Alzheimerlı Hastalara Bakım Verenlerin Bakım Yükleri ile Merhamet Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki ve Etkileyen Faktörler: Kesitsel ve Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 96 - 106, 26.09.2023

Meryem Türkan Işık Meltem Akbaş Rana Can Özdemir

Abstract

Amaç: Araştırma, Alzheimer hastalarına bakım verenlerin bakım yükleri ile merhamet düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla kesitsel olarak yapıldı.
Yöntem: Araştırma Şubat -Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında bir ilimizdeki Türkiye Alzheimer Derneği Yaşlı Yaşam Merkezi’nde yapıldı. Araştırmanın evrenini araştırmanın yapıldığı merkeze kayıtlı 58 Alzheimer hastası ve bu hastalara bakım veren bir bakıcı oluşturdu. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Merhamet Ölçeği (MÖ) ve Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği (BVYÖ) ile toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ortalama ve standart sapma, medyan [minimum-maksimum], student t testi/Mann Whitney U testi, tek yönlü ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. İstatistik karşılaştırmalar p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 45.53±15.88, hastalara bakım verme süresi ortalaması 3.60±3.19 yıldır. Bakım vericilerin MÖ toplam puan ortalaması 94.60±15.83 ve BVYÖ toplam puan ortalaması 39.14±11.59’dır. Çalışmada BVYÖ ve MÖ alt boyut ve toplam puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05).
Katılımcıların öğrenim düzeyi, medeni durum, çocuğa sahip olma, çalışma durumu, akraba olma, yardım alma, korku ve endişe yaşama, sosyal açıdan güçlük yaşama, hastanın temel gereksinimlerini karşılama durumu, hastaya hareket desteği verme durumu, bakımla ilgili bilgiye ihtiyaç duyma durumunun katılımcıların merhamet duygusunu, etkileyen faktör olduğu (p<0.05) belirlendi.
Sonuç: Bakım vericilerin bakım yüklerinin orta düzeyde olmasına rağmen, merhamet düzeylerinin yüksek ve merhamet duygularını etkileyen faktörlerin olduğu belirlendi. Bakım verenlerin bakım yüklerini ve yaşadıkları olumsuz duyguları azaltmaya ve olumlu yönde geliştirmeye yönelik eğitimlerin planlanması önerilir.

Keywords

Bakım verici, Alzheiimer hastası, Bakım yükü, Merhamet

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Relationship Between Caregiver Burden and Compassion Levels and the Affecting Factors in Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: This cross-sectional study aims to identify the relationship between caregiver burden and compassion levels and the affecting factors in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Methods: The research was carried out in Turkey Alzheimer's Association Elderly Life Center in one of our provinces between February and May 2018. The target population was composed of 58 caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease who were registered in the related center. Data were collected through the Socio-demographic Form, the Compassion Scale (CS), and the Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS). Mean and standard deviation, median [minimum-maximum], student t test/Mann Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data. Statistical comparisons were evaluated at p<0.05 significance level.
Findings: The average age of the participants was found 45.53±15.88, and the average duration of caregiving was 3.60±3.19 years. The CS total mean score of the caregivers was 94.60±15.83, and their CBS total mean score was 39.14±11.59. No significant relationships were detected between the CBS and CS subscale and total scores (p>0,05). Participants' education level, marital status, having a child, working status, being a relative, getting help, experiencing fear and anxiety, experiencing social difficulties, meeting the basic needs of the patient, providing mobility support to the patient, needing information about care it was determined that there was a factor affecting the sense of compassion (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Although the participants were found to have a moderate-level caregiver burden, their compassion level was high and the compassion towards patients with Alzheimer's disease was affected by some factors. It is recommended to plan trainings to reduce the caregivers' burden of care and the negative emotions they experience and to improve them positively.

Keywords

Caregiver, patient with Alzheimer, caregiver burden, compassion

Project Number

yok

References

• Alzheimer's Association Report 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023; 19: 1598–1695.
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2022. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2022-49667.
• Hart DR. “Improving provider awareness of caregiver burden in an Oregon Alzheimer's disease care center”. Scholar Archive 2015: 3699.
• Sinhaa P, Desaia NG, Prakasha O, Kushwahab S, Tripathi CB. Caregiver burden in Alzheimer-type dementia and psychosis: A comparative study from India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2017; 26: 86–91.
• Koca E, Taskapılıoglu Ö, Bakar M. Caregiver burden in different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2017; 54 (1): 82.
• Jütten LH, Mark RE, Sitskoorn MM. Empathy in informal dementia caregivers and its relationship with depression, anxiety, and burden. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology 2019; 19: 12-21.
• Amorim FA, GiorGion MCP, Forlenza OV. Social skills and well-being among family caregivers to patients with Alzheimer's disease. Arch Clin Psychiatry 2017; 44 (6): 159-161.
• Goren A, Montgomery W, Kahle-Wrobleski K, Nakamura T, Ueda K. Impact of caring for persons with Alzheimer's disease or dementia on caregivers' health outcomes: findings from a community based survey in Japan. BMC Geriatrics 2016; 16: 122.
• Martins G, Corrêa L, Caparrol AJS, Afonso dos Santos PT, Brugnera LM, Gratão ACM. Sociodemographic and health characteristics of formal and informal caregivers of elderly people with Alzheimer's Disease. Escola Anna Nery 2019; 23(2):1-21.
• Sousa MF, Santos RL, Turró-Garriga O, Dias R, Dourado MC, Conde-Sala JL. Factors associated with caregiver burden: comparative study between Brazilian and Spanish caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). International Psychogeriatric 2016; 28 (8): 1363-1374.
• Gilbert P. The compassionate mind: A new approach to life's challenges. London: Constable and Robinson, 2009; 13-14.
• Strauss C, Taylor BL, Gu J, Kuyken W, Baer R, Jones F, Cavanagh K. What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 47: 15-27.
• Prince M, Wimo A, Guerchet M, Ali G-C, Wu Y-T, Prina M. World Alzheimer report 2015. London: The Global Impact of Dementia. 2015.
• Salazar LR. The relationship between compassion, interpersonal communication apprehension, narcissism and verbal aggressiveness. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being 2016; 4 (1): 1-14.
• Lyncha SH, Shusterb G, Lobo ML. The family caregiver experience – examining the positive and negative aspects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue as caregiving outcomes. Aging & Mental Health 2018; 22 (11): 1424–1431.
• Vachon MLS. Targeted intervention for family and professional caregivers: Attachment, empathy, and compassion. Palliative Medicine 2016; 30 (2): 101–103.
• Monin JK, Schulz R, Feeney BC. Compassionate love in ındividuals with alzheimer's disease and their spousal caregivers: associations with caregivers' psychological health. The Gerontologist 2015; 55 (6): 981–989.
• Yu H, Wang X, He R, Liang R, Zhou L. Measuring the caregiver burden of caring for community-residing people with alzheimer's disease. PLoS ONE 2015; 10 (7): e0132168.
• Akdeniz S, Deniz ME. The Turkish adaptation of Compassion Scale: The validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being 2016; 4 (1): 50-61.
• İnci F, Erdem M. Validity and reliability of the burden interview and its adaptation to Turkish. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2008; 11 (4): 85-95.
• Coffman I, Resnick HE, Lathan CE. Behavioral health characteristics of a technology-enabled sample of Alzheimer's caregivers with high caregiver burden. mHealth 2017; 3 (36): 1-6.
• Garre-Olmo J, Vilalta-Franch J, Calvó-Perxas L, Turró-Garriga O, Conde-Sala L, López-Pousa S. A path analysis of patient dependence and caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease. International Psychogeriatrics 2016; 28 (7): 1133–1141.
• Gomez-Gomez C, Riquelme-Heras H, Aranda-Garza I, Gutierrez-Herrera R, MendezEspinosa E, Martinez-Lazcano F, Gutierrez-Sanchez P. Relationship of stigma to caregivers burden in Alzheimer's disease Patients. J Primary Health Care Gen Practice 2018; 2 (2): 1-7.
• Pudelewicz A, Talarska D, Bazzyk G. Burden of caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Scand J Caring Sci 2019; 33: 336–341.
• Liu S, Li C, Shi Z, Wang X, Zhou Y, Liu S, Ji Y. Caregiver burden and prevalence of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances in Alzheimer's disease caregivers in China. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2017; 26 (9-10): 1291-1300.
• Thorson‑Olesen SJ, Meinertz N, Eckert S. Caring for aging populations: examining compassion fatigue and satisfaction. Journal of Adult Development 2019; 26: 232–240.
• Lloyd, J, Muers J, Patterson T G, Marczak M. Self-compassion, coping strategies, and caregiver burden in caregivers of people with dementia. Clinical Gerontologist 2019; 42 (1): 47-59.
• Torres, Janet Shin Yi. "Gender dıfferences ın caregıver burden among Alzheımer's patıents". Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations 2018; 681. Available from: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/681.
• Stensletten K, Bruvik F, Espehaug B, Drageset J. Burden of care, social support, and sense of coherence in elderly caregivers living with individuals with symptoms of dementia. Dementia 2016; 15 (6): 1422–1435.
• Mattioli D, Walters L, Cannon EJ. Focusing on the caregiver: Compassion fatigue awareness and understanding. Medsurg Nursing 2018; 27 (5): 323-328.
• Settineri S, Frisone F, Alibrandi, A, Merlo EM. Vulnerability and physical well-being of caregivers: What relationship. Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences 2019; 6 (1): 1-9.
• Perry B. A qualıtatıve study of compassıon fatıgue among family caregıvers ın long term care homes. Perspectıves 2015; 38 (3): 14-24.
• Fernando AT, Consedine N. Development and initial psychometric properties of the barriers to physician compassion. Postgrad Med J 2014; 90: 388–395.
• Roland K P, Chappell NL. Caregiver experiences across three neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Parkinson's with dementia. Journal of Aging and Health 2019; 31 (2): 256-279.
• Wang Z, Ma C, Han H, He R, Zhou L, Liang R, Yu H. Caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease: Moderation effects of social support and mediation effects of positive aspects of caregiving. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2018; 33 (9): 1198-1206.
• Gümüş Demir Z, Akoğlu B. Examination of the relationship between the stress collection, self-efficiency, and the attitudes of seeking psychological help of the carers of alzheimer patients. YDÜ SOSBİLDER 2023; 16 (1): 6-40.
• Müderrisoğlu S, Çubukçu M. Evaluation of quality of life of caregivers of Alzheimer's patients receiving home health care. TJFMPC 2022; 16 (1): 48-56.