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Obeziteli Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Psikiyatrik Komorbiditenin Araştırılması: Tek Merkezli Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 124 - 135, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1699401

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, obeziteli çocuk ve ergenlerde psikiyatrik komorbidite sıklığı ve dağılımının araştırılması, aynı zamanda obeziteli
çocuklarda hastalık şiddeti ile psikiyatrik hastalık gelişimi arasında olası risk faktörlerinin açığa kavuşturulması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya toplam 87 katılımcı dahil edildi. Bunlardan 60 olgu, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Pediatrik Endokrinoloji Kliniği aracılığıyla 2024–2025 yılları arasında Çocuk Psikiyatrisi Polikliniğine yönlendirilen obezite tanılı
hastalardı; 28’i obez, 32’si ise aşırı obez olarak sınıflandırıldı. Ayrıca, 27 sağlıklı çocuk kontrol grubu olarak yer aldı. Katılımcılara
sosyodemografik veri formu, K-SADS-PL, Çocuklarda Depresyon Envanteri (ÇDE) ve Pediatrik Yaşam Kalitesi Envanteri (PedsQL)
uygulandı. Gruplar arası farklar iki grup için t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans (ANOVA) analizi ile, anlamlı farklılık saptanan durumlarda
post-hoc Tukey testi ile değerlendirildi. Değişkenler arası ilişkiler ise Spearman korelasyon katsayısı ile incelendi.
Bulgular: Obeziteli çocuk ve ergenlerin %37’sinde psikiyatrik komorbiditeler saptanmıştır. En sık görülen tanılar dikkat eksikliği ve
hiperaktivite bozukluğu (%12,1), depresyon (%8,1) ve anksiyete bozuklukları (%6,5) olmuştur. Vücut kütle indeksi ile depresif belirti
şiddeti arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir korelasyon belirlenmiştir (Spearman’s rho = 0,387, p <0,001). Obeziteli grubun yaşam kalitesi
puanları, kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha düşük bulunmuştur. Psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü bulunan bireylerde komorbidite
oranları anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p <0,001).
Sonuç: Obeziteli çocuk ve ergenlerde psikiyatrik komorbidite oranlarının yüksek olması, erken tanı ve bütüncül tedavi yaklaşımlarının
önemini bir kez daha ortaya koymaktadır. Obezite tedavisinde, eşlik eden psikiyatrik bozuklukların tespiti ve uygun müdahalelerin
planlanması, tedavi etkinliğini artırarak bu çocukların yaşam kalitesinin yükselmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

References

  • 1. Russell-Mayhew S, McVey G, Bardick A, Ireland A. Mental Health, Wellness, and Childhood Overweight/Obesity. Journal of Obesity. 2012 Jun 24;2012:e281801.
  • 2. Beynon C. Association between children living with obesity and Mental Health problems: a data analysis of the Welsh Health Survey, UK. BMC Public Health. 2023 Feb 23;23(1):383.
  • 3. Styne D. Pediatric obesity-assessment, treatment, and prevention: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2018. p. 5–5.
  • 4. Anderson LN, Yoshida-Montezuma Y, Dewart N, Jalil E, Khattar J, De Rubeis V, et al. Obesity and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 2023;24(5):e13550.
  • 5. Özer Y, Kaya DG. Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analiz ile Vücut Yağı Yüzdesi Analizi Yapılan Çocuk ve Adölesanlarda Geleneksel ve Yeni Antropometrik İndekslerin Karşılaştırılması. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi. 2024;8(1):79–87.
  • 6. Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A, Bundak R, Gökçay G, Darendeliler F, et al. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2008;51(1):1–14.
  • 7. Masood B, Moorthy M. Causes of obesity: a review. Clinical Medicine. 2023 Jul 1;23(4):284–91.
  • 8. Özer Y, Altınok Eİ. Ordu İli ve Çevresinde Diyabet Tanısı ile İzlenen Olguların Demografik, Klinik, Laboratuvar Özellikleri: Çocuklarda Obezite Nedeniyle Tip 2 Diyabet Sıklığı Artıyor mu? Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi. 2024;8(1):27–34.
  • 9. Sevencan NÖ, Özkan AE. Bir üniversite hastanesinin 3 yıllık obezite ve diyabet prevalansı: erişkin ve çocukluk çağı verilerinin retrospektif analizi. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi. 2019;3(1):31–6.
  • 10. Kokka I, Mourikis I, Bacopoulou F. Psychiatric Disorders and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence—A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies. Children. 2023 Feb;10(2):285.
  • 11. Small L, Aplasca A. Child Obesity and Mental Health. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2016 Apr;25(2):269–82.
  • 12. Özgen ZE. Okul çağındaki fazla kilolu ve obez çocuklarda renkli piramit beslenme eğitimi programı ve nintendo wii oyununun, kilo kaybı ve ruh sağlığı üzerine etkisi [İnternet] [masterThesis]. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2019 [cited 2024 Mar 13]. Available from: https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/ 20.500.12812/144308
  • 13. Sutaria S, Devakumar D, Yasuda SS, Das S, Saxena S. Is obesity associated with depression in children? Systematic review and meta-analysis. 2019 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Mar 23]; Available from: https://adc.bmj.com/content/104/1/64.short
  • 14. Schwimmer JB, Burwinkle TM, Varni JW. Health-Related Quality of Life of Severely Obese Children and Adolescents. JAMA. 2003 Apr 9;289(14):1813–9.
  • 15. Lim CS, Espil FM, Viana AG, Janicke DM. Associations between Child Anxiety Symptoms and Child and Family Factors in Pediatric Obesity. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2015;36(9):664–72.
  • 16. Cortese S, Moreira-Maia CR, St. Fleur D, Morcillo-Peñalver C, Rohde LA, Faraone SV. Association Between ADHD and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. AJP. 2016 Jan;173(1):34–43.
  • 17. Förster LJ, Vogel M, Stein R, Hilbert A, Breinker JL, Böttcher M, et al. Mental health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. BMC Public Health. 2023 Jan 19;23(1):135.
  • 18. Ünal F, Öktem F, Çetin Çuhadaroğlu F, Çengel Kültür SE, Akdemi D, Foto Özdemir D, et al. Reliability and validity of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for schoolage children-present and lifetime version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T). Turkish Journal of Psychiatry [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Jun 7];30(1). Available from: https://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/PDF/C30S1/ en/TPD_18036_UNAL_reliability_P.pdf
  • 19. Kovacs M. Children’s Depression Inventory [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2025 Mar 9]. Available from: https://doi.apa.org/ doi/10.1037/t19482-000
  • 20. Memık NÇ, Ağaoğlu B, Coşkun A, Ünerı ÖŞ, Karakaya I. Çocuklar İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin 13-18 YaŞ Ergen Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenilirliği. | EBSCOhost [İnternet]. Vol. 18. 2007 [cited 2025 Mar 24]. p. 353. Available from: https:// openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd:35686359?sid=ebsco: plink:crawler&id=ebsco:gcd:35686359
  • 21. Varni JW, Seid M, Rode CA. The PedsQLTM: Measurement Model for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Medical Care. 1999 Feb;37(2):126.
  • 22. Nigg JT, Johnstone JM, Musser ED, Long HG, Willoughby MT, Shannon J. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and being overweight/obesity: New data and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2016 Feb 1;43:67–79.
  • 23. Işık Ü, Bağcı B, Aktepe E, Kılıç F, Pirgon Ö. Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Adolescents with Obesity. tjcamh. 2020 Jul 1;27(2):85–90.
  • 24. Önder A, Kavurma C, Çelmeli G, Sürer Adanır A, Özatalay E. Assessment of psychopathology, quality of life and parental behaviours of children and adolescents with obesity. BUCH [İnternet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Mar 23]; Available from: https:// behcetuzdergisi.com/articles/doi/buchd.2018.051
  • 25. Mustillo S, Worthman C, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A, Costello EJ. Obesity and psychiatric disorder: developmental trajectories. Pediatrics. 2003 Apr;111(4 Pt 1):851–9.
  • 26. Özalp Kızılay D, Yalın Sapmaz Ş, Şen S, Özkan Y, Ersoy B. Insulin Resistance as Related to Psychiatric Disorders in Obese Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2018 Nov 29;10(4):364-372. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.0055.
  • 27. Dellenmark-Blom M, Järvholm K, Sjögren L, Levinsson A, Dahlgren J. Neurodevelopmental disorders in children seeking obesity treatment- associations with intellectual ability and psychiatric conditions. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2024 Aug 19 [cited 2025 May 7];15. Available from: https://www.frontiersin. orghttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/ 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1332598/full
  • 28. Sammels O, Karjalainen L, Dahlgren J, Wentz E. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obesity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obesity Facts. 2022 Mar 9;15(3):305–20.
  • 29. Halfon N, Larson K, Slusser W. Associations Between Obesity and Comorbid Mental Health, Developmental, and Physical Health Conditions in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Children Aged 10 to 17. Academic Pediatrics. 2013 Jan 1;13(1):6–13.
  • 30. Galler A, Thönnes A, Joas J, Joisten C, Körner A, Reinehr T, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children, adolescents and young adults with overweight or obesity and mental health disorders. Int J Obes. 2024 Mar;48(3):423–32.
  • 31. Xiao P, Li C, Mi J, Wu J. Evaluating the distinct effects of body mass index at childhood and adulthood on adult major psychiatric disorders. Science Advances. 2024 Sep 13;10(37):eadq2452.

Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Single-Center Study

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 124 - 135, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1699401

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the frequency and distribution of psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with obesity,
as well as to identify potential risk factors between disease severity and the development of psychiatric disorders in obese children.
Material and Methods: The study included 87 cases. Of these, 60 cases diagnosed with obesity were referred to the Child Psychiatry
Outpatient Clinic between 2024 and 2025 through the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Faculty
of Medicine; 28 were classified as obese and 32 as severely obese. In addition, 27 healthy children served as the control group.
Sociodemographic data form, K-SADS-PL, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)
were applied to the cases. Group differences were analyzed using an independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, with post-hoc
Tukey tests conducted when significant differences were observed. The relationships between the variables were examined with the
Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results: Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 37% of children and adolescent cases with obesity. The diagnoses that appeared most
frequently were ADHD (12.1%), depression (8.1%), and anxiety disorders (6.5%). A significant positive relationship was observed
between BMI and depressive symptom severity (Spearman’s rho = 0.387, p <0.001). Quality of life scores were significantly lower in the
children with obesity compared to controls. A family history of psychiatric illness was significantly associated with higher comorbidity
rates (p <0.001).
Conclusion: The elevated occurrence in children and adolescents with obesity highlights the importance of early diagnosis and integrated
treatment approaches. Addressing co-occurring psychiatric disorders can improve treatment outcomes and enhance quality of life.

References

  • 1. Russell-Mayhew S, McVey G, Bardick A, Ireland A. Mental Health, Wellness, and Childhood Overweight/Obesity. Journal of Obesity. 2012 Jun 24;2012:e281801.
  • 2. Beynon C. Association between children living with obesity and Mental Health problems: a data analysis of the Welsh Health Survey, UK. BMC Public Health. 2023 Feb 23;23(1):383.
  • 3. Styne D. Pediatric obesity-assessment, treatment, and prevention: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. In: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 2018. p. 5–5.
  • 4. Anderson LN, Yoshida-Montezuma Y, Dewart N, Jalil E, Khattar J, De Rubeis V, et al. Obesity and weight change during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 2023;24(5):e13550.
  • 5. Özer Y, Kaya DG. Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analiz ile Vücut Yağı Yüzdesi Analizi Yapılan Çocuk ve Adölesanlarda Geleneksel ve Yeni Antropometrik İndekslerin Karşılaştırılması. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi. 2024;8(1):79–87.
  • 6. Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A, Bundak R, Gökçay G, Darendeliler F, et al. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2008;51(1):1–14.
  • 7. Masood B, Moorthy M. Causes of obesity: a review. Clinical Medicine. 2023 Jul 1;23(4):284–91.
  • 8. Özer Y, Altınok Eİ. Ordu İli ve Çevresinde Diyabet Tanısı ile İzlenen Olguların Demografik, Klinik, Laboratuvar Özellikleri: Çocuklarda Obezite Nedeniyle Tip 2 Diyabet Sıklığı Artıyor mu? Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi. 2024;8(1):27–34.
  • 9. Sevencan NÖ, Özkan AE. Bir üniversite hastanesinin 3 yıllık obezite ve diyabet prevalansı: erişkin ve çocukluk çağı verilerinin retrospektif analizi. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi. 2019;3(1):31–6.
  • 10. Kokka I, Mourikis I, Bacopoulou F. Psychiatric Disorders and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence—A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies. Children. 2023 Feb;10(2):285.
  • 11. Small L, Aplasca A. Child Obesity and Mental Health. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2016 Apr;25(2):269–82.
  • 12. Özgen ZE. Okul çağındaki fazla kilolu ve obez çocuklarda renkli piramit beslenme eğitimi programı ve nintendo wii oyununun, kilo kaybı ve ruh sağlığı üzerine etkisi [İnternet] [masterThesis]. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2019 [cited 2024 Mar 13]. Available from: https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/ 20.500.12812/144308
  • 13. Sutaria S, Devakumar D, Yasuda SS, Das S, Saxena S. Is obesity associated with depression in children? Systematic review and meta-analysis. 2019 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Mar 23]; Available from: https://adc.bmj.com/content/104/1/64.short
  • 14. Schwimmer JB, Burwinkle TM, Varni JW. Health-Related Quality of Life of Severely Obese Children and Adolescents. JAMA. 2003 Apr 9;289(14):1813–9.
  • 15. Lim CS, Espil FM, Viana AG, Janicke DM. Associations between Child Anxiety Symptoms and Child and Family Factors in Pediatric Obesity. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2015;36(9):664–72.
  • 16. Cortese S, Moreira-Maia CR, St. Fleur D, Morcillo-Peñalver C, Rohde LA, Faraone SV. Association Between ADHD and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. AJP. 2016 Jan;173(1):34–43.
  • 17. Förster LJ, Vogel M, Stein R, Hilbert A, Breinker JL, Böttcher M, et al. Mental health in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. BMC Public Health. 2023 Jan 19;23(1):135.
  • 18. Ünal F, Öktem F, Çetin Çuhadaroğlu F, Çengel Kültür SE, Akdemi D, Foto Özdemir D, et al. Reliability and validity of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for schoolage children-present and lifetime version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T). Turkish Journal of Psychiatry [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2024 Jun 7];30(1). Available from: https://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/PDF/C30S1/ en/TPD_18036_UNAL_reliability_P.pdf
  • 19. Kovacs M. Children’s Depression Inventory [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2025 Mar 9]. Available from: https://doi.apa.org/ doi/10.1037/t19482-000
  • 20. Memık NÇ, Ağaoğlu B, Coşkun A, Ünerı ÖŞ, Karakaya I. Çocuklar İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeğinin 13-18 YaŞ Ergen Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenilirliği. | EBSCOhost [İnternet]. Vol. 18. 2007 [cited 2025 Mar 24]. p. 353. Available from: https:// openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd:35686359?sid=ebsco: plink:crawler&id=ebsco:gcd:35686359
  • 21. Varni JW, Seid M, Rode CA. The PedsQLTM: Measurement Model for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Medical Care. 1999 Feb;37(2):126.
  • 22. Nigg JT, Johnstone JM, Musser ED, Long HG, Willoughby MT, Shannon J. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and being overweight/obesity: New data and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review. 2016 Feb 1;43:67–79.
  • 23. Işık Ü, Bağcı B, Aktepe E, Kılıç F, Pirgon Ö. Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Adolescents with Obesity. tjcamh. 2020 Jul 1;27(2):85–90.
  • 24. Önder A, Kavurma C, Çelmeli G, Sürer Adanır A, Özatalay E. Assessment of psychopathology, quality of life and parental behaviours of children and adolescents with obesity. BUCH [İnternet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Mar 23]; Available from: https:// behcetuzdergisi.com/articles/doi/buchd.2018.051
  • 25. Mustillo S, Worthman C, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A, Costello EJ. Obesity and psychiatric disorder: developmental trajectories. Pediatrics. 2003 Apr;111(4 Pt 1):851–9.
  • 26. Özalp Kızılay D, Yalın Sapmaz Ş, Şen S, Özkan Y, Ersoy B. Insulin Resistance as Related to Psychiatric Disorders in Obese Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2018 Nov 29;10(4):364-372. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.0055.
  • 27. Dellenmark-Blom M, Järvholm K, Sjögren L, Levinsson A, Dahlgren J. Neurodevelopmental disorders in children seeking obesity treatment- associations with intellectual ability and psychiatric conditions. Front Psychiatry [Internet]. 2024 Aug 19 [cited 2025 May 7];15. Available from: https://www.frontiersin. orghttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/ 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1332598/full
  • 28. Sammels O, Karjalainen L, Dahlgren J, Wentz E. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obesity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obesity Facts. 2022 Mar 9;15(3):305–20.
  • 29. Halfon N, Larson K, Slusser W. Associations Between Obesity and Comorbid Mental Health, Developmental, and Physical Health Conditions in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Children Aged 10 to 17. Academic Pediatrics. 2013 Jan 1;13(1):6–13.
  • 30. Galler A, Thönnes A, Joas J, Joisten C, Körner A, Reinehr T, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children, adolescents and young adults with overweight or obesity and mental health disorders. Int J Obes. 2024 Mar;48(3):423–32.
  • 31. Xiao P, Li C, Mi J, Wu J. Evaluating the distinct effects of body mass index at childhood and adulthood on adult major psychiatric disorders. Science Advances. 2024 Sep 13;10(37):eadq2452.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychiatry
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Öznur Adıgüzel Akman 0000-0001-8196-6664

Hakan Kayış 0000-0001-6800-9587

Esra Bilici 0000-0002-9262-7200

Ceyda Bıyıklı 0009-0009-2011-3006

Hacer Arıkan 0009-0000-8478-2713

Elif Mumcu 0009-0003-1200-2513

Ezgi Özkan 0009-0001-0653-9643

Publication Date August 31, 2025
Submission Date May 15, 2025
Acceptance Date August 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Adıgüzel Akman, Ö., Kayış, H., Bilici, E., … Bıyıklı, C. (2025). Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Single-Center Study. Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 9(2), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1699401
AMA Adıgüzel Akman Ö, Kayış H, Bilici E, et al. Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Single-Center Study. Turk J Diab Obes. August 2025;9(2):124-135. doi:10.25048/tudod.1699401
Chicago Adıgüzel Akman, Öznur, Hakan Kayış, Esra Bilici, Ceyda Bıyıklı, Hacer Arıkan, Elif Mumcu, and Ezgi Özkan. “Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents With Obesity: A Single-Center Study”. Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity 9, no. 2 (August 2025): 124-35. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1699401.
EndNote Adıgüzel Akman Ö, Kayış H, Bilici E, Bıyıklı C, Arıkan H, Mumcu E, Özkan E (August 1, 2025) Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Single-Center Study. Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity 9 2 124–135.
IEEE Ö. Adıgüzel Akman, H. Kayış, E. Bilici, C. Bıyıklı, H. Arıkan, E. Mumcu, and E. Özkan, “Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Single-Center Study”, Turk J Diab Obes, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 124–135, 2025, doi: 10.25048/tudod.1699401.
ISNAD Adıgüzel Akman, Öznur et al. “Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents With Obesity: A Single-Center Study”. Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity 9/2 (August2025), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1699401.
JAMA Adıgüzel Akman Ö, Kayış H, Bilici E, Bıyıklı C, Arıkan H, Mumcu E, Özkan E. Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Single-Center Study. Turk J Diab Obes. 2025;9:124–135.
MLA Adıgüzel Akman, Öznur et al. “Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents With Obesity: A Single-Center Study”. Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, vol. 9, no. 2, 2025, pp. 124-35, doi:10.25048/tudod.1699401.
Vancouver Adıgüzel Akman Ö, Kayış H, Bilici E, Bıyıklı C, Arıkan H, Mumcu E, et al. Investigation of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Single-Center Study. Turk J Diab Obes. 2025;9(2):124-35.

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