Social Media Influencer Marketing in Tunisia: A Comprehensive Qualitative Analysis of Influencer Campaigns
Year 2025,
Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 17 - 30, 30.06.2025
Chirine Belaid
Merve Kadriye Yurdabak
Abstract
This study explored the impact of social media influencer marketing on consumer behavior and brand perception
in Tunisia through two case studies: “Yousr Ferjani and Natura Siberica” and “Study Abroad With Samy Chaffai.”
Using qualitative methods and thematic analysis, the research examined influencers' content strategies,
engagement, and audience response. Findings show that authenticity, cultural relevance, and strategic use of
content formats across platforms are key to successful influencer campaigns. Influencers who align with the
promoted brand and remain transparent foster greater trust and engagement. The study offers valuable insights for
optimizing influencer marketing in the Tunisian context.
References
- Abidin, C. (2016). Visibility labour: Engaging with influencers’ fashion brands and #ootd
advertisements on Instagram. PhD Thesis, University of Western Australia.
- Abrahams, A. S., Jiao, J., Wang, G. A., & Fan, W. (2012). Vehicle defect discovery from social media.
Decision Support Systems, 54(1), 87-97.
- Alami, A. (2022). The Evolution of Influencer Marketing in North Africa. Journal of Digital Marketing,
15(2), 45-58.
- Audrezet, A., de Kerviler, G., & Moulard, J. G. (2018). Authenticity under threat: When social media
influencers need to go beyond self-presentation. Journal of Business Research, 117, 557-569.
- Audrezet, A., de Kerviler, G., & Moulard, J. G. (2020). "I am not a robot": Anthropomorphism,
personalisation, and the role of digital influencers in consumer-brand relationships. Journal of
Business Research, 117, 293-306.
- Baird, C. H., & Parasnis, G. (2011). From social media to social CRM: What customers want. Journal
of Strategic and Competitive Intelligence, 7(1), 1-12.
- Bauman, Z. (2007). Consuming Life. John Wiley & Sons.
- Bergstrom, T., & Backman, L. (2013). Marketing and PR in social media: How the utilization of
Instagram builds and maintains customer relationships. Digital Marketing Journal, 5(2), 123-
135.
- Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal
of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
- Brown, D., & Fiorella, S. (2013). Influencer marketing: Who really influences your customers? Que
Publishing.
- Brown, S. (2023). The role of fitness influencers in promoting healthy lifestyles. Journal of Health and
Wellness, 52(3), 141-158.
- Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V., & Schäfer, D. B. (2012). Are social media replacing traditional media in
terms of brand equity creation? Management Research Review, 35(9), 770-790.
- Budden, C. B., Anthony, J. F., Budden, M. C., & Jones, M. A. (2011). Managing the evolution of a
revolution: Marketing implications of Internet media usage among college students. College
Teaching Methods & Styles Journal (CTMS), 3(3), 5-10.
- Chaffey, D., & Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2019). Digital marketing: Strategy, implementation, and practice.
Pearson.
- Chan, K. (2019). The impact of influencer marketing on consumer decision-making. Journal of
Marketing Communications, 25(3), 262-276.
- Chung, S., & Cho, H. (2017). The impact of social media influencers on purchase intention: The role of
trust and perceived authenticity. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 39, 16-29.
- Culnan, M. J., McHugh, P. J., & Zeng, L. (2010). How ethics can improve customer relationship
management: The role of social media. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(2), 223-238.
- DataReportal. (2021). Digital 2021: Tunisia. Retrieved from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital2021-tunisia.
DataReportal. (2023). Digital 2023: Tunisia. Retrieved from DataReportal.
- De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers:
Impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal
of Advertising, 36(5), 798-828.
- De Vries, L., Gensler, S., & Leeflang, P. S. H. (2012). Popularity of brand posts on brand fan pages: An
investigation of the effects of social media marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(2),
83-91.
- Deloitte. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on digital marketing. Retrieved from Deloitte.
- Eisenberg, B., Eisenberg, J., & Egan, R. (2014). The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social
media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach
buyers directly. Wiley.
- Erkan, I., & Evans, C. (2016). The impact of eWOM and social media marketing on consumer behavior.
Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 785-791.
- Evans, P., & Wurster, T. S. (1999). Getting real about virtual commerce. Harvard Business Review,
77(6), 85–94.
- Facebook Business. (2024). Facebook insights. Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/business/help/
- Few, S. (2012). Information dashboard design: The effective visual communication of data. O'Reilly
Media.
- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach.
Psychology Press.
- Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media
influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 90-
92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.11.001
- GlobalWebIndex. (2022). Social media trends in MENA. Retrieved from GWI.
- Google Analytics. (2024). Google analytics. Retrieved from https://analytics.google.com/
- GSMA. (2023). The mobile economy North Africa 2023. Retrieved from GSMA.
- Gunelius, S. (2011). 30-minute social media marketing: Step-by-step techniques to spread the word
about your business. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Hadj Taieb, E. (2020). The digital landscape in Tunisia: Opportunities for growth. Retrieved from
https://www.tunisian-digital-landscape.com
- Harris, L. (2023). The rise of fitness and wellness influencers. Health Today, 43(3), 90-106.
- He, W., Wang, F., Chen, Y., & Zha, S. (2017). The impact of social media on online consumer behavior.
Journal of Business Research, 78, 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.05.004
- Hootsuite & We Are Social. (2023). Digital 2023 global overview report. Retrieved from Hootsuite.
- Hootsuite. (2023). TikTok statistics 2023. Retrieved from Hootsuite.
- Hootsuite. (2024). Hootsuite analytics. Retrieved from https://hootsuite.com/
- Horton, D., & Wohl, R. R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction: Observations on
intimacy at a distance. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215-229.
- Hsu, C. L., Chuang, H. M., & Hsu, H. Y. (2013). Exploring the relationship between online social
support and social media marketing effectiveness: A social media case study. International
Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 606-615.
- Hsu, C. L., Lin, J. C. C., & Chiang, H. S. (2013). The effects of blogger recommendations on customers’
online shopping intentions. Internet Research, 23(1), 69-88.
https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241311295782
- Influence4You. (2020). The state of influencer marketing in 2020. Retrieved from Influence4You.
- Influencer Marketing Hub. (2023). The state of influencer marketing in 2023. Retrieved from Influencer
Marketing Hub.
- Jansen, B. J., Sobel, K., & Cook, J. (2014). Social media metrics and analytics: The state of the art.
Journal of Digital & Social Media Marketing, 2(3), 271-282.
- Java, A., Song, X., Finin, T., & Tseng, B. (2007). Why we Twitter: Understanding microblogging usage
and communities. Proceedings of the 9th WebKDD and 1st SNA-KDD 2007 Workshop on Web
Mining and Social Network Analysis, 56-65.
- Jin, S. V., & Phua, J. (2014). Influencer marketing: How social media influencers affect consumer
perceptions and behavior. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 14(2), 31-42.
- Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of
Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.
- Kantar TNS. (2021). Connected life study: Tunisia. Retrieved from Kantar.
- Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? Get serious!
Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241-
251.
- Kim, A. J., & Ko, E. (2012). Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An
empirical study of luxury fashion brand. Journal of Business Research, 65(10), 1480-1486.
- Kim, J., & Mueller, C. W. (2001). Factor analysis: Statistical methods and practical issues. Sage.
Kohli, C., Suri, R., & Kapoor, A. (2014). Will social media kill branding? Business Horizons, 57(6),
687-692.
- Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing management (14th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Kumar, V., & Mirchandani, R. (2012). Increasing the ROI of social media marketing. MIT Sloan
Management Review, 54(1), 55.
- Lange, P. G. (2007). Publicly private and privately public: Social networking on YouTube. Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 361-380.
- Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., & Richard, M.-O. (2013). To be or not to be in social media: How brand
loyalty is affected by social media? International Journal of Information Management, 33(1),
76-82.
- Lieb, R. (2012). Content marketing: Think like a publisher – How to use content to market online and
in social Media. Que Publishing.
- Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: How message value and credibility affect consumer
trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58-73.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501
- Malthouse, E. C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E., & Zhang, M. (2013). Managing customer
relationships in the social media era: Introducing the social CRM house. Journal of Interactive
Marketing, 27(4), 270-280.
- Millen, D. R., Feinberg, J., & Kerr, B. (2005). Dogear: Social bookmarking in the enterprise.
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in Computing Systems, 111-120.
- National Institute of Statistics (INS). (2016). Annual report on internet penetration in Tunisia. Retrieved
from INS.
- NapoleonCat. (2023). Instagram users in Tunisia. Retrieved from NapoleonCat.
Pew Research Center. (2021). Social media use in emerging economies. Retrieved from Pew Research
Center.
- Preece, J. (2000). Online communities: Designing usability, supporting sociability. John Wiley & Sons.
- Pulizzi, J. (2014). Epic content marketing: How to tell a different story, break through the clutter, and
win more customers by marketing less. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Sammis, K., Lincoln, C., & Pomponi, S. (2015). Influencer marketing for dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
- Sanny, L., Oktavia, D., Limuria, H., & Perdana, F. (2020). The impact of influencer marketing on
consumer behavior in the fashion industry. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 12(3),
35-44.
- Sashi, C. M. (2012). Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media. Management
Decision, 50(2), 253-272.
- Schwab, K. (2017). The fourth industrial revolution. Currency.
- Shapiro, S. L., & Varian, H. R. (1998). Information rules: A strategic guide to the network economy.
Harvard Business School Press.
- Smith, A. N., Fischer, E., & Yongjian, C. (2012). How does brand-related user-generated content differ
across YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(2), 102-113.
- Solomon, M. R. (2020). Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (13th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Sprout Social. (2024). Sprout social analytics. Retrieved from https://sproutsocial.com/
- Tapscott, D., & Williams, A. D. (2010). Innovating the 21st-century organization. MIT Sloan
Management Review, 51(3), 55-60.
- Tiago, M. T. P. M. B., & Veríssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?
Business Horizons, 57(6), 703-708.
- Tirunillai, S., & Tellis, G. J. (2012). Does chatter really matter? Dynamics of user-generated content
and stock performance. Marketing Science, 31(2), 198-215.
- Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of word-of-mouth versus traditional
marketing: Findings from an internet social networking site. Journal of Marketing, 73(5), 90-
102.
- Wang, Y., Min, Q., & Han, S. (2016). Understanding the influence of social media in the diffusion
process of new products: An empirical investigation of mobile phone market. Journal of
Product Innovation Management, 33(6), 816-834.
- Wilson, R. F., & Goodson, S. (2013). Social media marketing for dummies. Wiley.
- Woodside, A. G., & Chebat, J. C. (2001). Updating Heider's balance theory in consumer behavior: A
revised model. Psychology and Marketing, 18(5), 475-492.
- Zephoria. (2024). Facebook Statistics 2024. Retrieved from https://zephoria.com/facebook-statistics/
- Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment
in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1816-1836
Tunus'ta Sosyal Medya Influencer Pazarlaması: Influencer Kampanyalarının Kapsamlı Bir Nitel Analizi
Year 2025,
Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 17 - 30, 30.06.2025
Chirine Belaid
Merve Kadriye Yurdabak
Abstract
This study explored the impact of social media influencer marketing on consumer behavior and brand perception in Tunisia through two case studies: “Yousr Ferjani and Natura Siberica” and “Study Abroad With Samy Chaffai.” Using qualitative methods and thematic analysis, the research examined influencers' content strategies, engagement, and audience response. Findings show that authenticity, cultural relevance, and strategic use of content formats across platforms are key to successful influencer campaigns. Influencers who align with the promoted brand and remain transparent foster greater trust and engagement. The study offers valuable insights for optimizing influencer marketing in the Tunisian context.
References
- Abidin, C. (2016). Visibility labour: Engaging with influencers’ fashion brands and #ootd
advertisements on Instagram. PhD Thesis, University of Western Australia.
- Abrahams, A. S., Jiao, J., Wang, G. A., & Fan, W. (2012). Vehicle defect discovery from social media.
Decision Support Systems, 54(1), 87-97.
- Alami, A. (2022). The Evolution of Influencer Marketing in North Africa. Journal of Digital Marketing,
15(2), 45-58.
- Audrezet, A., de Kerviler, G., & Moulard, J. G. (2018). Authenticity under threat: When social media
influencers need to go beyond self-presentation. Journal of Business Research, 117, 557-569.
- Audrezet, A., de Kerviler, G., & Moulard, J. G. (2020). "I am not a robot": Anthropomorphism,
personalisation, and the role of digital influencers in consumer-brand relationships. Journal of
Business Research, 117, 293-306.
- Baird, C. H., & Parasnis, G. (2011). From social media to social CRM: What customers want. Journal
of Strategic and Competitive Intelligence, 7(1), 1-12.
- Bauman, Z. (2007). Consuming Life. John Wiley & Sons.
- Bergstrom, T., & Backman, L. (2013). Marketing and PR in social media: How the utilization of
Instagram builds and maintains customer relationships. Digital Marketing Journal, 5(2), 123-
135.
- Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal
of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
- Brown, D., & Fiorella, S. (2013). Influencer marketing: Who really influences your customers? Que
Publishing.
- Brown, S. (2023). The role of fitness influencers in promoting healthy lifestyles. Journal of Health and
Wellness, 52(3), 141-158.
- Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V., & Schäfer, D. B. (2012). Are social media replacing traditional media in
terms of brand equity creation? Management Research Review, 35(9), 770-790.
- Budden, C. B., Anthony, J. F., Budden, M. C., & Jones, M. A. (2011). Managing the evolution of a
revolution: Marketing implications of Internet media usage among college students. College
Teaching Methods & Styles Journal (CTMS), 3(3), 5-10.
- Chaffey, D., & Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2019). Digital marketing: Strategy, implementation, and practice.
Pearson.
- Chan, K. (2019). The impact of influencer marketing on consumer decision-making. Journal of
Marketing Communications, 25(3), 262-276.
- Chung, S., & Cho, H. (2017). The impact of social media influencers on purchase intention: The role of
trust and perceived authenticity. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 39, 16-29.
- Culnan, M. J., McHugh, P. J., & Zeng, L. (2010). How ethics can improve customer relationship
management: The role of social media. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(2), 223-238.
- DataReportal. (2021). Digital 2021: Tunisia. Retrieved from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital2021-tunisia.
DataReportal. (2023). Digital 2023: Tunisia. Retrieved from DataReportal.
- De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers:
Impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal
of Advertising, 36(5), 798-828.
- De Vries, L., Gensler, S., & Leeflang, P. S. H. (2012). Popularity of brand posts on brand fan pages: An
investigation of the effects of social media marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(2),
83-91.
- Deloitte. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on digital marketing. Retrieved from Deloitte.
- Eisenberg, B., Eisenberg, J., & Egan, R. (2014). The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social
media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach
buyers directly. Wiley.
- Erkan, I., & Evans, C. (2016). The impact of eWOM and social media marketing on consumer behavior.
Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 785-791.
- Evans, P., & Wurster, T. S. (1999). Getting real about virtual commerce. Harvard Business Review,
77(6), 85–94.
- Facebook Business. (2024). Facebook insights. Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/business/help/
- Few, S. (2012). Information dashboard design: The effective visual communication of data. O'Reilly
Media.
- Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach.
Psychology Press.
- Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media
influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 90-
92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.11.001
- GlobalWebIndex. (2022). Social media trends in MENA. Retrieved from GWI.
- Google Analytics. (2024). Google analytics. Retrieved from https://analytics.google.com/
- GSMA. (2023). The mobile economy North Africa 2023. Retrieved from GSMA.
- Gunelius, S. (2011). 30-minute social media marketing: Step-by-step techniques to spread the word
about your business. McGraw Hill Professional.
- Hadj Taieb, E. (2020). The digital landscape in Tunisia: Opportunities for growth. Retrieved from
https://www.tunisian-digital-landscape.com
- Harris, L. (2023). The rise of fitness and wellness influencers. Health Today, 43(3), 90-106.
- He, W., Wang, F., Chen, Y., & Zha, S. (2017). The impact of social media on online consumer behavior.
Journal of Business Research, 78, 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.05.004
- Hootsuite & We Are Social. (2023). Digital 2023 global overview report. Retrieved from Hootsuite.
- Hootsuite. (2023). TikTok statistics 2023. Retrieved from Hootsuite.
- Hootsuite. (2024). Hootsuite analytics. Retrieved from https://hootsuite.com/
- Horton, D., & Wohl, R. R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction: Observations on
intimacy at a distance. Psychiatry, 19(3), 215-229.
- Hsu, C. L., Chuang, H. M., & Hsu, H. Y. (2013). Exploring the relationship between online social
support and social media marketing effectiveness: A social media case study. International
Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 606-615.
- Hsu, C. L., Lin, J. C. C., & Chiang, H. S. (2013). The effects of blogger recommendations on customers’
online shopping intentions. Internet Research, 23(1), 69-88.
https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241311295782
- Influence4You. (2020). The state of influencer marketing in 2020. Retrieved from Influence4You.
- Influencer Marketing Hub. (2023). The state of influencer marketing in 2023. Retrieved from Influencer
Marketing Hub.
- Jansen, B. J., Sobel, K., & Cook, J. (2014). Social media metrics and analytics: The state of the art.
Journal of Digital & Social Media Marketing, 2(3), 271-282.
- Java, A., Song, X., Finin, T., & Tseng, B. (2007). Why we Twitter: Understanding microblogging usage
and communities. Proceedings of the 9th WebKDD and 1st SNA-KDD 2007 Workshop on Web
Mining and Social Network Analysis, 56-65.
- Jin, S. V., & Phua, J. (2014). Influencer marketing: How social media influencers affect consumer
perceptions and behavior. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 14(2), 31-42.
- Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of
Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.
- Kantar TNS. (2021). Connected life study: Tunisia. Retrieved from Kantar.
- Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? Get serious!
Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 54(3), 241-
251.
- Kim, A. J., & Ko, E. (2012). Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An
empirical study of luxury fashion brand. Journal of Business Research, 65(10), 1480-1486.
- Kim, J., & Mueller, C. W. (2001). Factor analysis: Statistical methods and practical issues. Sage.
Kohli, C., Suri, R., & Kapoor, A. (2014). Will social media kill branding? Business Horizons, 57(6),
687-692.
- Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing management (14th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Kumar, V., & Mirchandani, R. (2012). Increasing the ROI of social media marketing. MIT Sloan
Management Review, 54(1), 55.
- Lange, P. G. (2007). Publicly private and privately public: Social networking on YouTube. Journal of
Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 361-380.
- Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., & Richard, M.-O. (2013). To be or not to be in social media: How brand
loyalty is affected by social media? International Journal of Information Management, 33(1),
76-82.
- Lieb, R. (2012). Content marketing: Think like a publisher – How to use content to market online and
in social Media. Que Publishing.
- Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: How message value and credibility affect consumer
trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58-73.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501
- Malthouse, E. C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E., & Zhang, M. (2013). Managing customer
relationships in the social media era: Introducing the social CRM house. Journal of Interactive
Marketing, 27(4), 270-280.
- Millen, D. R., Feinberg, J., & Kerr, B. (2005). Dogear: Social bookmarking in the enterprise.
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in Computing Systems, 111-120.
- National Institute of Statistics (INS). (2016). Annual report on internet penetration in Tunisia. Retrieved
from INS.
- NapoleonCat. (2023). Instagram users in Tunisia. Retrieved from NapoleonCat.
Pew Research Center. (2021). Social media use in emerging economies. Retrieved from Pew Research
Center.
- Preece, J. (2000). Online communities: Designing usability, supporting sociability. John Wiley & Sons.
- Pulizzi, J. (2014). Epic content marketing: How to tell a different story, break through the clutter, and
win more customers by marketing less. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Sammis, K., Lincoln, C., & Pomponi, S. (2015). Influencer marketing for dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
- Sanny, L., Oktavia, D., Limuria, H., & Perdana, F. (2020). The impact of influencer marketing on
consumer behavior in the fashion industry. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 12(3),
35-44.
- Sashi, C. M. (2012). Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media. Management
Decision, 50(2), 253-272.
- Schwab, K. (2017). The fourth industrial revolution. Currency.
- Shapiro, S. L., & Varian, H. R. (1998). Information rules: A strategic guide to the network economy.
Harvard Business School Press.
- Smith, A. N., Fischer, E., & Yongjian, C. (2012). How does brand-related user-generated content differ
across YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(2), 102-113.
- Solomon, M. R. (2020). Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (13th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Sprout Social. (2024). Sprout social analytics. Retrieved from https://sproutsocial.com/
- Tapscott, D., & Williams, A. D. (2010). Innovating the 21st-century organization. MIT Sloan
Management Review, 51(3), 55-60.
- Tiago, M. T. P. M. B., & Veríssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?
Business Horizons, 57(6), 703-708.
- Tirunillai, S., & Tellis, G. J. (2012). Does chatter really matter? Dynamics of user-generated content
and stock performance. Marketing Science, 31(2), 198-215.
- Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of word-of-mouth versus traditional
marketing: Findings from an internet social networking site. Journal of Marketing, 73(5), 90-
102.
- Wang, Y., Min, Q., & Han, S. (2016). Understanding the influence of social media in the diffusion
process of new products: An empirical investigation of mobile phone market. Journal of
Product Innovation Management, 33(6), 816-834.
- Wilson, R. F., & Goodson, S. (2013). Social media marketing for dummies. Wiley.
- Woodside, A. G., & Chebat, J. C. (2001). Updating Heider's balance theory in consumer behavior: A
revised model. Psychology and Marketing, 18(5), 475-492.
- Zephoria. (2024). Facebook Statistics 2024. Retrieved from https://zephoria.com/facebook-statistics/
- Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment
in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1816-1836