KÂĞITSIZ BİR ARKEOLOJİYE DOĞRU

Year 2023, , 105 - 128, 31.12.2023

Serdar Özbilen

https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.1290280

Abstract

Orta Çağ’dan günümüze oldukça yavaş ve birikimsel ilerleyen bilimsel süreçte, güncel gelişmeler birbirini takip edemeyecek kadar ani ve hızlı ilerlemektedir. İnsanoğlu bu imkânlar dahilinde geleceği öngörerek hayatını kolaylaştırmanın yollarını aramaya çalışmaktadır. Sümerlere ait Gılgamış Destanında bile daha iyi bir yaşam için insanlığın çırpınışlarını görebilmekteyiz. Hatta bu anlayış, ütopik romanlarda da varlığını devam ettiregelmiştir. Platon’un “Devlet”indeki ideal yönetim anlayışı, T. More’un “Ütopya”sında, Thoma Campanella’nın “Güneş Ülkesi”nde Cenevizli Kaptanın Taprobana Adasındaki seyahati, Francis Bacon’un “Yeni Atlantis”indeki Avrupalı denizcilerin seyahati konulu gibi çoğaltabileceğimiz pek çok kitapta bunların ipuçlarını görebilmekteyiz. George Orwell’in 1984’ünde dediği gibi “geçmişi kontrol eden geleceği kontrol eder” sözünden hareketle, geçmişi çözümleyerek gelecek nesillere daha iyi bir yaşanılır dünya bırakmayı hedefleyen bilim dallarından birisi de arkeolojidir. Her bilim dalında görüldüğü gibi arkeolojinin de birtakım hedefleri ve sorunsalları vardır. Arkeoloji ana yöntemini “kazmak” diye tarif ettiğimiz “şey”den alır. Bu ise kendi içerisinde neredeyse yeryüzündeki arkeolog sayısı kadar birbirinden farklı metotları içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Bu konuda günümüzün hızlı ilerleyen teknolojisi dijital sistemlerin arkeolojik çalışmalara entegre edilmesine imkân sağlamıştır. Çalışmamıza dünya genelinde patlak veren COVID-19’un dijital sistemleri tetiklemesi ve dijital sistemlerin insanlık tarihi gelişimindeki kronolojik seyrine yer vererek başladık. Böylelikle çalışmamız daha teorik bir çerçeve halini aldı. Çalışmamızdaki ana amacımız dijital sistemlerin arkeolojideki kullanım alanlarını ve bu alanda kat edilen yolu tespit edip, ilgili okuyucunun konuya olan merakını teşvik etmektir.

Keywords

Dijital Arkeoloji, Uzaktan Algılama, CBS, LIDAR, 3D

TOWARDS A PAPERLESS ARCHAEOLOGY

Abstract

In the scientific process, which has progressed very slowly and cumulatively from the Middle Ages to the present, current developments are advancing so suddenly and rapidly that they cannot follow each other. Human beings try to find ways to make their life easier by foreseeing the future within these possibilities. Even in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, we can see humanity’s struggles for a better life. In fact, this understanding has continued to exist in utopian novels. The ideal understanding of government in Plato’s “The State”, T. More’s “Utopia”, the Genoese Captain’s voyage in the “Land of the Sun” by Thoma Campanella, the voyage of European sailors in Francis Bacon’s “New Atlantis” we can see hints of these in many books that we can reproduce. As George Orwell said in 1984, “whoever controls the past controls the future”, based on the word, archaeology is one of the branches of science that aims to leave a better livable world to future generations by analyzing the past. As seen in every branch of science, archaeology has some goals and problems. Archaeology takes its main method from the “thing” we describe as “digging”. This includes almost as many different methods as the number of archaeologists in the world. In this regard, today’s rapidly advancing technology has made it possible to integrate digital systems into archaeological studies. We started our study by giving place to the triggering of the digital systems by the COVID-19, which erupted around the world, and the chronological course of the digital systems in the development of human history. Thus, our study became a more theoretical framework. Our main aim in our study is to determine the usage areas of digital systems in archaeology and the way covered in this field, and to encourage the interest of the related reader.

Keywords

Digital Archaeology, Remote Sensing, GIS, LIDAR, 3D

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