Tip 2 Diyabetli Hastalarda Metformin ve DPP-4 İnhibitörlerinin Elektrolit ve Vitamin B12 Düzeyleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 164 - 178, 31.08.2025

Zeynep Gizem Todurga Seven , Kübra Çiğdem Pekkoç Uyanık , Fatma Kübra Tombultürk , Erhan Raşit Agay

Abstract

Amaç: Tip 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) tedavisinde sık kullanılan metformin ve DPP-4 inhibitörleri (vildagliptin, linagliptin), glisemik
kontrolü sağlamak için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, elektrolit, mineral dengesi ve B12 vitamini düzeyleri üzerindeki etkileri
tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışma, metformin ve DPP-4 inhibitörlerinin elektrolit dengesi, mineral düzeyleri ve B12 vitamini
üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Metformin ve DPP-4 inhibitörleri alan T2DM hastalarının ve sağlıklı katılımcıların standart laboratuvar
teknikleriyle ölçülen kan örneklerindeki elektrolit/mineral (sodyum, potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum ve klorür) ve vitamin B12
seviyeleri geçmiş tıbbi kayıtlardan elde edildi. Sonuçlar, kontrol grubu ile tedavi grupları arasında ve tedavi grupları da kendi aralarında
karşılaştırılarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Sodyum düzeyleri metformin grubuna kıyasla, metformin+DPP-4 inhibitörü grubunda belirgin şekilde azaldı (p=0.034).
Potasyum düzeyleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla hem metformin hem de DPP-4 inhibitörü tedavi gruplarında belirgin şekilde arttı (sırasıyla
p=0.010, p=0.006). Vitamin B12 düzeyleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla, metformin+DPP-4 inhibitörü grubunda istatistiksel açıdan önemli
bir düşüş gösterdi (p=0.006).
Sonuç: Bu bulgular metformin ve DPP-4 inhibitörlerinin mineral ve elektrolit homeostazı üzerindeki potansiyel etkisini vurgulamakta
ve bu tedavileri gören hastalarda elektrolit ve vitamin B12 düzeylerinin dikkatli bir şekilde izlenmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

T2DM , Metformin , DPP-4 inhibitörü , elektrolit , vitamin B12

Assessment of the Effects of Metformin and DPP-4 Inhibitors on Electrolyte and Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly managed using metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors (vildagliptin, linagliptin) to
improve glycemic control. However, their effects on electrolyte, mineral, and vitamin B12 levels remain unclear. The aim of this research
was to evaluate the impact of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors on electrolyte levels, as well as mineral and vitamin B12 levels.
Material and Methods: Electrolyte and mineral levels (including sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride), along with
vitamin B12 concentrations, measured through standard laboratory methods in blood samples from T2DM patients receiving metformin
and DPP-4 inhibitors, as well as healthy controls, were retrospectively obtained from medical records. The results were analyzed by
comparing the control group with the treatment groups and the treatment groups with each other.
Results: Sodium levels were decreased significantly in the metformin+DPP-4 inhibitor group compared to the metformin group
(p=0.034). Potassium concentrations were considerably elevated in both the metformin group and the DPP-4 inhibitor group than in
the control group (p=0.010 and p=0.006, respectively). Vitamin B12 concentrations demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in
the metformin+DPP-4 inhibitor group relative to the control group (p=0.006).
Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential impact of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors on mineral and electrolyte homeostasis,
emphasizing the importance of regular assessment of electrolyte levels and vitamin B12 status in individuals receiving these treatments.

Keywords

T2DM , metformin , DPP-4 inhibitor , electrolyte , vitamin B12

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