KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER

Abdulvahap Onur Bamyacı

KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER

Year 2018, Issue: 23, 11 - 28, 01.07.2018

Abstract

Antik Troas bölgesinin önemli bir kutsal alanı olan Smintheion bünyesinde yapılan arkeolojik kazılar sırasındaortaya çıkan Erken Kalkolitik 2 Gülpınar II ve Orta Kalkolitik Dönem Gülpınar III yerleşimleri Batı Anadolusürtme taş tipolojisi hakkında önemli yeni veriler sunmaktadır. Her iki Kalkolitik kültür katmanında gün ışığınaçıkarılan sürtme taş alet ve objelerin tipolojik değerlendirilmesi sonucunda ilk kez Kuzeybatı Anadolu bölgesininsürtme taş alet repertuarında daha önce pek bilinmeyen ve Anadolu arkeolojisinde ünik sayılabilecek bazı yenialet ve obje tiplerinin varlığı dikkat çekmiştir. Bu çalışmada ele alınan Gülpınar buluntusu yivli ve çentikli taşağırlıkların işlevleri konusunda özellikle Kuzey Amerika ve Okyanusya kültürlerine ait etnografik verileri değerlibakış açıları sunmaktadır. Genellikle tezgâh ağırlığı olarak tanımlanan ve kullanım fonksiyonları tartışmalı olan butip objelerin etnografik analoji yaklaşımı ile kullanım fonksiyonlarının prehistorik olta ve ağ balıkçılığında batıraktaşları olarak kullanıldığı ileri sürülebilir. Balıkçılık aktiviteleri ile ilgili arkeolojik direk veriler oldukça az olmasınarağmen Kalkolitik Gülpınar taş ağırlıkların bir kısmının in situ bir şekilde deniz kabuğu yığınları ile depolanmışolarak bulunmuş olması taş ağırlıkların ağ batırak taşları olarak kullanımı görüşünü desteklemektedir. Etnografikanaloji yanı sıra Yakın Doğu, Ege ve Batı Anadolu’dan çeşitli buluntu yerlerindeki benzer örneklerle karşılaştırılanbatırak taşlarının Anadolu sürtme taş repertuarına dâhil edilerek ilk defa tipolojik olarak sınıflandırılmasıgerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile tanıtılan batırak taşları gibi yeni buluntu tipleri ve formların prehistorikinsanların avlanma geleneklerinde kullandıkları objelerin işlevlerine yönelik katkı sunması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Yivli Taş Ağırlık, Batırak Taşı, Kuzeydoğu Ege, Kalkolitik Gülpınar

References

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SOME SUGGESTIONS ON THE FUNCTION OF THE STONE WEIGHTS FROM CHALCOLITHIC GÜLPINAR

Year 2018, Issue: 23, 11 - 28, 01.07.2018

Abdulvahap Onur Bamyacı

Abstract

The Early Chalcolithic 2 Gülpınar II and Middle Chalcolithic period Gülpınar III settlements identified at Smintheion Sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus in the southwestern corner of the modern Biga Peninsula ancient Troad in north-western Anatolia have revealed new evidence regarding ground stone tool typology. Evaluation of the ground stone tool assemblages from these two consecutive Chalcolithic phases at Gülpınar have resulted in identification of a unique class of tools that could be considered as stone weights or net sinkers. Such tools were previously unknown in the archaeological record of northwestern Anatolia. This assemblage of ground stone tools is examined here via ethnographic analogy based on parallels with North America and Oceania, where they were mainly classified as sinkers for fishing lines and nets. The function of these tools is controversial because they have often been identified as loom weights or miscellaneous objects in studies of western Anatolian archaeology because direct evidence for fishing gear is relatively scarce. For the first time, these Chalcolithic Gülpınar stone weights, found in situ along with a pile of shells, support the opinion of them being used as net sinkers. Beside ethnographic analogy, other examples reported from various sites in the Near East, Aegean, and Anatolia were also examined in order to explain the function of these ground stone tools. This study also proposes that the sinker stones of Chalcolithic Gülpınar could be added to Anatolian ground stone typology. It is hoped that these tools will contribute to our understanding of long-term conventions in the fishing methods of prehistoric people and in the functional use and variability of these objects

Keywords

Grooved Stone Weight, Sinker Stone, Northeast Aegean, Chalcolithic Gülpınar

References

BAMYACI, A. O. 2017. Prehistorik Gülpınar (Smintheion) Yerleşimi Sürtme Taş Alet ve Objeler: Tipolojik, Teknolojik ve Fonksiyonel Bir Yaklaşım (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Çanakkale.
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BATES, O. 1917. Ancient Egyptian Fishing. Cambridge.
BEASLEY, H. G. 1921. “Some Polynesian Cuttlefish Baits”, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 51: 100-114.
BERGSVIK, K. A. 2017. “Mesolithic Soapstone Line-sinkers in Western Norway: Chronology, Acquisition, Distribution, Function and Decoration”, Soapstone in the North. Quarries, Products and People 7000 BC-AD 1700, (Eds. G. Hansen/ P. Storemyr). Norway: 73-92.
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BEST, E. 1929. Fishing Methods and Devices of the Maori. Wellington.
BINFORD, L. R. 1968. “Methodological Considerations of the archeological Use of Ethnographic Data”, Man the Hunter, (Eds. I. DeVore/ R. B. Lee). Chicago: 268-273.
BREWER, D. J./ FRIEDMAN, R. 1989. Fish and Fishing in Ancient Egypt. Caira.
BRIGHAM, W. T. 1902. Stone Implements and Stone Work of the Ancient Hawaiians. Honolulu.
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CLELAND, C. E. 1982. “The Inland Shore Fishery of the Northern Great Lakes: Its Development and Importance in Prehistory”, American Antiquity 47: 761-784.
DAVID, N. / KRAMER, C. 2001. Ethnoarchaeology in Action. Cambridge de CONTENSON, H. 1992.
Préhistoire de Ras Shamra: Text, Figures et Planches: Ras Shamra-Ougarit VIII, Vol. 1 and 2. Paris.
ELSASSER, A. B. 1958. “The Surface Archaeology of Site 26-Pe-5.Some Archaeological Sites in Western Nevada”, The Surface Archaeology of Site 26-Pe-5., 26-51.
EMORY, K. P. / BONK, W. J. / SINOTO, Y. H. 1959. Hawaiian Archaeology: Fishhooks Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 47. Honolulu.
ERDOĞU, B. 2013. “Ugurlu: A Neolithic Settlement on the Aegean Island of Gökceada”, The Neolithic in Turkey V: Northwestern Turkey and Istanbul, (Eds. M. Ozdogan/ N. Başgelen/ P. Kuniholm). İstanbul: 1-33.
EVANS, J. D. / RENFREW, C. 1968. Excavations at Saliagos near Antiparos, The British School at Athens. Supplementary Volumes: 5. London.
FAHLANDER, F. 2004. “Archaeology and Anthropology: Brothers in Arms?- On Analogies in 21st Century Archaeology”, Material Culture and other Things-Post-disciplinary Studies in the 21st Century, 157–180.
GALILI, E. / ROSEN, B. / SHARVIT, J. 2002. “Fishing-Gear Sinkers Recovered from an Underwater Wreckage Site, off the Carmel Coast, Israel”, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 31: 182-201.
GALILI, E. / WEINSTEIN-EVRON, M. / HERSHKOVITZ, I. / GOPHER, A. / KISLEV, M. / LERNAU, O. / KOLSKA-HORWITZ, L. / LERNAU, H. 1993. “Atlit-Yam: A Prehistoric Site on the Sea Floor off the Israeli Coast”, Journal of Field Archaeology 20: 133-157.
GARDNER, E. W./ CATON-THOMPSON, G. 1926. “The Recent Geology and Neolithic Industry of the Northern Fayum Desert”, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 56: 301-323.
GIMBUTAS, M. A. 1991. The Civilization of the Goddess: The world of Old Europe. San Francisco.
GREEN, R./ DAVIDSON, J. M. 1969. Archaeology in Western Samoa. 1. Auckland.
HARRINGTON, M. R. 1922. Cherokee and Earlier Remains on Upper Tennessee River. New York.
HEURTLEY, W. A. 1939. Prehistoric Macedonia. Cambridge.
HIROA, T. R. 1930. Samoan Material Culture. Honolulu.
HÜRYILMAZ, H. 2006. “Gökçeada-Yenibademli Topluluğunun Erken Bronz Çağında Karma Besin Ekonomisi”, Hayat Erkanal’a Armağan : Kültürlerin Yansıması / Studies in honor of Hayat Erkanal : Cultural Reflections, (Eds. A. Öktü/ H. Erkanal/ B. Avunç). İstanbul: 430-439.
JACOBSEN, T. W. 1973. “Excavation in the Franchthi Cave, 1969-1971, Part I”, Hesperia 42: 45-88.
KARAKULAK, F. S. / ORAY, I. K. 2009. “Remarks on the Fluctuations of Bluefin Tuna Catches in Turkish Waters”, Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 63: 153-160.
KARALİ, L. 1999. Shells in Aegean Prehistory. Oxford.
KENT, K. P. / NELSON, S. M. 1976. “Net Sinkers or Weft Weights?”, Current Anthropology 17: 152.
KIDDER, J. E. 1966. Japan Before Buddhism Ancient peoples and places 10. New York.
KUANG-TI, L. 2002. “Prehistoric Marine Fishing Adaptation in Southern Taiwan”, Journal of East Asian Archaeology 3: 47-74.
MARDER, O. / BITON, R. / BOARETTO, E. / FEIBEL, C. / MELAMED, Y. / MIENIS, H. K. / RABINOVICH, R. / I., Z. / SHARON, G. 2015. “Jordan River Dureijat - A New Epipalaeolithic Site in the Upper Jordan Valley”, Journal of The Israel Prehistoric Society 45: 5-30.
MELLAART, J. 1970. Excavations at Hacılar (1) Edinburgh.
MERMERCI, D. / KAYA, V. 1998. “Bir Grup Preshitorik Alet Kolleksiyonu”, Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi 1989 Yıllığı 16-41.
MILES, C. 1963. Indian and Eskimo Artifacts of North America. New York.
MOORE, A. M. T. 2000. “Stone and Other Artifacts”, Village on the Euphrates: from Foraging to Farming at Abu Hureyra, (Eds. A. M. T. Moore/ G. C. Hillman/ A. J. Legge). Oxford: 165-188.
MUNRO, N. G. 1911. Prehistoric Japan. Yokohama.
NADEL, D./ ZAIDNER, Y. 2002. “Upper Pleistocene and Mid-Holocene Net Sinkers from the Sea of Galilee, Israel”, Journal of The Israel Prehistoric Society 32: 49-71.
ÖZDEMİR, A. 2013. Kalkolitik Smintheion (Gülpınar) Yerleşi̇mi̇nde Hasırcılık ve Dokumacılık. Çanakkale.
ÖZDEMİR, A. 2012. “Kalkolitik Smintheion (Gülpınar)’da Dokumacılık ve Hasırcılık”, Anadolu/Anatolia 38: 139-153.
ÖZGÜNEL, C. 2003. “Das Heiligtum Des Apollon Smintheus und Die İlias”, Studia Troica 13: 261-291.
ÖZGÜNEL, C. 2001. Smintheion : Troas’da Kutsal Bir Alan, Gülpınar’daki Apollon Smintheus Tapınağı. Ankara.
ÖZGÜNEL, C. 2013. Smintheion: Apollon Smintheusun İzinde. İstanbul.
PAPPA, M. / BESIOS, M. 1999. “The Neolithic Settlement at Makriyalos, Northern Greece: Preliminary Report on the 1993-1995 Excavations”, Journal of Field Archaeology 26: 177-195.
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There are 82 citations in total.

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Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Abdulvahap Onur Bamyacı
Publication Date	July 1, 2018
Published in Issue	Year 2018 Issue: 23

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APA	Bamyacı, A. O. (2018). KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi(23), 11-28.
AMA	Bamyacı AO. KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER. TÜBA-AR. July 2018;(23):11-28.
Chicago	Bamyacı, Abdulvahap Onur. “KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 23 (July 2018): 11-28.
EndNote	Bamyacı AO (July 1, 2018) KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 23 11–28.
IEEE	A. O. Bamyacı, “KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER”, TÜBA-AR, no. 23, pp. 11–28, July 2018.
ISNAD	Bamyacı, Abdulvahap Onur. “KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 23 (July 2018), 11-28.
JAMA	Bamyacı AO. KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER. TÜBA-AR. 2018;:11–28.
MLA	Bamyacı, Abdulvahap Onur. “KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 23, 2018, pp. 11-28.
Vancouver	Bamyacı AO. KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR TAŞ AĞIRLIKLARININ İŞLEVİNE YÖNELİK ÖNERİLER. TÜBA-AR. 2018(23):11-28.

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