Is There a Relationship Between First Trimester Plasma Vitamin D Levels and Gestational Diabetes in Pregnant Women?

Abstract

Aim: Carried out in pregnant women who had oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in two centers in the Western Black Sea Region, this
study aims to investigate the relationship of the first trimester plasma vitamin D levels between the groups with and without gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Material and Methods: Between the dates of 17.09.2014-15.01.2018 at Bartın State Hospital and Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 136 pregnant women aged between 18-40 with a single pregnancy who
took OGTT and whose vitamin D levels in maternal plasma were examined in their first trimester were included in the study, and the
collected data were reviewed retrospectively. Pregnant women who had additional systemic diseases such as pre-pregnancy diabetes, or
those with multiple pregnancies, or the ones who did not want to have a glucose screening test, who had not their vitamin D level tested
in the first trimester, who were taking vitamin D supplements at the time of admission were not included in the study. The GDM Group
of 52 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM were matched with the other 84 pregnant women who formed the control group
according to the age, gravida, parity, hemoglobin value and body mass index (BMI) at the time of the OGTT test.

Results: Both groups were similar in terms of age, gravida, parity, hemoglobin and BMI values (p> 0.05). Considering vitamin D levels,
it was found that the level of maternal vitamin D in the first trimester was significantly lower in the group that developed GDM when
compared to the group that did not develop GDM (p=0.031).

Conclusion: Vitamin D has also been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition, as seen in the few previous studies
in the literature, vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women with GDM is found in our regional study, as well. This study, which includes
the Western Black Sea Region, will guide more comprehensive prospective studies.

Keywords

• Gestational diabetes mellitus
• Vitamin D
• Pregnancy

Gebelerde İlk Trimester Plazma D Vitamini Düzeyleri ile Gestasyonel Diyabet Arasında İlişki Var mı?

Abstract

Amaç: Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde, iki merkezde oral glukoz tarama testi (OGTT) uygulanmış gebelerde, gestasyonel diyabet (GDM)
saptanan ve saptanmayan gruplar arasında ilk trimester plazma D vitamini seviyesinin ilişkisini araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: 17.09.2014-15.01.2018 tarihleri arasında Bartın Devlet Hastanesi ve Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Tıp
Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Anabilim Dalına başvuran 18-40 yaş arası, tekil gebeliği olan ve ilk trimesterde maternal
plazmada D vitamini seviyesi bakılmış ve OGTT yapılmış 136 gebe çalışmaya dahil edildi, retrospektif olarak veriler tarandı. Çoğul
gebelikler, gebelik öncesi diyabet gibi ek sistemik hastalığı bulunan, glukoz tarama testi yaptırmak istemeyen, ilk trimesterde D vitamini
seviyesine bakılmamış ya da kan verme zamanında D vitamini takviyesi alan, zararlı madde kullanımı olan, çoğul gebeliği olan gebeler
çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. GDM tanısı almış 52 gebe GDM grubu, diğer 84 gebe kontrol grubu olarak OGTT yapıldığı esnadaki yaş,
gravide, parite, hemoglobin değeri ve vücut kütle indeksi (VKİ) eşleşecek şekilde oluşturuldu.

Bulgular: Yaş, gravida, parite, hemoglobin, VKİ değerleri açısından her iki grup benzerdi (p>0,05). D vitamini seviyelerine bakıldığında
ise GDM gelişen grupta, ilk trimesterdeki maternal D vitamini seviyesinin GDM gelişmemiş gruba göre anlamlı olarak düşük olduğu
saptanmıştır (p=0,031).

Sonuç: D vitamininin diyabet patogenezinde rolü olduğu önceki çalışmalarda da gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca literatürdeki az sayıdaki çalışmada
da saptandığı gibi bizim bölgesel çalışmamızda da GDM saptanan gebelerde D vitamini eksikliği göze çarpmaktadır. Batı Karadeniz
Bölgesi’ni içeren bu çalışmamız daha kapsamlı prospektif çalışmalara yol gösterici nitelikte olacaktır.

Keywords

• D vitamini
• gebelik
• Gestasyonel diabetes mellitus

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