The first settlement around Ephesus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, dates back to the 7th millennium BC. Ephesus was an important port city of Ionia in the Ancient Period. It was the capital of the Province of Asia in the Roman Imperial Age. Ephesus was moved to Ayasuluk Hill, where the Church of Saint John was located in the 7th century AD. The Turkish Period began in Ayasuluk after 1304. The castle city became the capital of Aydınoğulları between 1348-1390 under the name "Ayasuluk" and grew with the opportunities of port and trade. During this period, numerous mosques, baths, zawiyas, and tombs were built in Ayasuluk, including the famous Isa Bey Mosque. Some of these buildings stood until the 1700s, some were destroyed over time, some remained intact but their names have been forgotten. The article focuses on two structures located south of Ayasuluk Castle and southeast of Isa Bey Mosque, between Kiliçaslan and Alpaslan mosques.
These two structures were unknown before. The main elements of the article are the engravings and photographs of the period when the structures were standing. Three engravings of 1673, 1680 and 1845, photographs of 1872, 1890 and 1915, and Ayasuluk maps of 1896-97 help us to identify these structures.
The purpose of this article is to identify two buildings in the city center of Ayasuluk, an important component of Ephesus, using engravings and photographs of travelers. For this purpose, the documents left by the travelers are examined and detailed chronologically. Suggestions regarding the identity of the structures have been proposed and efforts have been made to date them by investigating similarities between them.
UNESCO Dünya Kültür Mirası Efes’in çevresindeki ilk yerleşim MÖ 7. bine kadar inmektedir. Efes, Antik Dö¬nem’de İonia’nın önemli liman kentlerinden biri ve Roma İmparatorluk Çağı’nda Asia Eyaleti’nin başkentidir. MS 7. yüzyılda Aziz Yuhanna Kilisesi’nin olduğu Ayasuluk Tepesi’ne taşınan Bizans Dönemi Efesi’nde 1304 yılından sonra Türk Dönemi başlamıştır. Kale kent “Ayasuluk” adıyla 1348-1390 yılları arasında Aydınoğulları Beyliği’nin başkenti olmuş ve bu dönemde liman ve ticaretin olanaklarıyla büyümüştür. Bu dönemde Ayasuluk’ta başta İsabey Camii olmak üzere çok sayıda mescit, hamam, zaviye ve türbe inşa edilmiştir. 1700 yıllarına kadar ayakta kalabilen bu yapıların bazıları zaman içinde yıkılmış, bazılarının isimleri unutulmuş olsa da sağlam kalabilmiştir.
Bu makalede konumuzu oluşturan iki yapı Ayasuluk Dış Kalesi’nin dışında (güneyinde) kent merkezinde İsabey Camii’nin güney-doğusunda Kılıçaslan ile Alpaslan mescitlerinin arasında yer alan ve şimdiye kadar bilinmeyen iki yapıdır. Yapıların ayakta olduğu döneme ait gravür ve fotoğraflar makalemizin ana unsurları olmuştur. 1673, 1680 ve1845 yıllarına ait üç gravür ile 1872, 1890 ve 1915 yıllarına ait fotoğraflar ve 1896-97 yıllarına ait Ayasuluk haritaları bu yapıları tanımamıza yardımcı olmuşlardır.
Makalemizin amacı, Efes’in önemli bir bileşeni olan Ayasuluk kent merkezindeki iki yapıyı gezginlerinin gravürleri ve fotoğraflarından yararlanarak tanımlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaçla gezginlerin bıraktığı belgeler kronolojik olarak ele alınmış ve detaylandırılmıştır. Daha sonra yapıların kimliğiyle ilgili öneriler getirilmiş ve benzerlikler araştırılarak tarihlenmelerine çalışılmıştır.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Archaeology |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Early Pub Date | July 14, 2023 |
Publication Date | August 1, 2023 |
Submission Date | April 1, 2023 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 Issue: 32 |
Publisher
Vedat Dalokay Caddesi No: 112 Çankaya 06670 ANKARA
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