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YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ

Year 2018, Issue: 23, 157 - 178, 01.07.2018

Abstract

1890-1893 yıllarında yapılan kazılarda; Menderes Magnasiası’nın, Thessalia’da yer alan ana kent Magnesia ileilişkisi, Magnetlerin Girit Adası’ndaki kısa süreli yerleşimleri ve ardından oradan Anadolu’ya göç edişlerine yönelikolan kuruluş mitosunun ktisis ve kurucu kahramanı Leukippos’un ktistes anlatıldığı önemli bir yazıt ortayaçıkartılmıştır. Antik kaynaklarda da, yazıtta konu edilen göç ve kentin kuruluşu ile ilgili olarak tamamlayıcıyıbilgilere ulaşmak mümkündür. Hatta Magnesia kent sikkeleri üzerinde bulunan ve kentin kuruluş mitosu vekurucu kahramanına ait olan farklı betimlemeleri yansıtan görseller ve bugüne kadar bu konu kapsamındadeğerlendirilmemiş, Magnesia heykelleri üzerindeki bazı detaylar tamamlayıcı olan arkeolojik kanıtlar arasındadır.Bu kapsamda, bu çalışma içerisinde Homeros’un Iliad anlatısında adları geçen ve Thessalialı bir halk olanMagnetlerin, Thessalia’dan, Girit’e oradan da Anadolu kıyılarına kadar uzanan göç hareketleri ve Batı Anadolu’daDelphi Apollonu’nun kehaneti ile birlikte kurulan yeni kentin kuruluş hikâyesi ve kurucu kahramanı Leukippostarihsel, epigrafik ve arkeolojik verilerle birlikte irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.

References

  • BIAGETTI, C. 2010. “Ricerche Sulle Tradizioni di Fondazione di Magnesia al Meandro: Un Aggiornamento,” Klio 92:42-64.
  • BIJOVSKY, G. 2009. “A Unique Coin of Magnesia ad Maeandrum Discovered in Excavations at Neapolis (Nablus), Samaria (Appendix)”, in: Flavia Neapolis: Shechem in the Roman Period (Ed. M. Izchak). Jerusalem: Staff Officer of Archaeology-Civil Administration of Judea and Samaria : Israel Antiquities Authority, Israel: 277-279.
  • BİNGÖL, O. 1998. Magnesia ad Maeandrum, Menderes Magnesiası. Ankara.
  • BİNGÖL, O. 2007. Beyaz Kaşlı Artemis’in Kenti, Menderese Magnesiası, Magnesia ad Maeandrum. İstanbul.
  • BİNGÖL, O. 2008. “Das Apollon-Heiligtum von Hylai in Magnesia nach Pausanias”, Arkeoloji Dergisi XII: 9-18.
  • BLAKELY, S. 2017. Gods, Objects, and Ritual Practice. Atlanta.
  • BMC 1892. British Museum Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Ionia. London.
  • D’ANDRIA, F. 2014. Cehennem’den Cennet’e Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Ploutonion. Aziz Philippus’un Mezarı ve Kutsal Alanı. İstanbul.
  • DESCHAMPS, G. / COUSIN, G. 1889. “Lettre de Darius fils d’Hystaspes”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 13: 529-542.
  • DUŠANIĆ, S. 1983/1984. “The ΚΤΙΣΤΙΣ ΜΑΓΝΕΣΙΑΣ, Philip V and the Panhellenic Leukophryena”, Epigraphica 45/46: 11-48.
  • EBERT, J. 1982. “Zur Stiftungsurkunde der ΛΕΥΚΟΦΡΥΗΝΑ in Magnesia am Mäander”, Philologus 126:198-216.
  • HALLETT, Ch. H. 2005. The Roman Nude: Heroic Portrait Statuary 200 BC-AD 300. Oxford.
  • HUMANN, C. / KOHTE, J. / WATZINGER, C. 1904. Magnesia am Maeander. Bericht über die Ausgrabungen der Jahre 1891-1893. Berlin.
  • IMHOOF-BLUMER, F. 1883. Monnaies Grecques. Rist. dell’edizione di Parigi. Leipzig.
  • İREN, K. / KARAGÖZ, Ç. / KASAR, Ö. 2017. Persler Anadolu Kudret ve Görkem. İstanbul.
  • JONES, N. F. 1979. “The Autonomous Wreathed Tetradrachms of Magnesia on Maeander”, The American Numismatic Society 24: 63-109.
  • KERN, O. 1892. “Heroenopfer aus Magnesia am Maiandros”, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung 17: 277-280.
  • KERN, O. 1894. Die Gründungsgeschichte von Magnesia am Maiandros. Eine neue Urkunde. Berlin.
  • KERN, O. 1900. Die Inschriften von Magnesia am Maeander. Berlin.
  • KINNS, P. 2004. “Opucula Anatolica III”, The Numismatic Chronicle. The Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society 164: 71- 107.
  • KINNS, P. 2006. “A New Didrachm of Magnesia on the Maeander”, The Numismatic Chronicle. The Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society 166: 41-47.
  • KÖKDEMİR, G. 2016. “120. Ölüm Yıldönümünde Aydın Vilayeti Müze-i Hümayun Müdür Vekili Démosthènes Baltazzi ve Menderes Magnesiası’ndaki Çalışmaları (1887, 1890)”, TÜBA-AR 19: 291-305.
  • LINFERT, A. 1976 Kunstzentren Hellenistischer Zeit: Studien an Weiblichen Gewandfiguren. Wiesbaden.
  • MAC SWEENEY, N. 2013. Foundation Myths and Politics in Ancient Ionia. New York.
  • MAC SWEENEY, N. 2014. Foundation Myths in Ancient Societies: Dialogues and Discourses. Philadelphia.
  • MENDEL, G. 1914. Catalogue des Sculptures. Grecques, Romaines et Byzantines: Tome II. Constantinople: Musée Impérial.
  • MORTENSEN, E. 2015. “Ktistes: Mythical Founder Hero and Honorary Title for New Heroes”, in: Tradition: Transmission of Culture in the Ancient World. (Eds. J. Fejfer / M. Moltesen / A. Rathje) Acta Hyperborea: Danish Studies in Classical Archaeology, Copenhagen: 213-237.
  • NIKITAS, D. Z. 1981. “Zur Leukipposgeschichte”, Hellenika 33:14-29.
  • POCHMARSKI-NAGELE, M. 1984. “Zum Typus des Apollon Lykeios”, Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien 55: 77-105.
  • PRINZ, F. 1979. Gründungsmythen und Sagenchronologie. München.
  • RATHMAYR, E. 2010. “Die Präsenz des Ktistes Androklos in Ephesos”, Anzeiger der Philosophisch-historischen Klasse (Österreichische Akademie Der Wissenschaften) 145.1: 19-60.
  • RAYET, O. / THOMAS, A. 1877. Milet et le golfe Latmique. Paris.
  • SCHULTZ, S. 1974. “Zur Deutung einiger Münzbilder von Magnesia am Mäander”, Forschungen und Berichte 16, Archäologische Beiträge: 227-237.
  • SCHULTZ, S. 1975. Die Münzpragung Von Magnesia Am Mäander in Der Römischen Kaiserzeit. Berlin.
  • SNG Copenhagen 1946. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, The Danish National Museum, Ionia Part II. Erythrae – Priene.
  • SNG von Aulock 1960. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung von Aulock Ionien 1. 768-2333.
  • SNG Tübingen 1989. Sylloge Nummorum Geraecorum Deutschland, Münzsammlung der Universität Tübingen, MysienIonien, 4. Heft. Nr.2174-3306.
  • SNG München 1995. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Staatlische Münzsammlung München, 20. Heft, Ionien 1. Nr. 1-882.
  • SNG Turkey I 2002. Sylloge Nummorum Geraecorum Deutschland, Turkey I, The Muharrem Kayhan Collection. İstanbul/Bordeaux.
  • SUMI, G. 2004. “Civic Self-representation in the Hellenistic World. The Festival of Artemis Leukophryene in Magnesia on the Maeander”, in: Games and Festivals in Classical Antiquity. (Eds. S. Bell – G. Davies), Proceedings of the Conference Held in Edinburgh 10-12 July 2000. Oxford: 79-92.
  • TEKİN, O. / YILMAZ, M. 2016. “Magnesia Definesi. Bir Ionia Kentinin Hellenistik Dönem Sikkeleri (Magnesia Hoard. Hellenistic Coins of an Ionian City)”, Toplumsal Tarih 272 (August): 24-27.
  • TEKİN, O. 2009. “The Magnesian Hoard. A Preliminary Report”, in: Proceedings of the XIVth International Numismatic Congress. (Ed. N, Holmes) Glasgow 2009. Vol. I: 436- 439.
  • THUR, H. 1995. “Der Ephesische Ktistes Androklos und (s)ein Heroon am Embolos”, Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes 64: 63-103.
  • UNWIN, N. 2017. Caria and Crete in Antiquity: Cultural Interaction between Anatolia and the Aegean. Cambridge.
  • VON GAETRINGEN, F. H. 1894. “Ausgrabungen im Theater von Magnesia am .Maiandros. I. Inschriften”, Mitteilungen des Kaiserlich-Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung Band XIX: 1-53.
  • VON WILAMOWITZ-MOELLENDORFF, U. 1895. “Die Herkunft der Magneten am Maeander”, Hermes 30: 177-198.

THE FOUNDATION MYTH KTISIS OF MAGNESIA ON THE MEANDER AND A STATUE OF LEUKIPPOS KTISTES IN THE LIGHT OF THE NEW RESEARCHES

Year 2018, Issue: 23, 157 - 178, 01.07.2018

Abstract

In excavations between 1890-1893, an important inscription about foundation myth of the city ktisis and the founder of the city, Leukippos ktistes and shows the relationship between Magnesia and the main city Magnesia in Thessaly, the short term residence of Magnesians in Cretan and their migration from there to Anatolia was founded. It is possible to find supplementary information about this migration stated in this inscription and the establishment of the city in the antique sources and documents. Also the scenes found on the coins of Magnesia and which reflects the different details about the foundation myth of the city and its creator hero, the details found on the statues in Magnesia are among these supplementary archaeological foundings. Within this framework, the migration movements of Magnets, who were also mentioned in Homer’s Iliad, from Thessaly to Cretan and from there to Anatolia and the foundation legend of new city with the Apollo’s prophecy in West Anatolia will be focused with the historical, epigraphic and archaeological data with new perspectives. Antik Dönem’de Akdeniz Havzası’ndaki kentlerin kuruluş mitosları ktisis ve kurucu kahramanlarına ktistes yönelik veriler oldukça sınırlıdır1. Çok az kentte gerçek bir kurucu isim ve arkasındaki kuruluş mitosu tam olarak bilinebilmektedir2. Kuruluş mitosları, Antik Dönem’de bir kentin varoluş öyküsü olarak kentin yaşayan somut hafızasına; sikkelerine, yazıtlarına, plastik eserlerine yansımış ve günümüze kadar bu materyaller aracılığı ile antik kaynakların da aktarımlarıyla birlikte bizlere kadar ulaşmıştır. Akdeniz Dünyası’ndaki diğer kentler arasında Menderes Magnesiası, kuruluş mitosunun kurgusunun belirlenmesi açısından, mitosun aktarıldığı yazıtlar, sikkeler, özellikle de bu çalışmada çok önemli bir örnek ile birlikte değerlendireceğimiz heykeltıraşlık eserlerde yansıtılmış olan detaylar ile birlikte diğer kentler arasındaki ayrıcalıklı konumunu almıştır

References

  • BIAGETTI, C. 2010. “Ricerche Sulle Tradizioni di Fondazione di Magnesia al Meandro: Un Aggiornamento,” Klio 92:42-64.
  • BIJOVSKY, G. 2009. “A Unique Coin of Magnesia ad Maeandrum Discovered in Excavations at Neapolis (Nablus), Samaria (Appendix)”, in: Flavia Neapolis: Shechem in the Roman Period (Ed. M. Izchak). Jerusalem: Staff Officer of Archaeology-Civil Administration of Judea and Samaria : Israel Antiquities Authority, Israel: 277-279.
  • BİNGÖL, O. 1998. Magnesia ad Maeandrum, Menderes Magnesiası. Ankara.
  • BİNGÖL, O. 2007. Beyaz Kaşlı Artemis’in Kenti, Menderese Magnesiası, Magnesia ad Maeandrum. İstanbul.
  • BİNGÖL, O. 2008. “Das Apollon-Heiligtum von Hylai in Magnesia nach Pausanias”, Arkeoloji Dergisi XII: 9-18.
  • BLAKELY, S. 2017. Gods, Objects, and Ritual Practice. Atlanta.
  • BMC 1892. British Museum Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Ionia. London.
  • D’ANDRIA, F. 2014. Cehennem’den Cennet’e Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Ploutonion. Aziz Philippus’un Mezarı ve Kutsal Alanı. İstanbul.
  • DESCHAMPS, G. / COUSIN, G. 1889. “Lettre de Darius fils d’Hystaspes”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 13: 529-542.
  • DUŠANIĆ, S. 1983/1984. “The ΚΤΙΣΤΙΣ ΜΑΓΝΕΣΙΑΣ, Philip V and the Panhellenic Leukophryena”, Epigraphica 45/46: 11-48.
  • EBERT, J. 1982. “Zur Stiftungsurkunde der ΛΕΥΚΟΦΡΥΗΝΑ in Magnesia am Mäander”, Philologus 126:198-216.
  • HALLETT, Ch. H. 2005. The Roman Nude: Heroic Portrait Statuary 200 BC-AD 300. Oxford.
  • HUMANN, C. / KOHTE, J. / WATZINGER, C. 1904. Magnesia am Maeander. Bericht über die Ausgrabungen der Jahre 1891-1893. Berlin.
  • IMHOOF-BLUMER, F. 1883. Monnaies Grecques. Rist. dell’edizione di Parigi. Leipzig.
  • İREN, K. / KARAGÖZ, Ç. / KASAR, Ö. 2017. Persler Anadolu Kudret ve Görkem. İstanbul.
  • JONES, N. F. 1979. “The Autonomous Wreathed Tetradrachms of Magnesia on Maeander”, The American Numismatic Society 24: 63-109.
  • KERN, O. 1892. “Heroenopfer aus Magnesia am Maiandros”, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung 17: 277-280.
  • KERN, O. 1894. Die Gründungsgeschichte von Magnesia am Maiandros. Eine neue Urkunde. Berlin.
  • KERN, O. 1900. Die Inschriften von Magnesia am Maeander. Berlin.
  • KINNS, P. 2004. “Opucula Anatolica III”, The Numismatic Chronicle. The Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society 164: 71- 107.
  • KINNS, P. 2006. “A New Didrachm of Magnesia on the Maeander”, The Numismatic Chronicle. The Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society 166: 41-47.
  • KÖKDEMİR, G. 2016. “120. Ölüm Yıldönümünde Aydın Vilayeti Müze-i Hümayun Müdür Vekili Démosthènes Baltazzi ve Menderes Magnesiası’ndaki Çalışmaları (1887, 1890)”, TÜBA-AR 19: 291-305.
  • LINFERT, A. 1976 Kunstzentren Hellenistischer Zeit: Studien an Weiblichen Gewandfiguren. Wiesbaden.
  • MAC SWEENEY, N. 2013. Foundation Myths and Politics in Ancient Ionia. New York.
  • MAC SWEENEY, N. 2014. Foundation Myths in Ancient Societies: Dialogues and Discourses. Philadelphia.
  • MENDEL, G. 1914. Catalogue des Sculptures. Grecques, Romaines et Byzantines: Tome II. Constantinople: Musée Impérial.
  • MORTENSEN, E. 2015. “Ktistes: Mythical Founder Hero and Honorary Title for New Heroes”, in: Tradition: Transmission of Culture in the Ancient World. (Eds. J. Fejfer / M. Moltesen / A. Rathje) Acta Hyperborea: Danish Studies in Classical Archaeology, Copenhagen: 213-237.
  • NIKITAS, D. Z. 1981. “Zur Leukipposgeschichte”, Hellenika 33:14-29.
  • POCHMARSKI-NAGELE, M. 1984. “Zum Typus des Apollon Lykeios”, Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien 55: 77-105.
  • PRINZ, F. 1979. Gründungsmythen und Sagenchronologie. München.
  • RATHMAYR, E. 2010. “Die Präsenz des Ktistes Androklos in Ephesos”, Anzeiger der Philosophisch-historischen Klasse (Österreichische Akademie Der Wissenschaften) 145.1: 19-60.
  • RAYET, O. / THOMAS, A. 1877. Milet et le golfe Latmique. Paris.
  • SCHULTZ, S. 1974. “Zur Deutung einiger Münzbilder von Magnesia am Mäander”, Forschungen und Berichte 16, Archäologische Beiträge: 227-237.
  • SCHULTZ, S. 1975. Die Münzpragung Von Magnesia Am Mäander in Der Römischen Kaiserzeit. Berlin.
  • SNG Copenhagen 1946. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, The Danish National Museum, Ionia Part II. Erythrae – Priene.
  • SNG von Aulock 1960. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung von Aulock Ionien 1. 768-2333.
  • SNG Tübingen 1989. Sylloge Nummorum Geraecorum Deutschland, Münzsammlung der Universität Tübingen, MysienIonien, 4. Heft. Nr.2174-3306.
  • SNG München 1995. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Staatlische Münzsammlung München, 20. Heft, Ionien 1. Nr. 1-882.
  • SNG Turkey I 2002. Sylloge Nummorum Geraecorum Deutschland, Turkey I, The Muharrem Kayhan Collection. İstanbul/Bordeaux.
  • SUMI, G. 2004. “Civic Self-representation in the Hellenistic World. The Festival of Artemis Leukophryene in Magnesia on the Maeander”, in: Games and Festivals in Classical Antiquity. (Eds. S. Bell – G. Davies), Proceedings of the Conference Held in Edinburgh 10-12 July 2000. Oxford: 79-92.
  • TEKİN, O. / YILMAZ, M. 2016. “Magnesia Definesi. Bir Ionia Kentinin Hellenistik Dönem Sikkeleri (Magnesia Hoard. Hellenistic Coins of an Ionian City)”, Toplumsal Tarih 272 (August): 24-27.
  • TEKİN, O. 2009. “The Magnesian Hoard. A Preliminary Report”, in: Proceedings of the XIVth International Numismatic Congress. (Ed. N, Holmes) Glasgow 2009. Vol. I: 436- 439.
  • THUR, H. 1995. “Der Ephesische Ktistes Androklos und (s)ein Heroon am Embolos”, Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes 64: 63-103.
  • UNWIN, N. 2017. Caria and Crete in Antiquity: Cultural Interaction between Anatolia and the Aegean. Cambridge.
  • VON GAETRINGEN, F. H. 1894. “Ausgrabungen im Theater von Magnesia am .Maiandros. I. Inschriften”, Mitteilungen des Kaiserlich-Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung Band XIX: 1-53.
  • VON WILAMOWITZ-MOELLENDORFF, U. 1895. “Die Herkunft der Magneten am Maeander”, Hermes 30: 177-198.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Authors

Görkem Kökdemir This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 23

Cite

APA Kökdemir, G. (2018). YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, 23, 157-178. https://izlik.org/JA98ER59XJ
AMA 1.Kökdemir G. YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ. TÜBA-AR. 2018;(23):157-178. https://izlik.org/JA98ER59XJ
Chicago Kökdemir, Görkem. 2018. “YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, nos. 23: 157-78. https://izlik.org/JA98ER59XJ.
EndNote Kökdemir G (July 1, 2018) YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 23 157–178.
IEEE [1]G. Kökdemir, “YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ”, TÜBA-AR, no. 23, pp. 157–178, July 2018, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA98ER59XJ
ISNAD Kökdemir, Görkem. “YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi. 23 (July 1, 2018): 157-178. https://izlik.org/JA98ER59XJ.
JAMA 1.Kökdemir G. YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ. TÜBA-AR. 2018;:157–178.
MLA Kökdemir, Görkem. “YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 23, July 2018, pp. 157-78, https://izlik.org/JA98ER59XJ.
Vancouver 1.Kökdemir G. YENİ DEĞERLENDİRMELER IŞIĞINDA MENDERES MAGNESIASI KURULUŞ MİTOSU KTISIS VE LEUKIPPOS KTISTES HEYKELİ. TÜBA-AR [Internet]. 2018 July 1;(23):157-78. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA98ER59XJ

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