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ESKİ UYGURCA BUDDHĀVATAṀSAKA-SŪTRA TEFSİRİNE İLİŞKİN BELGELER

Year 2020, Issue: 48, 23 - 37, 14.12.2020

Abstract

Eski Uygur tercüme edebiyatını Budizme, Manihaizme ve Nasturi Hristiyanlığa ilişkin dinî eserler oluşturur. Bu dinî eserler arasında en büyük pay ise Budizme aittir. Budizmin birçok ekolüne ilişkin eser Eski Uygurcaya tercüme edilmiştir. Bu eserlerden biri de Huayan ekolünün temel yazınsal kaynağını da oluşturan Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra’dır. Huayan ekolü Çin’de Sui (581-618) ve Tang hanedanlığı (618-907) dönemlerinde önemli bir gelişme kaydetmiş olan ve Hint Budizminde bir eş değeri bulunmayan bir ekoldür. Bu ekol sadece Çin sınırlarında kalmamış Kore ve Japonya’ya doğru genişlemiştir. Huayan ekolü Korecede Hwaŏm ve Japoncada Kegon adıyla bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra tefsirine ilişkin dört fragmanın neşri hakkındadır. Bu fragmanlar Berlin Brandenburg Bilimler Akademisi Turfan Koleksiyonunda sırasıyla U 1308 ([T I] 3), U 1372 ([T I] 4), Mainz 821-1 (a fragmanı) (T I D) ve U 1381 ([T I L] 11) envanter numaralarıyla korunmaktadır. Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra tefsiri, Budizmin Faxiang ekolüne ait metinlerin yer aldığı bir derleme eserin 20. bölümünü teşkil eder ve bu çalışmada neşredilen fragmanlar ise aynı bölümün 32, 33, 34 ve 49. yapraklarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Huayan ekolünün Çin dışındaki görünümüne ilişkin kısa bir girişe yer verilecek, ardından Eski Uygurca fragmanların yazı çevirimleri, harf çevirimleri, Türkçeye aktarmaları, metne ilişkin notları ve dizin ile sözlüğü sunulacaktır.

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Thanks

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References

  • ARAMAKI, Noritoshi (2007), “The Huayan Tradition in Its Earliest Period”, Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism, ed. Imre Hamar, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, s. 169-187. (Asiatische Forschungen. 151)
  • BLAIR, Heather (2014), “Buddhism in Japanese History”, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, ed. Mario Poceski, Blackwell Publishing, s. 63-83.
  • CHOE, Yeonshik (2007), “Huayan Studies in Korea”, Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism, ed. Imre Hamar, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, s. 68-85.
  • CLEARY, Thomas (1993), The Flower Ornament Scripture: A Translation of the Avatamsaka Sutra, Shambhala, Boston & London.
  • COOK, Francis H. (1977), Hua-yen Buddhism: The Jewel Net of Indra, The Pennsylvania State University Press, London.
  • COPP, Paul (2012), “Chinese Religion in the Sui and Tang Dynasties”, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions, ed. Randall L. Nadeau, Blackwell Publishing, s. 75-98. EDGERTON, Franklin (1953), Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, c. II: Dictionary, Yale University Press, New Haven.
  • GREEN, Ronald S. ve Chanju Mun (2018), Gyōnen’s Transmission of the Buddha Dharma in Three Countries, Brill, Leiden & Boston. (Numen Book Series. Studies in the History of Religions. 159).
  • HAMAR, Imre (2014), “Huayan Explorations of the Realm of Reality”, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, ed. Mario Poceski, Blackwell Publishing, s. 145-165.
  • HIRAKAWA, Akira (1997), A Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary, Reiyukai, Tōkyō.
  • ISHII, Kōsei (2007), “Kegon Philosophy and Nationalism in Modern Japan”, Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism, ed. Imre Hamar, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, s. 325-335. (Asiatische Forschungen. 151).
  • Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (1979), Daitō Shunppansha, Tōkyō.
  • MONIER-WILLIAMS, Monier (1899), A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • NADALYAYEV, V. M., D. M. Nasilov, E. R. Tenişev ve A. M. Şçerbak (1969), Drevnetyurkskiy Slovar’, Izdat Nauka, Leningradskoe Otd., Leningrad. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Institut Yazıkoznaniya).
  • ODIN, Steve (1982), Process Metaphysics and Hua-yen Buddhism: A Critical Study of Cumulative Penetration vs. Interpenetration, State University of New York Press, Albany.
  • ÖLMEZ, Mehmet (2017), “Eski Uygurca İkilemeler Üzerine”, Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı – Belleten, 65/2, s. 243-311.
  • ÖZERTURAL, Zekine (2012), Alttürkische Handschriften Teil 16: Mahāyāna-sūtras und Kommentartexte, Franz Steiner, Stuttgart. (Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland. XIII, 24.)
  • POCESKI, Mario (2004), “Huayan School”, Encyclopedia of Buddhism, ed. Robert E. Buswell, Volume I, Thomson Gale, New York, s. 341-347.
  • RHYS DAVIDS, T. W. ve William Stede (1921-1925), The Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary, Pali Text Society, Oxford.
  • RÖHRBORN, Klaus (1977-1998), Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, 1-6: Steiner, Wiesbaden.
  • RÖHRBORN, Klaus (1996), Die alttürkische Xuanzang-Biographie VIII. Nach der Handschrift von Paris, Peking und St. Petersburg sowie nach dem Transkript von Annemarie von Gabain hrsg., übersetzt und kommentiert, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. (Xuanzangs Leben und Werk. 5. VdSUA. 34.)
  • RÖHRBORN, Klaus (2010), Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, Neubearbeitung. I. Verben, Vol. 1: ab- - äzüglä-, Steiner, Stuttgart.
  • SHŌGAITO, Masahiro (2014), The Uighur Abhidharmakośabhāṣya preserved at the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden. (Turcologica. 99)
  • TOKYÜREK, Hacer (2019), Eski Uygur Türkçesinde Budizm ve Manihaizm Terimleri,. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara. (AKDTYK. TDK Yay. 1294)
  • VERMEERSCH, Sem (2014), “Buddhism in Korean History”, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, ed. Mario Poceski, Blackwell Publishing, s. 63-83. Elektronik Kaynaklar
  • DDB = Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, www.buddhism-dict.net (Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2020).
  • Mainz 821-1 (a fragmanı) (T I D): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0821_seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0821_seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
  • U 1308 ([T I] 3): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1308seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1308seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
  • U 1372 ([T I] 4): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1372seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1372seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
  • U 1381 ([T I L] 11): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1381seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1381seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020)

Old Uyghur Documents of A Commentary of Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra

Year 2020, Issue: 48, 23 - 37, 14.12.2020

Abstract

Old Uyghur literature based on translation is comprised of religious works on Buddhism, Manichaeism and Nestorianism. The lion’s share among these religious works belongs to Buddhism. The work on many schools of Buddhism has been translated into Old Uyghur. One of these works is Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra, which is the main literary source of Huayan school. Huayan is a school that made significant progress in the Sui (581-618) and Tang dynasty (618-907) periods in China and has no equivalent in Indian Buddhism. This school not only stayed at the Chinese borders but also expanded towards Korea and Japan. Huayan school is known as Hwaŏm in Korean and Kegon in Japanese. This paper is about the edition of the four fragments from Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra’s commentary in Old Uyghur. These fragments are located at the Turfan Collection in Berlin Brandenburg Sciences and Humanities, with the archive numbers U 1308 ([T I] 3), U 1372 ([T I] 4), Mainz 821-1 (fragment a) (T I D) and U 1381 ([T I L] 11). Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra’s commentary in Old Uyghur constitutes the 20th chapter of a compilation of the texts belonging to the Faxiang school of Buddhism, and the fragments edited in this paper constitute the 32nd, 33rd, 34th and 49th leaves of the same chapter. In this study, first of all, a short introduction to the appearance of Huayan school outside of China will be given, then the transcription and transliteration of aforementioned Old Uyghur fragments, translations into Turkish, notes and glossary with an analytical index are presented.

Project Number

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References

  • ARAMAKI, Noritoshi (2007), “The Huayan Tradition in Its Earliest Period”, Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism, ed. Imre Hamar, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, s. 169-187. (Asiatische Forschungen. 151)
  • BLAIR, Heather (2014), “Buddhism in Japanese History”, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, ed. Mario Poceski, Blackwell Publishing, s. 63-83.
  • CHOE, Yeonshik (2007), “Huayan Studies in Korea”, Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism, ed. Imre Hamar, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, s. 68-85.
  • CLEARY, Thomas (1993), The Flower Ornament Scripture: A Translation of the Avatamsaka Sutra, Shambhala, Boston & London.
  • COOK, Francis H. (1977), Hua-yen Buddhism: The Jewel Net of Indra, The Pennsylvania State University Press, London.
  • COPP, Paul (2012), “Chinese Religion in the Sui and Tang Dynasties”, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions, ed. Randall L. Nadeau, Blackwell Publishing, s. 75-98. EDGERTON, Franklin (1953), Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, c. II: Dictionary, Yale University Press, New Haven.
  • GREEN, Ronald S. ve Chanju Mun (2018), Gyōnen’s Transmission of the Buddha Dharma in Three Countries, Brill, Leiden & Boston. (Numen Book Series. Studies in the History of Religions. 159).
  • HAMAR, Imre (2014), “Huayan Explorations of the Realm of Reality”, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, ed. Mario Poceski, Blackwell Publishing, s. 145-165.
  • HIRAKAWA, Akira (1997), A Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary, Reiyukai, Tōkyō.
  • ISHII, Kōsei (2007), “Kegon Philosophy and Nationalism in Modern Japan”, Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism, ed. Imre Hamar, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, s. 325-335. (Asiatische Forschungen. 151).
  • Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (1979), Daitō Shunppansha, Tōkyō.
  • MONIER-WILLIAMS, Monier (1899), A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • NADALYAYEV, V. M., D. M. Nasilov, E. R. Tenişev ve A. M. Şçerbak (1969), Drevnetyurkskiy Slovar’, Izdat Nauka, Leningradskoe Otd., Leningrad. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Institut Yazıkoznaniya).
  • ODIN, Steve (1982), Process Metaphysics and Hua-yen Buddhism: A Critical Study of Cumulative Penetration vs. Interpenetration, State University of New York Press, Albany.
  • ÖLMEZ, Mehmet (2017), “Eski Uygurca İkilemeler Üzerine”, Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı – Belleten, 65/2, s. 243-311.
  • ÖZERTURAL, Zekine (2012), Alttürkische Handschriften Teil 16: Mahāyāna-sūtras und Kommentartexte, Franz Steiner, Stuttgart. (Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland. XIII, 24.)
  • POCESKI, Mario (2004), “Huayan School”, Encyclopedia of Buddhism, ed. Robert E. Buswell, Volume I, Thomson Gale, New York, s. 341-347.
  • RHYS DAVIDS, T. W. ve William Stede (1921-1925), The Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary, Pali Text Society, Oxford.
  • RÖHRBORN, Klaus (1977-1998), Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, 1-6: Steiner, Wiesbaden.
  • RÖHRBORN, Klaus (1996), Die alttürkische Xuanzang-Biographie VIII. Nach der Handschrift von Paris, Peking und St. Petersburg sowie nach dem Transkript von Annemarie von Gabain hrsg., übersetzt und kommentiert, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. (Xuanzangs Leben und Werk. 5. VdSUA. 34.)
  • RÖHRBORN, Klaus (2010), Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, Neubearbeitung. I. Verben, Vol. 1: ab- - äzüglä-, Steiner, Stuttgart.
  • SHŌGAITO, Masahiro (2014), The Uighur Abhidharmakośabhāṣya preserved at the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden. (Turcologica. 99)
  • TOKYÜREK, Hacer (2019), Eski Uygur Türkçesinde Budizm ve Manihaizm Terimleri,. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara. (AKDTYK. TDK Yay. 1294)
  • VERMEERSCH, Sem (2014), “Buddhism in Korean History”, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, ed. Mario Poceski, Blackwell Publishing, s. 63-83. Elektronik Kaynaklar
  • DDB = Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, www.buddhism-dict.net (Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2020).
  • Mainz 821-1 (a fragmanı) (T I D): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0821_seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0821_seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
  • U 1308 ([T I] 3): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1308seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1308seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
  • U 1372 ([T I] 4): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1372seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1372seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
  • U 1381 ([T I L] 11): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1381seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1381seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020)
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Language Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Uğur Uzunkaya 0000-0003-4534-9305

Tümer Karaayak 0000-0002-2322-9663

Project Number -
Publication Date December 14, 2020
Submission Date April 20, 2020
Acceptance Date October 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 48

Cite

MLA Uzunkaya, Uğur and Tümer Karaayak. “ESKİ UYGURCA BUDDHĀVATAṀSAKA-SŪTRA TEFSİRİNE İLİŞKİN BELGELER”. Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları, no. 48, 2020, pp. 23-37.