Research Article

Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation

Volume: 28 Number: 28 June 28, 2026
TR EN

Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation

Abstract

Atmanirbhar Bharat is a Government of India initiative to foster self-reliance by promoting domestic manufacturing, innovation, and economic growth, reducing dependence on foreign resources. Tourism plays a vital role in driving the Indian economy and self-reliance, making it essential to establish a standard scale for its evaluation. This study develops a reliable scale using item generation, pilot testing, and factor analysis. The research addressed a gap by developing a conclusive, reliable and valid scale to measure Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) in tourism. The findings indicate that self-reliance in tourism is a multifaceted concept that integrates various societal and governance aspects.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdullah, N. C. & Said, J. (2014). Economic empowerment of rural communities in homestay programmes: Loopholes of governance structure. Proceedings of ICFC, 2014:5.
  2. Acha-Anyi, P. N. et al. (2015). Bridging the demand and supply gap in community tourism. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY, TOURISM AND LEISURE, 4(2):1–16. http://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article39vol4(2)july-nov2015.pdf
  3. Achmad, W. (2023). Community empowerment for tourism village development in sumberjaya village, choreutid district, ciamis regency. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND SOCIOLOGY RESEARCH, 11(1):155–160. https://doi.org/10.35335/ijopsor.v11i1.65
  4. Adebayo, A. D. & Butcher, J. (2023). Community empowerment in nigeria’s tourism industry: An analysis of stakeholders’ perceptions. TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT, 20(4):583–603. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2127865
  5. Afsahhosseini, F. (2020). Technology in tourism. In Gunadi et al. (Eds.), Culture, people and technology: The driving forces for tourism cities: Proceedings of the 8th ITSA Biennial Conference 2020 (pp. 368–381). The British Library.
  6. Ahmad, M. S. & Abu Talib, N. B. (2016). Analysis of community empowerment on projects sustainability: Moderating role of sense of community. SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH, 129:1039–1056. 10.1007/s11205-014-0781-9
  7. Ahmad, S., Zulkurnain, N., & Khairushalimi, F. (2016). Assessing the validity and reliability of a measurement model in structural equation modeling (sem). BRITISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, 15(3):1–8. 10.9734/BJMCS/2016/25183
  8. Alam, A., Khan, A., Ghosal, N., & Satpati, L. (2021). A review of resource management and self-reliance for sustainable development of india under covid-19 scenario. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS, 21(4):e2725. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2725

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Tourism (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 28, 2026

Submission Date

May 12, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 3, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 28 Number: 28

APA
Ayush, ., & Gangotia, A. (2026). Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, 28(28), 63-88. https://izlik.org/JA68YP73LP
AMA
1.Ayush ., Gangotia A. Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research. 2026;28(28):63-88. https://izlik.org/JA68YP73LP
Chicago
Ayush, ., and Amit Gangotia. 2026. “Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research 28 (28): 63-88. https://izlik.org/JA68YP73LP.
EndNote
Ayush ., Gangotia A (June 1, 2026) Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research 28 28 63–88.
IEEE
[1]. Ayush and A. Gangotia, “Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation”, Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, vol. 28, no. 28, pp. 63–88, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA68YP73LP
ISNAD
Ayush, . - Gangotia, Amit. “Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research 28/28 (June 1, 2026): 63-88. https://izlik.org/JA68YP73LP.
JAMA
1.Ayush ., Gangotia A. Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research. 2026;28:63–88.
MLA
Ayush, ., and Amit Gangotia. “Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, vol. 28, no. 28, June 2026, pp. 63-88, https://izlik.org/JA68YP73LP.
Vancouver
1.. Ayush, Amit Gangotia. Measuring Self-Reliant Tourism Development (SRTD) : Scale Development and Validation. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;28(28):63-88. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA68YP73LP