Diatomite is organic sediment structures made up from the fossilized shells containing silica of eukaryotic, unicellular, microscopic algae called siliceous algae (diatoms). Diatoms have a great importance as to biological, ecological and economic and are photosynthetic algae surviving in several aquatic environments. Due to silica in their cell walls, Diatoms have different characteristic features according to other algae groups. They show an important proliferation via increase of dissolved silica in water. After the death of these organisms, siliceous shells are insoluble in water and thus the sediments deposited in the bottom lead diatomite formation. These reserve areas found in the marine, lake and river beds rise because of earth crust movements and constitute white-looking mounds. Diatoms have achieved very large amounts for the first time in the Cretaceous era (135-65 million years ago). At the present time, diatomite with commercial value have constituted in Miocene era (27-7 million years ago). Diatomite (Kieselguhr) is the only natural mineral with biological origin. The European continent has the richest reserves in terms of diatomite reserve in the world and America has been following it. Diatomite reserve of Turkey is 125 million tons. Hırka (Kayseri) known in Turkey has the largest diatomite reserve (106 million tons). Diatomite is used mainly in filtration field. This use follows filling field. There are very abundant and high quality diatomite reserves in our country and in order to evaluate properly of these reserves necessary attention and support should be provided at all stages. The diatomite reserves of our country should be detected and determined their technological value. Their use fields should be increased and operated as efficient. Also, there is obligation to work co-ordinated of the organizations related with the introduction of the mine.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Naturel Sciences |
Authors | |
Publication Date | August 4, 2012 |
Published in Issue | Year 2012 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 |