Village Institutes were educational complexes that were designed for 21 villages between 1940 and 1948, as the pioneer of modernization in village development during the Early Republican Period of Turkey. These projects were implemented through architectural competitions and constructed as a campus comprising many buildings instead of a single mass, presenting necessity of the educational understanding in which the integration of theoretical and practical education was the main intention.
Hasanoğlan Village Institute (HVI), established in 1941 in Ankara, differs from others, as it was established as a center for training the trainers who may work in village institutes rather than in village schools. Thus, it has a wider architectural program than the other institutes. Additionally, from the first building to the last, the complex was constructed by the students and trainers of 14 institutes that had been previously established. Thus, many people have memories about both the construction process of HVI, in addition to educational life. Despite recent architectural studies about HVI, this specific feature of HVI, focusing on its construction process, has not been narrated in detail.
To fill the gap in the literature, this study aimed to depict the story of HVI through the memories of former students and trainers about the planning and construction phases of its workshops, schools, dining hall, and music complex, and also on-site observations in 2020. Hence, this narrative inquiry began with the background of village institute projects and the significance of Hasanoğlan within the context of village institutes while illustrating the planning phases of the HVI. The construction activities within the institute grounds were then analyzed through memories, creating memory map, and on-site observations, considering the local building techniques. In the conclusion, the construction technology, and principles of the modern construction process of the period for institute complexes was evaluated through the example of the HVI.
Köy Enstitüleri, Türkiye'nin Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi'nde köy kalkınmasında modernleşmenin öncüsü olarak 1940-1948 yılları arasında 21 köy için tasarlanmış eğitim kompleksleridir. Mimari yarışmalarla hayata geçirilen bu projeler, teorik ve pratik eğitimin birlikteliğinin temel amaç olduğu eğitim anlayışının gerekliliğini ortaya koyan tek bir kütle yerine birçok binadan oluşan kampüsler olarak inşa edilmişlerdir.
1941 yılında Ankara'da kurulan Hasanoğlan Köy Enstitüsü (HKE), köy okullarından ziyade köy enstitülerinde çalışabilecek eğitmenlerin yetiştirilmesi için bir merkez olarak kurulmuştur. Bu nedenle diğer enstitülere göre daha geniş bir mimari programa sahiptir. Ayrıca bu enstitü, ilk binasından son binasına kadar, daha önce kurulmuş olan 14 enstitünün öğrencileri ve eğitmenleri tarafından inşa edilmiştir. Böylelikle birçok insanın kendi enstitüsündeki eğitim hayatına ek olarak HKE’nün yapım sürecine dair anıları vardır. HKE ile ilgili son zamanlarda yapılmış olan mimari çalışmalarda, HKE’nün yapım hikayesi ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmamıştır.
Literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmak amacıyla, bu çalışma HKE’nün hikayesini, eski öğrenci ve eğitmenlerin anıları üzerinden, atölye, okul, yemekhane ve müzik kompleksi binalarının planlama ve inşaat aşamalarına odaklanarak yerinde gözlemlerle tasvir etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümü, köy enstitü projelerinin arka planı ve HKE’nün planlama aşamalarını gösterirken, köy enstitüleri bağlamında Hasanoğlan'ın önemi ile başlamaktadır. Sonrasında, enstitü arazisindeki inşaat faaliyetleri yerel inşaat teknikleri dikkate alınarak anılar, bellek haritaları ve yerinde gözlemler aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, enstitü komplekslerindeki inşaat teknolojisi ve dönemin modern inşaat sürecinin ilkeleri, HKE örneği üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir.
The authors wish to thank İsmail Hakkı Tonguç Belgeliği Vakfı, Köy Enstitüleri ve Çağdaş Eğitim Vakfı, and Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıkları Daire Başkanlığı for their cooperation during the study.
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Cultural Studies |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 14, 2021 |
| Submission Date | April 18, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Issue: 23 |
Publisher
Vedat Dalokay Caddesi No: 112 Çankaya 06670 ANKARA
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