stratonikeia’dan Augustus Dönemi Mısır Etkili Korinth Başlıkları”, Olba 12 (2014), s. 189-213.
Şahin, Nuran, Zeus’un Anadolu Kültleri, Suna-İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü (AKMED), İstanbul 2001.
Talloen, Peter, Poblome, Jeroen, Waelkens, Marc ve Vanhaverbeke, Hennelore, “Matar in Pisidia: Phrygian Influences in Southwestern Anatolia”, M. Hutter (ed.), Pluralismus und Wandel in den Religionen im Vorhellenistischen Anatolien, Akten des Religionsgeschichtlichen Symposiums in Bonn (19-20 Mai) (2006), Ugarit-Verlag, Münster, s. 175-191.
Taş, İlknur, “Hititli Kadın Şifacılar- Şifalandırma Çalışmaları ve Bunşarın Birleştirici Coğrafya ve Jeokültürel Bellek Esasında Anadolu Kültüründeki Yansımaları”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi 11 (2017), s. 48-60.
Taşdöner, Kevser, “Karya Kenti Halikarnassos”, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 1 (2008), s. 96-106.
Taşlıklıoğlu, Zafer, Anadolu’da Apollon Kültü ile İlgili Kaynaklar, İstanbul 1963. Tırpan, A. Adil ve Söğüt, Bilal, “Hekate Temenosu 2000 Çalışmaları 2000 Çalışmaları”, KST 23/2 (2002), s. 343-350.
Tırpan, A. Adil, Gider-Büyüközer, Zeliha ve Büyüközer, Aytekin, “The Temple of Hekate at Lagina”, T. Schulz (ed.), Dipteros und Pseudodipteros: Bauhistorische und Archäologische Forschungen, Internationale Tagung, (2012), 13-15 November 2009, Regensburg. Byzas 12, s. 181-202.
Turnalı, A. Bilgin, Knidos ve Çevresi, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul 2015. Tys, Jery, Szopa, Aleksandra, Lalak, Justyna, Chmielewska, Mariola, Serefko, Anna ve Poleszak, Ewa, “A Botanical and Pharmacological Description of Petasites Species”, Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 28/3 (2015), s. 151-154.
Umar, Bilge, Türkiye’deki Tarihsel Adlar, İnkılap Kitabevi, İstanbul 1993.
Umar, Bilge, Karia: Bir Tarihsel Coğrafya Araştırması ve Gezi Rehberi, İnkılap Kitabevi, İstanbul 1999.
Uyguç, Arif, Güneybatı Anadolu’nun Tarih Öncesi Halkı: Kar’lar, Tunç Matbaası, Çine 1992.
Uykucu, K. Ekrem, The History and Geography of Marmaris, As Matbaası, İstanbul 1970.
Uzel, İlter, “Anadolu Antik Şehir Sikkelerinde Asklepios Kültü”, AST 12 (1997), s. 115-138.
von Oldenburg, Wilbrand, Reise Nach Syrien Kleinarmenien und in’s Heilige Land, Alm. çev. Johann C.M Laurent, Hamburg 1859.
Wilkening-Aumann, Christine, “The Hellenistic Theatre in the Sanctuary of Hemithea at Kastabos (Asia Minor): New Evidence and Reconstruction”, R. Frederiksen, E.R.Gebhard and A. Sokolicek (eds.), The Architecture of the Ancient Greek Theatre (2015), Aarhus University Press, s. 233-253.
Willetts, R.F., “Cretan Eileithyia”, The Classical Quarterly 8/3-4 (1958), s. 221-223.
Williamson, Christina G., “A Carian Shrine in a Hellenising World”, de Hoz, M.- P., J. P. Sanchez Hernández ve C.M.Valero (eds.) Between Tarhuntas and Zeus Polieus: Cultural Crossroads in the Temples and Cults of Graeco-Roman Anatolia (2016), s. 75-101, Colloquia Antiqua 17. Peeters, Leuven, Paris, Bristol.
Wise, Susan, Childbirth Votives and Rituals in Ancient Greece (PhD dissertation), University of Cincinnati 2007.
Zeyrek, Hacı T. - Zeyrek, Ali. N. - K. Şahin, Gülseren, “Kastabala Antik Kenti Kazıları 2013”, KST 36/1 (2014), s. 153-166.
AvP XI.1 (O. Ziegenaus and G. De Luca, Das Asklepieion. Der südliche Temenosbezirk in Hellenistischer und Frührömischer Zeit, Altertümer von Pergamon XI.1. Berlin 1968.
Encyclopedia Mythica, Eileithyia. Online: http://www.pantheon.org/articles/e/ eileithyia.html (03.05.2020)
http: //dx.doi.org/10.18367/Pha.18017
http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg001.perseuseng1:667-677.
http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_pe_04_book4.htm#48
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunisosbd/issue/36248/408480
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7742(10)92013-8
https://linearbknossosmycenae.com (18.12.2020)
https://www.atticinscriptions.com/browse/bysource/Helly/ (20.07.2020).
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eileithyia
https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/attic-black-figure-tripod-exaleiptron
https://www.thelancet.com/ (17 Temmuz 2020)
https://www.theoi.com/Gallery/K8.13.html (Catalogue no CA 616)
https://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/Eileithyia.html
PHI Greek Inscriptions. Region: Central Greece (IG VII-IX) Megaris, Oropia and Boiotia; Peloponnessos (IG IV-[VI]), IG IV2 , 1; Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Crete (Inscriptiones Creticae: [IC] I, xvii 9)); Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Cyclades, excl. Delos (IG XII,5), 1022); Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) Rhodes and S. Dodecanese (IG XII,1), Segre & Pugliese Carratelli, Tituli Camirenses (ASAtene 27-29) [Tit. Cam.]; Asia Minor: Caria, Rhodian Peraia; Megiste: CIG 4301

There are 140 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Archaeology
Journal Section	Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors	E. Deniz Oğuz Kırca This is me 0000-0003-0202-5327
Publication Date	August 11, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 86 Issue: 306

Cite

APA	Oğuz Kırca, E. D. (2022). Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. BELLETEN, 86(306), 427-468. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427
AMA	Oğuz Kırca ED. Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. TTK BELLETEN. August 2022;86(306):427-468. doi:10.37879/belleten.2022.427
Chicago	Oğuz Kırca, E. Deniz. “Yerel Ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea Ve Eileithyia”. BELLETEN 86, no. 306 (August 2022): 427-68. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427.
EndNote	Oğuz Kırca ED (August 1, 2022) Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. BELLETEN 86 306 427–468.
IEEE	E. D. Oğuz Kırca, “Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia”, TTK BELLETEN, vol. 86, no. 306, pp. 427–468, 2022, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2022.427.
ISNAD	Oğuz Kırca, E. Deniz. “Yerel Ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea Ve Eileithyia”. BELLETEN 86/306 (August 2022), 427-468. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2022.427.
JAMA	Oğuz Kırca ED. Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. TTK BELLETEN. 2022;86:427–468.
MLA	Oğuz Kırca, E. Deniz. “Yerel Ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea Ve Eileithyia”. BELLETEN, vol. 86, no. 306, 2022, pp. 427-68, doi:10.37879/belleten.2022.427.
Vancouver	Oğuz Kırca ED. Yerel ve Devşirme? İki Kimlik: Hemithea ve Eileithyia. TTK BELLETEN. 2022;86(306):427-68.

Article Files

Full Text

Belleten is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).