Research Article
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Religious Education and Training in Australia: A Case Study of Ilim College

Year 2024, Issue: 18, 281 - 315, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53112/tudear.1571544

Abstract

This article aims to explore the presence of Muslims in Australia and the dynamics of religious education and training within the country, alongside providing general information about Australia. The research investigates the relationship between religion and the state in Australia, the rights granted by the state to religious adherents, and how the Muslim community utilizes these rights in the field of education, specifically through the example of Ilim College. It also examines instances of racism and discrimination against Muslims, incidents of Islamophobia, and the countermeasures taken by the state. The article provides insights into the content and functioning of both formal and non-formal religious education activities. Furthermore, it endeavors to present, based on available data, the challenges encountered during the process, expectations regarding religious education, and the level of interest demonstrated. One of the key characteristics of schools established by Muslims is their provision of education to Muslim students from diverse ethnic backgrounds, thereby contributing significantly to the development of an educated population and, consequently, to society at large. The primary objective of this study is to offer a general overview of Muslim educational institutions and organizations in Australia, utilizing Ilim College as a case study of schools with the right to provide denomination-based religious education. Moreover, the study also seeks to examine the history, activities, resources, strengths, weaknesses, and curriculum of Ilim College. The study employs qualitative research methods, including document analysis and unstructured observation techniques. The findings of the study suggest that Muslim communities in Australia have not yet fully completed the institutionalization process. While significant institutions like Ilim College exist in the field of education, a considerable gap remains. The study concludes by proposing that similar educational institutions should be developed further in Australia, taking Ilim College as an example.

References

  • ABS [Australian Bureau of Statistics]. (2024a). National, state and territory population. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population
  • ABS [Australian Bureau of Statistics]. (2024b). Cultural diversity of Australia. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/cultural-diversity-australia
  • ABS [Australian Bureau of Statistics]. (2024c). Religious affiliation in 2021. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/religious-affiliation-australia
  • ABS [Australian Bureau of Statistics]. (2024d). Education. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/education
  • Akbarzadeh, S. (2004, Haziran 26). Avustralyalı cihatçı İslamofobiyi körüklüyor. The Canberra Times.
  • Alison, L. B., Leigh, A., & Varganova, E. (2012). Does ethnic discrimination vary across minority groups? Evidence from a field experiment. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(1), 1–24.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2017). Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au
  • Ayhan, H. (1997). Din eğitimi ve öğretimi (3. Baskı). MÜİFV Yayınları.
  • Bahçekapılı, M. (2011a). Batılı ülkelerde din eğitiminin kültürlerarası barış, hoşgörü ve diyalog ortamına olan katkısı üzerine bazı değerlendirmeler. Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21, 129-152.
  • Bahçekapılı, M. (2011b). Avrupa’da İslam din eğitimi modelleri. Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21, 21-64.
  • Bahçekapılı, M. (2012). Avrupa’da din eğitimi. Önder.
  • Bahçekapılı, M. (2018). Fransa’da laiklik, İslam, Müslümanlar ve din eğitimi politikaları. Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6, 11-50.
  • Barker, R. (2021). Pluralism versus separation: Tension in the Australian church-state relationship. Religion & Human Rights, 16(1), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1163/18710328-BJA10015
  • Barker, R. (2022). The place of the child in recent Australian debate about freedom of religion and belief. Laws, 11(6), 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11060083
  • Bakanlık Yönergeleri. (2024). Ministerial Direction, Planning and Environment Act 1987 Section 7(5), The Form And Content Of Planning Schemes. Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0035/658097/19-July-2024-Ministerial-Direction- Section-75-Form-and-Content.pdf
  • Chesson, M. (1983). The social and economic importance of the women in Jigalong. İçinde F. Gale (Ed.), We are bosses our-selves: The status an role of the aboriginal women today (s. 40-43). Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
  • Cleland, B. (2002). The Muslims in Australia: A brief history. Islamic Council of Victoria.
  • Colan, A. (2007). Muslims in Australia since the 1600s [DVD]. Ronin Films.
  • Diallo, I. (2016). The socio-religious role of the mosques in Australia. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 36(1), 1–15.
  • Doğan, H. (2024). Büyüyen bir hukuk sorunsalı: İslamofobi. Muhafazakâr Düşünce Dergisi, 20(66), 342-362.
  • Edwards, F. R., & Wildeman, C. (2018). Characteristics of the frontline child welfare workforce. Children and Youth Services Review, 89, 13-26.
  • Eğitim ve Öğretim Reformu Yasası. (2006). Education and Training Reform Act 2006. Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2024, https://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/in-force/acts/education-and-training-reform-act-2006/103 ve https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-07/06-24aa103-authorised.PDF
  • Goldburg, P. (2008). Teaching religion in Australian schools. Numen, 55(2-3), 241-271.
  • Hall, D., Sultmann, W. F., & Lamb, J. T. (2024). Religious education in Australia: The voices of practitioners and scholars. Religions, 15(9), 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15091025
  • Hassen, M. (2013). The politics of Muslim schooling in the West: The Case of Australia. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 33(4), 496-510. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2013.858709
  • ICMG. (2024) Islamic Community Milli Gorus Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://www.icmg.org.au/
  • Ilim College. (2024a). About us. Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://www.ilimcollege.vic.edu.au/about-us/
  • Ilim College. (2024b). Islamic education. Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://www.ilimcollege.vic.edu.au/islamic- education/
  • Independent Schools Australia. (2021). Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://www.independent.schools.com.au/
  • İnsan Hakları ve Sorumlulukları Yasası. (2006). Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act. Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2024, https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-06/06-43aa015%20authorised.pdf
  • Irkçılık karşıtı ve Dini Hoşgörü Yasası. (2001). Racial and Religious Tolerance Act. Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/bee78517-35cd-360b-ac26-e859af241828_01-047a.pdf
  • Irksal ve Dini Hoşgörü Yasası. (2001). Racial and Religious Tolerance Act. Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://www.humanrights.vic.gov.au/legal-and-policy/victorias-human-rights-laws/racial-and-religious- tolerance-act/
  • Islamophobia Register Australia. (2024). Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://islamophobia.com.au/publications/our- reports/
  • James, J. (2009). Immigrant settlement, ethnic relations and multiculturalism in Australia. İçinde J. Higley, J. Nieuwenhuysen, & S. Neerup (Eds.), Nations of immigrants: Australia and the USA compared (pp. 154-155). Edward Elgar Publishing Inc.
  • Jupp, J. (2009). "Immigrant Settlement, Ethnic Relations and Multiculturalism in Australia", Nations of Immigrants: Australia and the USA Compared, ed. J. Higley-J. Nieuwenhuysen-S. Neerup, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Inc.
  • MFİS. (2024). Malek Fahd İslam Okulu. Erişim Tarihi 01.09.2024. https://www.mfis.nsw.edu.au/
  • Monsour, A. (2015). Undesirable alien to good citizen: Syrian/Lebanese in a ‘white’ Australia. Mashriq & Mahjar, 1(1), 135–161.
  • National Catholic Education Commission. (2016). Catholic schools in Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.09.2024, http://www.ncec.catholic.edu.au/resources/publication/401-catholic-schools-in-australia-2016/file
  • Racial And Religious Tolerance Act. (2001). Racial And Religious Tolerance Act. Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://www.humanrights.vic.gov.au/legal-and-policy/victorias-human-rights-laws/racial-and-religious- tolerance-act/
  • Sak, R., Şahin Sak, İ. T., Şendil, Ç. Ö., & Nas, E. (2021). Bir araştırma yöntemi olarak doküman analizi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 4(1), 227-250.
  • Saniotis, A. (2004). İkiyüzlülüğü somutlaştırmak: Müslüman Avustralyalılar ‘öteki’ olarak. Avustralya Çalışmaları Dergisi, 28(82), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/14443050409387955
  • Speaker, H. J. (2008, February 13). Apology to Australia’s Indigenous Peoples. House of Representatives, Debates.
  • Statista. (2024). Total number of student enrolments at selected Islamic schools in Victoria, Australia in 2010 and 2018. Erişim tarihi: 01.09.2024, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1156152/australia-leading-islamic-schools-in- victoria-by-student-growth/
  • Stephen Castles, (2000). Citizenship and Migration: Globalization and the Politics of Belonging. Hardcover.
  • Stephenson, P. (2010). İslam rüyası: Avustralya’daki yerli Müslümanlar. UNSW Press.
  • Şimşir, B. N. (2018). Çanakkale Savaşı bağlamında Avustralya’da Atatürk ve Türk toplumu. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Tezcan, M. (2021). The views of Turkish immigrants on multicultural policies in Australia: The impact of migration duration. Medya ve Kültür, 1(2), 188-204.
  • Tezcan, M. (2024). Avustralya’daki Türk Çocuklarının Eğitimi. http://www.dergiler.ankara.edu.tr, Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2024.
  • The Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission. (2024). Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://www.humanrights.vic.gov.au/
  • U.S. Department of State. (2024). 2023 Report on international religious freedom: Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2024, https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/australia/
  • Ulusal Katolik Eğitim Komisyonu. (2016). Catholic Schools in Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.09.2024, http://www.ncec.catholic.edu.au/resources/publication/401-catholic-schools-in-australia-2016/file
  • Wade, N. (2011, Eylül 22). Australian Aborigine hair tells a story of human migration. The New York Times. Wayback Machine.
  • West, B. A., West, M., & Frances, T. (2010). A brief history of Australia. Facts On File Inc.
  • Woodlock, R. (2013). Islam in Australia. İçinde A. Rippin (Ed.), Oxford bibliographies in Islamic studies. Oxford University Press.
  • Woodlock, R., & John, A. (Eds.). (2012). İzolasyon, entegrasyon ve kimlik: Avustralya’daki Müslüman deneyimi. La Trobe Dergisi Özel Sayısı. Victoria Vakfı Eyalet Kütüphanesi.
  • Wordmeter. (2024). Population of Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2024, https://www.worldometers.info/world- population/australia-population/
  • Yanık, C. (2012). Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda’da çokkültürlülüğün değişen yüzü. Kaygı, (19), 193-206.

Avustralya’da Din Eğitimi ve Öğretimi: İlim Koleji Örneği

Year 2024, Issue: 18, 281 - 315, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.53112/tudear.1571544

Abstract

Bu makale, Avustralya hakkında verilen genel bilgilerin yanında ülkede bulunan Müslümanların varlığı ve Avustralya’da din eğitimi ve öğretimi sürecini ortaya koymayı konu edinmektedir. Araştırmada Avustralya’da din devlet ilişkileri, devletin din mensuplarına verdiği haklar, İlim Koleji örnekliğinde Müslüman toplumun eğitim alanında bu haklardan faydalanma biçimi, Müslümanlara yönelik yapılan ırkçı ve ayrımcı durumlar, İslamofobi olayları ve bu konuda devletin aldığı önlemler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Örgün ve yaygın din eğitimi faaliyetlerinin içeriği ve işleyişi hakkında bilgiler verilen makalede; ayrıca süreç içinde karşılaşılan zorluklar, din eğitiminden beklentiler, gösterilen ilgi verilerle ortaya konulmaya gayret edilmektedir. Müslümanlar tarafından açılan okulların en önemli özelliklerinden birisi farklı ırklara mensup Müslüman öğrencilere eğitim vererek yetişmiş insan kitlesine ve dolayısıyla topluma önemli katkılar sağlamasıdır. Çalışmanın amacı, mezhebe dayalı din eğitimi verme hakkına sahip okullara örnek olarak ele alınan İlim Koleji üzerinden Avusturalya’daki Müslüman eğitim kurum ve kuruluşları hakkında genel bilgiler vermektir. Bununla birlikte İlim Koleji’nin tarihini, faaliyetlerini, imkânlarını, olumlu-olumsuz yönlerini ve müfredatını incelemek çalışmanın diğer bir amacıdır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme ve yapılandırılmamış gözlem teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma neticesinde Avustralya’da Müslüman toplulukların halen tam olarak kurumsallaşma sürecini tamamlayamadıkları, eğitim alanında ise İlim Koleji örneğinde olduğu gibi önemli kurumlar bulunsa da alanda ciddi bir boşluğun bulunduğu gibi sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. İlim Koleji örnekliğinde Avusturalya’da benzer eğitim kurumlarının geliştirilmesi gerektiği öneri olarak sunulmuştur.

References

  • ABS [Australian Bureau of Statistics]. (2024a). National, state and territory population. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population
  • ABS [Australian Bureau of Statistics]. (2024b). Cultural diversity of Australia. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/cultural-diversity-australia
  • ABS [Australian Bureau of Statistics]. (2024c). Religious affiliation in 2021. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/religious-affiliation-australia
  • ABS [Australian Bureau of Statistics]. (2024d). Education. Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/education
  • Akbarzadeh, S. (2004, Haziran 26). Avustralyalı cihatçı İslamofobiyi körüklüyor. The Canberra Times.
  • Alison, L. B., Leigh, A., & Varganova, E. (2012). Does ethnic discrimination vary across minority groups? Evidence from a field experiment. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(1), 1–24.
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2017). Erişim tarihi: 07.10.2024, https://www.abs.gov.au
  • Ayhan, H. (1997). Din eğitimi ve öğretimi (3. Baskı). MÜİFV Yayınları.
  • Bahçekapılı, M. (2011a). Batılı ülkelerde din eğitiminin kültürlerarası barış, hoşgörü ve diyalog ortamına olan katkısı üzerine bazı değerlendirmeler. Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21, 129-152.
  • Bahçekapılı, M. (2011b). Avrupa’da İslam din eğitimi modelleri. Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21, 21-64.
  • Bahçekapılı, M. (2012). Avrupa’da din eğitimi. Önder.
  • Bahçekapılı, M. (2018). Fransa’da laiklik, İslam, Müslümanlar ve din eğitimi politikaları. Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6, 11-50.
  • Barker, R. (2021). Pluralism versus separation: Tension in the Australian church-state relationship. Religion & Human Rights, 16(1), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1163/18710328-BJA10015
  • Barker, R. (2022). The place of the child in recent Australian debate about freedom of religion and belief. Laws, 11(6), 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11060083
  • Bakanlık Yönergeleri. (2024). Ministerial Direction, Planning and Environment Act 1987 Section 7(5), The Form And Content Of Planning Schemes. Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0035/658097/19-July-2024-Ministerial-Direction- Section-75-Form-and-Content.pdf
  • Chesson, M. (1983). The social and economic importance of the women in Jigalong. İçinde F. Gale (Ed.), We are bosses our-selves: The status an role of the aboriginal women today (s. 40-43). Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
  • Cleland, B. (2002). The Muslims in Australia: A brief history. Islamic Council of Victoria.
  • Colan, A. (2007). Muslims in Australia since the 1600s [DVD]. Ronin Films.
  • Diallo, I. (2016). The socio-religious role of the mosques in Australia. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 36(1), 1–15.
  • Doğan, H. (2024). Büyüyen bir hukuk sorunsalı: İslamofobi. Muhafazakâr Düşünce Dergisi, 20(66), 342-362.
  • Edwards, F. R., & Wildeman, C. (2018). Characteristics of the frontline child welfare workforce. Children and Youth Services Review, 89, 13-26.
  • Eğitim ve Öğretim Reformu Yasası. (2006). Education and Training Reform Act 2006. Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2024, https://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/in-force/acts/education-and-training-reform-act-2006/103 ve https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-07/06-24aa103-authorised.PDF
  • Goldburg, P. (2008). Teaching religion in Australian schools. Numen, 55(2-3), 241-271.
  • Hall, D., Sultmann, W. F., & Lamb, J. T. (2024). Religious education in Australia: The voices of practitioners and scholars. Religions, 15(9), 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15091025
  • Hassen, M. (2013). The politics of Muslim schooling in the West: The Case of Australia. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 33(4), 496-510. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2013.858709
  • ICMG. (2024) Islamic Community Milli Gorus Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://www.icmg.org.au/
  • Ilim College. (2024a). About us. Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://www.ilimcollege.vic.edu.au/about-us/
  • Ilim College. (2024b). Islamic education. Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://www.ilimcollege.vic.edu.au/islamic- education/
  • Independent Schools Australia. (2021). Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://www.independent.schools.com.au/
  • İnsan Hakları ve Sorumlulukları Yasası. (2006). Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act. Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2024, https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-06/06-43aa015%20authorised.pdf
  • Irkçılık karşıtı ve Dini Hoşgörü Yasası. (2001). Racial and Religious Tolerance Act. Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://content.legislation.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/bee78517-35cd-360b-ac26-e859af241828_01-047a.pdf
  • Irksal ve Dini Hoşgörü Yasası. (2001). Racial and Religious Tolerance Act. Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://www.humanrights.vic.gov.au/legal-and-policy/victorias-human-rights-laws/racial-and-religious- tolerance-act/
  • Islamophobia Register Australia. (2024). Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2024, https://islamophobia.com.au/publications/our- reports/
  • James, J. (2009). Immigrant settlement, ethnic relations and multiculturalism in Australia. İçinde J. Higley, J. Nieuwenhuysen, & S. Neerup (Eds.), Nations of immigrants: Australia and the USA compared (pp. 154-155). Edward Elgar Publishing Inc.
  • Jupp, J. (2009). "Immigrant Settlement, Ethnic Relations and Multiculturalism in Australia", Nations of Immigrants: Australia and the USA Compared, ed. J. Higley-J. Nieuwenhuysen-S. Neerup, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Inc.
  • MFİS. (2024). Malek Fahd İslam Okulu. Erişim Tarihi 01.09.2024. https://www.mfis.nsw.edu.au/
  • Monsour, A. (2015). Undesirable alien to good citizen: Syrian/Lebanese in a ‘white’ Australia. Mashriq & Mahjar, 1(1), 135–161.
  • National Catholic Education Commission. (2016). Catholic schools in Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.09.2024, http://www.ncec.catholic.edu.au/resources/publication/401-catholic-schools-in-australia-2016/file
  • Racial And Religious Tolerance Act. (2001). Racial And Religious Tolerance Act. Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://www.humanrights.vic.gov.au/legal-and-policy/victorias-human-rights-laws/racial-and-religious- tolerance-act/
  • Sak, R., Şahin Sak, İ. T., Şendil, Ç. Ö., & Nas, E. (2021). Bir araştırma yöntemi olarak doküman analizi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Eğitim Dergisi, 4(1), 227-250.
  • Saniotis, A. (2004). İkiyüzlülüğü somutlaştırmak: Müslüman Avustralyalılar ‘öteki’ olarak. Avustralya Çalışmaları Dergisi, 28(82), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/14443050409387955
  • Speaker, H. J. (2008, February 13). Apology to Australia’s Indigenous Peoples. House of Representatives, Debates.
  • Statista. (2024). Total number of student enrolments at selected Islamic schools in Victoria, Australia in 2010 and 2018. Erişim tarihi: 01.09.2024, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1156152/australia-leading-islamic-schools-in- victoria-by-student-growth/
  • Stephen Castles, (2000). Citizenship and Migration: Globalization and the Politics of Belonging. Hardcover.
  • Stephenson, P. (2010). İslam rüyası: Avustralya’daki yerli Müslümanlar. UNSW Press.
  • Şimşir, B. N. (2018). Çanakkale Savaşı bağlamında Avustralya’da Atatürk ve Türk toplumu. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Tezcan, M. (2021). The views of Turkish immigrants on multicultural policies in Australia: The impact of migration duration. Medya ve Kültür, 1(2), 188-204.
  • Tezcan, M. (2024). Avustralya’daki Türk Çocuklarının Eğitimi. http://www.dergiler.ankara.edu.tr, Erişim Tarihi: 07.10.2024.
  • The Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission. (2024). Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2024, https://www.humanrights.vic.gov.au/
  • U.S. Department of State. (2024). 2023 Report on international religious freedom: Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2024, https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/australia/
  • Ulusal Katolik Eğitim Komisyonu. (2016). Catholic Schools in Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.09.2024, http://www.ncec.catholic.edu.au/resources/publication/401-catholic-schools-in-australia-2016/file
  • Wade, N. (2011, Eylül 22). Australian Aborigine hair tells a story of human migration. The New York Times. Wayback Machine.
  • West, B. A., West, M., & Frances, T. (2010). A brief history of Australia. Facts On File Inc.
  • Woodlock, R. (2013). Islam in Australia. İçinde A. Rippin (Ed.), Oxford bibliographies in Islamic studies. Oxford University Press.
  • Woodlock, R., & John, A. (Eds.). (2012). İzolasyon, entegrasyon ve kimlik: Avustralya’daki Müslüman deneyimi. La Trobe Dergisi Özel Sayısı. Victoria Vakfı Eyalet Kütüphanesi.
  • Wordmeter. (2024). Population of Australia. Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2024, https://www.worldometers.info/world- population/australia-population/
  • Yanık, C. (2012). Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda’da çokkültürlülüğün değişen yüzü. Kaygı, (19), 193-206.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Abdulhalim İnam 0000-0002-8370-3961

Publication Date December 28, 2024
Submission Date October 22, 2024
Acceptance Date December 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 18

Cite

APA İnam, A. (2024). Avustralya’da Din Eğitimi ve Öğretimi: İlim Koleji Örneği. Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi(18), 281-315. https://doi.org/10.53112/tudear.1571544

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