Recently, the increase in interdisciplinary relations in social sciences has led to the development and prominence of some different branches of science. One of them is ethnoarchaeology. Ethnoarcheology is no longer merely the comparison of archaeological materials with ethnographic materials, but has also begun to document the life similarities of geography and climate of human communities that inhabited the same region at different times. For this reason, it differs from ethnography.
Although it does not show as much density as in the Mediterranean geography, excavations have been carried out for a long time about the nomadic cultures that existed in the Altai and Tanrı Mountains. The economy of these regions, which we can call relatively isolated, is still on animal husbandry, as it was in the Ancient and Middle Ages. Although the number of families continuing the nomadic life is about to decrease, when the lives of the existing ones are examined, it is understood that they are not much different from the Gök Turks who threatened the Tang period or the Scythian communities that invaded Urartu.
The study is on the interpretation of archaeological materials from a Mongolian family living in the Hövsgöl region (aymak) in northwest Mongolia. Although some examples in the article are data from different geographies, it will generally aim to determine the connection of the nomads’ lifestyle with the past. In particular, the route they follow in seasonal migration movements, the time and activities spent at the selected points have been tried to be expressed.
Ethnoarchaeology Mongolia Eurasian archeology Gok Turk nomadic culture Altai mountains Tian Shan mountains
Son zamanlarda sosyal bilimlerde disiplinler ilişkilerin artması, bazı farklı bilim dallarının gelişmesine ve ön plana çıkmasına yol açtı. Bunlardan biri etnoarkeolojidir. Etnoarkeoloji, artık sadece arkeolojik malzemelerin etnografik malzemelerle karşılaştırması olmaktan çıkmış, coğrafya ve iklimin farklı zamanlarda aynı bölgeyi mesken edinmiş insan topluluklarının yaşam benzerliklerini de belgelemeye başlamıştır. Bu sebeple etnografyadan farklılıklar gösterir.
Her ne kadar Akdeniz coğrafyasında olduğu kadar bir yoğunluk göstermese de, Altay ve Tanrı dağlarında var olan göçer kültürlerle ilgili uzun zamandır kazılar yapılmaktadır. Nispeten izole diyebileceğimiz bu bölgelerin ekonomisi Eski ve Orta Çağlarda olduğu gibi hala hayvancılık üzerinedir. Göçer yaşantıyı devam ettiren ailelerin sayısı azalmaya yüz tutsa da var olanların yaşantıları incelendiğinde, Tang dönemini tehdit eden Gök Türklerden ya da Urartu’yu istila etmiş İskit topluluklarından çok da farklı olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.
Çalışma, Moğolistan’ın kuzeybatısında yer alan Hövsgöl bölgesinde (aymak) yaşayan bir Moğol ailenin üzerinden, arkeolojik malzemelerin yorumlanması üzerinedir. Makaledeki bazı örnekler, farklı coğrafyalardaki veriler olsa da, genel olarak göçerlerin yaşam şeklinin geçmişle bağlantısını belirlemeye yönelik olacaktır. Özellikle mevsimlik göç hareketlerinde izledikleri güzergâh, seçilen noktalarda harcanan zaman ve etkinliklerin neler olduğu ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Etnoarkeoloji Moğolistan Avrasya arkeolojisi Gök Türk göçer kültür Altay dağları Tanrı dağları
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Archaeology |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Early Pub Date | August 9, 2023 |
Publication Date | August 1, 2023 |
Submission Date | April 29, 2023 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 Issue: 32 |
Publisher
Vedat Dalokay Caddesi No: 112 Çankaya 06670 ANKARA
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