Türkiye’deki Bisiklet Kullanıcılarının Trafikte Görünürlükleri ve Renk Değişkeninin Bu Bağlamda İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki bisiklet kullanıcılarının, diğer yol kullanıcıları olan araba sürücüleri ve yayalar tarafından görünürlüklerinin tespiti ve renk değişkeninin bu görünürlüğe etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda iki farklı deney uygulanmıştır. Birinci çalışmada bisikletlilerin tespit edilmesinin karşılaştırılması amacıyla yaya, bisikletli ve sürücü olmak üzere 62 katılımcının olduğu bir deney yürütülmüştür. Araba sürücüleri ve yayaların bisikletleri tespit etmesinin, bisikletlilerin giydikleri tişörtlerin renklerine göre değişimini inceleyen ikinci deneyde, yaya ve sürücü olmak üzere 43 katılımcı yer almıştır. İlk deneyde katılımcılara rastgele olarak içerisinde farklı mesafelerde (yakın, orta ve uzak) araba, bisikletli veya hiçbir şey olmayan yol fotoğrafları gösterilmiş ve fotoğraflarda araç olup olmadığıyla ilgili karar vermeleri istenmiştir. İkinci deneyde katılımcılara sadece dört farklı renk (kırmızı, mavi, sarı ve yeşil) tişört giymiş bisikletliler ve boş yol fotoğrafları sunulmuştur. Ardından görülen yolda araç olup olmadığıyla ilgili karar vermeleri istenmiştir. Daha sonra katılımcıların reaksiyon zamanları ve doğru karar verme oranları değerlendirilmiştir. Bisikletlilerin bütün yol kullanıcıları tarafından, arabaya göre daha düşük görünürlüğe sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca bütün yol kullanıcıları bisikletlilere, arabalara göre daha yavaş reaksiyon vermiştir. Ancak sürücüler ve bisikletliler arasında bisikletliyi algılamakta anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır. İkinci deneyde ise bisikletli kırmızı renk tişört ile uzak mesafede olduğu durumda, sarı renge göre daha yüksek görünürlüğe sahiptir. Bisikletlinin orta mesafede sunulduğu koşulda ise mavi renk tişörte verilen reaksiyon zamanlarının, yeşil renge verilen reaksiyon zamanlarından ve kırmızı renge verilen reaksiyon zamanlarının, yeşil renge verilen reaksiyon zamanlarından daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, bisikletlilerin Türkiye’deki görünürlükleriyle ilgili deneysel yolla sonuçlar elde edilmiş ve bu görünürlüğün arttırılmasına yönelik çözümler tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Bisiklet
• yukarıdan aşağıya işleme
• renk algısı
• baktım-ama-göremedim hatası

The Visibility of Cyclists in Traffic and Investigation Effect of Color in Turkey

Abstract

In this study, detection of cyclists in Turkey by drivers and pedestrians and effect of a color variable was investigated. For this purpose, two different experiments were applied. There were 62 participants, including pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers, to compare detection cyclists in the first experiment. There were 43 participants, drivers, and pedestrians, in the second experiment, investigated to change of detection of cyclists according to colors of shirts they wore. In the first experiment, participants were presented with different road pictures of cars and bicycles placed at three different distances (near, middle, and far). Participants gave responses to vehicles' presence or absence in photographs and reaction times until these responses were collected in both experiments. In the second experiment, participants were presented cyclists who wear four different colors (red, blue, yellow, and green) in a shirt placed on same roads and distances. Cyclists have been found by all road users to have lower visibility and slow reactance than cars. However, there was no significant difference in the perception of cyclists between drivers and cyclists. It was found that the blue shirt's reaction times were higher than the green shirt's reaction times in the close distance. For medium, the blue shirt's reaction times were higher than the green shirt's reaction times, and the red shirt's reaction times were higher than the green shirt's reaction times. In this study, experimental results have obtained about cyclists' visibility in Turkey; furthermore, physical and social solutions that aimed to increase this visibility rate are discussed.

Keywords

• bicycle
• top-down process
• color perception
• looked-but-failed-to–see error

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