Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Sistem Düşünme Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Biyoçeşitlilik

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 176 - 200, 31.05.2021

Fatma Şahin

Abstract

Günümüzde fen eğitimi araştırmaları, kompleks problemleri ve sistemleri incelemeye daha çok önem vermeye başlamıştır. Bunun nedeni yaşadığımız dünyada artan kompleks problemlerdir. Bu problemleri anlamak ve çözebilmek için daha bütüncül bir düşünme anlayışına gerek vardır. Bu bütüncül düşünme anlayışında sistem düşünme ön plana çıkmaktadır. Sistem düşünme, sistemdeki belirli olayları tek tek görmek yerine, sistemin genel yapısını, işlevlerini ve döngülerini görmeyi içermektedir. Kompleks problemlerin arttığı günümüzde, eğitimde de sistem düşünme yaklaşımına yer verilmesinin önemi ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak, öğretmen adaylarının sistem düşüncesi açısından karmaşık sistemleri nasıl anladıkları hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın bu eksikliğe katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı; Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının biyoçeşitlilik kavramı ile ilgili sistem düşünme düzeylerini belirlemektir. Çalışma nitel ve nicel verilerin birlikte kullanıldığı karma desen olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbulda bulunan bir devlet üniversitenin Eğitim Fakültesine devam eden 35 Fen Bilgisi öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Veriler, açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan ‘Biyoçeşitlilik Kavram Anketi’ ve ‘Kavram Haritaları’ ile toplanmıştır. Açık uçlu sorular içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiş, kavram haritaları ise nicel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre öğretmen adaylarının orta düzeyin altında sistem düşünmeye sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının, biyoçeşitliliğin gizli boyutları, uluslararası etkileşimler ve zamansal düşünmede başarı düzeylerinin düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sistem düşünmenin değerlendirilmesinde kavram haritalarının elverişli bir araç olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Sistem, sistem düşünme, Kavram haritası, Biyoçeşitlilik

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