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HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER

Year 2019, Issue: 25, 77 - 84, 01.03.2019

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the place of locusts in Hittite culture by comparing the Mesopotamian and Egyptian samples. Locusts appear in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian texts as an expression of multiplicity or in texts including locust invasions. In Hittite documents, the word is written with its Sumerian equivalent, BURU5, or Hittite equivalent maša-. The documents that include the expression locust are letters, prayers, ritual texts, mythological texts and omens. It is commonly seen to be included in religious texts. In addition, a letter mentioning that Kaškaeans’ grain was eaten by locusts is the only document in the Hittite archives that shows the concrete example of locust invasion. The less frequent mention of invasions suggests that documents mentioning them may have been written on wooden tablets.

References

  • ALP, S. 1991. Maşat-Höyük’te Bulunan Çivi Yazılı Hitit Tabletleri / Hethitische Keilschrifttafeln aus Maşat-Höyük. Ankara.
  • BOROWSKI, O. 2002. “Animals in the Literatures of Syria-Palestine” A History of the Animal World in the Ancient Near East (Ed. B. J. Collins). Leiden-Boston-Köln: 289-306.
  • BRYCE, T. 2009. The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia. The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. London-New York.
  • DARDANO, P. 2006. Die hethitischen Tontafelkataloge aus Ḫattuša (CTH 276-282) (StBoT 47). Wiesbaden.
  • FUSCAGNI, F. 2012sqq. “Fragment eines eliminatorischen Analogierituals mit Erwähnung des „Roten Flusses“ und des MaraššantaFlusses (CTH 458.6)” hethiter.net/: CTH 458.6.
  • HAWKINS, J. D. 2000. Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions, I. Inscriptions of the Iron Age. Berlin-New York.
  • VAN DEN HOUT, TH. P. J. 2013. “Hitit Krallığı ve İmparatorluğu’nun Kısa Tarihi/A Short History of the Hittite Kingdom” Hititler, Bir Anadolu İmparatorluğu/Hittites An Anatolian Empire (Eds. M. Doğan-Alparslan/M. Alparslan). İstanbul: 22-44.
  • HUNGER, H. 1972–75. “Heuschrecke”, Reallexicon der Assyriologie 4: 389-390.
  • KELHOFFER, J. A. 2004. “Did John the Baptist Eat Like a Former Essene? Locust-Eating in the Ancient Near East and at Qumran”, Dead Sea Discoveries 11/3: 293-314.
  • KENAWY, M. A./ABDEL-HAMİD, Y. M. 2015. “Insects in ancient (Pharaonic) Egypt: a review of fauna, their mythological and religious significance and associated diseases” Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences 8/1: 15-32.
  • KOCH-WESTENHOLZ, U. 1993. “Mesopotamian Astrology at Ḫattuša”, Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Beiträge zum 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposium, 23.-27. September 1991, (Grazer Morgenländische Studien 3) (Ed. H. D. Galter). Gratz: 231-246.
  • LAROCHE, E. 1960. Les Hiéroglyphes Hittites. Paris.
  • LEWIS, S./LLEWLLYN-JONES, L. 2018. The Culture of Animals in Antiquity. A Sourcebook with Commentaries. London-New York.
  • PARPOLA, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I:letters from Assyria and the West (State Archives of Assyria 1). Helsinki.
  • POETTO, M. 1991. “Ad Tocharian B karse “hart, deer” and Hittite karšaš “locust, grasshopper””, Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 5: 57-60.
  • PRINGRUBER, R. 2014. “Plagues and Prices: Locust”, Documentary Sources in Ancient Near Eastern and Greco-Roman Economic History Methodology and Practice (Eds. H. D. Baker/M. Jursa). Oxford-Philadelphia: 163-186.
  • PUHVEL, J. 2004. “Bunch of Grapes, Swarm of Locusts”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 56: 127-128.
  • RADNER, R. 2004. “Fressen und gefressen werden. Heuschrecken als Katastrophe und Delikatesse im Alten Vorderen Orient”, Die Welt des Orients 34: 7-22.
  • RIEKEN, E. et al 2009sqq. a “CTH 348.I.24 – Das Ḫedammu-Lied” hethiter.net/: CTH 348.I.24.
  • RIEKEN, E. et al 2009sqq. b “CTH 370.I.25 - Mythologisches Fragment” hethiter. net/: CTH 370.I.25.
  • RIEMSCHNEIDER, K. K. 2004. Die akkadischen und hethitischen Omentexte aus Boğazköy (DBH 12). Dresden.
  • SAYED, M. R. 2018. “Locust and its signification in Ptolemaic texts”, Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences 3/4: 584-588.
  • STRECK, M. 1916. Assurbanipal und die letzten assyrischen Könige bis zum Untergange Niniveh’s. II. Teil: Texte. Die Inscriften Assurbanipals und der letzten assyrischen Könige. Leipzig.
  • SYMINGTON, D. 1991. “Late Bronz Age Writing-Boards and Their Uses: Textual Evidence from Anatolia and Syria”, Anatolian Studies 41: 111-123.
  • TRABAZO, G. J. V. 2002. Textos religiosos hititas. Mitos, plegarias y rituales. Madrid.
  • TEETER, E. 2002. “Animals in Egyptian Literature”, A History of the Animal World in the Ancient Near East (Ed. B. J. Collins). Leiden-Boston-Köln: 251-270.
  • ÜNAL, A. 1977. “M. Ö. II. Binyıl Anadolu’sunda Doğal Âfetler”, Belleten 41/163: 423-472.

LOCUSTS IN THE HITTITE CULTURE

Year 2019, Issue: 25, 77 - 84, 01.03.2019

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the place of locusts in Hittite culture by comparing the Mesopotamian and Egyptian samples. Locusts appear in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian texts as an expression of multiplicity or in texts including locust invasions. In Hittite documents, the word is written with its Sumerian equivalent, BURU5, or Hittite equivalent maša-. The documents that include the expression locust are letters, prayers, ritual texts, mythological texts and omens. It is commonly seen to be included in religious texts. In addition, a letter mentioning that Kaškaeans’ grain was eaten by locusts is the only document in the Hittite archives that shows the concrete example of locust invasion. The less frequent mention of invasions suggests that documents mentioning them may have been written on wooden tablets

References

  • ALP, S. 1991. Maşat-Höyük’te Bulunan Çivi Yazılı Hitit Tabletleri / Hethitische Keilschrifttafeln aus Maşat-Höyük. Ankara.
  • BOROWSKI, O. 2002. “Animals in the Literatures of Syria-Palestine” A History of the Animal World in the Ancient Near East (Ed. B. J. Collins). Leiden-Boston-Köln: 289-306.
  • BRYCE, T. 2009. The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia. The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. London-New York.
  • DARDANO, P. 2006. Die hethitischen Tontafelkataloge aus Ḫattuša (CTH 276-282) (StBoT 47). Wiesbaden.
  • FUSCAGNI, F. 2012sqq. “Fragment eines eliminatorischen Analogierituals mit Erwähnung des „Roten Flusses“ und des MaraššantaFlusses (CTH 458.6)” hethiter.net/: CTH 458.6.
  • HAWKINS, J. D. 2000. Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions, I. Inscriptions of the Iron Age. Berlin-New York.
  • VAN DEN HOUT, TH. P. J. 2013. “Hitit Krallığı ve İmparatorluğu’nun Kısa Tarihi/A Short History of the Hittite Kingdom” Hititler, Bir Anadolu İmparatorluğu/Hittites An Anatolian Empire (Eds. M. Doğan-Alparslan/M. Alparslan). İstanbul: 22-44.
  • HUNGER, H. 1972–75. “Heuschrecke”, Reallexicon der Assyriologie 4: 389-390.
  • KELHOFFER, J. A. 2004. “Did John the Baptist Eat Like a Former Essene? Locust-Eating in the Ancient Near East and at Qumran”, Dead Sea Discoveries 11/3: 293-314.
  • KENAWY, M. A./ABDEL-HAMİD, Y. M. 2015. “Insects in ancient (Pharaonic) Egypt: a review of fauna, their mythological and religious significance and associated diseases” Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences 8/1: 15-32.
  • KOCH-WESTENHOLZ, U. 1993. “Mesopotamian Astrology at Ḫattuša”, Die Rolle der Astronomie in den Kulturen Mesopotamiens. Beiträge zum 3. Grazer Morgenländischen Symposium, 23.-27. September 1991, (Grazer Morgenländische Studien 3) (Ed. H. D. Galter). Gratz: 231-246.
  • LAROCHE, E. 1960. Les Hiéroglyphes Hittites. Paris.
  • LEWIS, S./LLEWLLYN-JONES, L. 2018. The Culture of Animals in Antiquity. A Sourcebook with Commentaries. London-New York.
  • PARPOLA, S. 1987. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part I:letters from Assyria and the West (State Archives of Assyria 1). Helsinki.
  • POETTO, M. 1991. “Ad Tocharian B karse “hart, deer” and Hittite karšaš “locust, grasshopper””, Tocharian and Indo-European Studies 5: 57-60.
  • PRINGRUBER, R. 2014. “Plagues and Prices: Locust”, Documentary Sources in Ancient Near Eastern and Greco-Roman Economic History Methodology and Practice (Eds. H. D. Baker/M. Jursa). Oxford-Philadelphia: 163-186.
  • PUHVEL, J. 2004. “Bunch of Grapes, Swarm of Locusts”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 56: 127-128.
  • RADNER, R. 2004. “Fressen und gefressen werden. Heuschrecken als Katastrophe und Delikatesse im Alten Vorderen Orient”, Die Welt des Orients 34: 7-22.
  • RIEKEN, E. et al 2009sqq. a “CTH 348.I.24 – Das Ḫedammu-Lied” hethiter.net/: CTH 348.I.24.
  • RIEKEN, E. et al 2009sqq. b “CTH 370.I.25 - Mythologisches Fragment” hethiter. net/: CTH 370.I.25.
  • RIEMSCHNEIDER, K. K. 2004. Die akkadischen und hethitischen Omentexte aus Boğazköy (DBH 12). Dresden.
  • SAYED, M. R. 2018. “Locust and its signification in Ptolemaic texts”, Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences 3/4: 584-588.
  • STRECK, M. 1916. Assurbanipal und die letzten assyrischen Könige bis zum Untergange Niniveh’s. II. Teil: Texte. Die Inscriften Assurbanipals und der letzten assyrischen Könige. Leipzig.
  • SYMINGTON, D. 1991. “Late Bronz Age Writing-Boards and Their Uses: Textual Evidence from Anatolia and Syria”, Anatolian Studies 41: 111-123.
  • TRABAZO, G. J. V. 2002. Textos religiosos hititas. Mitos, plegarias y rituales. Madrid.
  • TEETER, E. 2002. “Animals in Egyptian Literature”, A History of the Animal World in the Ancient Near East (Ed. B. J. Collins). Leiden-Boston-Köln: 251-270.
  • ÜNAL, A. 1977. “M. Ö. II. Binyıl Anadolu’sunda Doğal Âfetler”, Belleten 41/163: 423-472.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatma Kaynar This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 25

Cite

APA Kaynar, F. (2019). HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi(25), 77-84.
AMA Kaynar F. HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER. TÜBA-AR. March 2019;(25):77-84.
Chicago Kaynar, Fatma. “HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 25 (March 2019): 77-84.
EndNote Kaynar F (March 1, 2019) HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 25 77–84.
IEEE F. Kaynar, “HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER”, TÜBA-AR, no. 25, pp. 77–84, March 2019.
ISNAD Kaynar, Fatma. “HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 25 (March 2019), 77-84.
JAMA Kaynar F. HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER. TÜBA-AR. 2019;:77–84.
MLA Kaynar, Fatma. “HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, no. 25, 2019, pp. 77-84.
Vancouver Kaynar F. HİTİT KÜLTÜRÜNDE ÇEKİRGELER. TÜBA-AR. 2019(25):77-84.

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