YENİ ARKEOLOJİK ÇALIŞMALARIN IŞIĞINDA AVRASYALI GÖÇEBE/SAVAŞÇI TOPLUMLARIN HAYATINDA EVCİL HAYVANLARIN ROLÜ

Year 2018, Issue: 22, 19 - 33, 01.01.2018

Farshid Farshid Iravani Ghadim

Abstract

MÖ 4. binyılda kuzey Hazar denizi çevresinde ki düzlüklerde yerleşmiş olan göçebe hayvan yetiştiricisi insan grupları anlaşıldığı kadarı ile MÖ 2. bin yıldaki yaşanan çevresel felaketlerden kaçmak ve daha iyi otlaklar bulmak amacı ile uzun mesafeli göçler yapmak zorunda kalmışlardır. Bu göçlerin tarihi açıdan olağanüstü niteliktedirler vardır ve bir kaç yeniliği barındırırlar. Pastorik göçebeliğin genişlemesi ile, hayvan-insan etkileşiminde belli bazı değişiklikler olmaya başlamış ve hayvancılığın da gelişmesi ile ilgili kültürlerde ekonomik, sosyal ve klas sistemlerinin temelleri atımış dolayısı ile yeni sanat tarzları gözlenmeye başlamıştır. Hayatlarının göçebe karakteri göz önüne alındığında, Avrasyalı göçebe/savaşçı grupların kültürleri ile hala bazı cevaplanmamış sorular vardır. Bu çalışma, vak’a incelemelerine dayanarak, çevre şartlarının, faunanın ve hayvanların bu kültürlerin geçim sistemleri ve sanat başta olmak üzere sosyal düzen ve klas yapısı üzerinde ki etkilerini incelemeye çalışacaktır.

Keywords

Avrasya Göçebe Savaşçı Grupları, Çevresel Krizler, Pastoral Geçim, Çevre, Hayvan Çeşitliliği

THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN THE LIFE OF EURASIAN NOMADIC WARRIOR GROUPS IN LIGHT OF RECENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Abstract

A mobile group of stockbreeders who in the 4th millennium BC inhabited the steppes of northern Caspian Sea was apparently forced to undertake far-distance migrations in search of better pastures by the environmental crises of the 2nd millennium BC. These migrations had tremendously significant historical implications and brought about several innovations. With the expansion of nomadic pastoralism, new form of human-animal interaction in virtue of particular physical and behavioral characteristics and capabilities of livestock was developed and began to lay the basis for economic, social and class systems as well as art style of the respective communities. Given the nomadic character of their life, there still remain several questions about the culture of the Eurasian nomadic warrior groups, and the present work, building on case studies, attempts to examine the impacts of the environment and fauna diversity on and the role of animals in the subsistence system and the art as well as the social systems and classes of these groups

Keywords

Eurasian Nomadic Warrior Groups, Environmental Crises, Pastoral Subsistence, Environment

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